Cov tsev kawm qib siab Muslim yav dhau los thiab niaj hnub no

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:57

Cov tsev kawm ntawv Muslim siab tshaj plaws hauv Arab Caliphate tau hu ua madrasahs, cov tsev kawm no tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv xyoo pua 9 AD. Thawj ntawm lawv tau qhib hauv 859 hauv Morocco. Madrasahs feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm mosques, lawv qhia Arabic, Kaulees, keeb kwm ntawm Islam, hadith, Sharia (Muslim kev coj ncaj ncees uas tsim cov kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm Muslims), kalam. Nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, cov tsev kawm ntawv Muslim siab dua feem ntau tsis yog kev ntseeg xwb tab sis kuj tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua.

Kev kawm hauv ntiaj teb Islamic

Lub Arab Caliphate pib los ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, los yog, los ntawm cov zej zog nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub Hijaz thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 7th. Thaum, tom qab kev hloov chaw, cov Muslims tau tsim lawv tus kheej hauv Medina, tus Yaj Saub Muhammad kom lawv qhia lawv cov menyuam nyeem thiab sau ntawv ntawm mosques. Maj mam, cov chav sib cais tshwm sim, analogues ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv theem qis.

Hauv ntiaj teb Islamic, thawj cov tsev kawm ntawv Muslim siab dua - Nizamiyya - kuj tau sawv. Ntxiv mus, txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, kev kawm yog dawb, thiab txhua leej txhua tus muaj peev xwm kawm - cov me nyuam ntawm nobles thiab tub lag luam zaum ntawm ib sab ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm peasants thiab artisans. Lawv qhia, ntxiv rau cov Kaulees, ntawv nyeem, lej, tshuaj, chemistry, keeb kwm, linguistics thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, lub ancient qauv ntawm kev kawm tau khaws cia nyob rau hauvIslamic lub teb chaws rau hnub no.

Madrasas laus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb: Miri Arab

Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, lub tsev kawm ntawv Muslim siab tshaj Miri Arab tau tsim hauv Bukhara. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm nws lub hauv paus mus txog rau thaum nws kaw (hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX), nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Rau qee lub sij hawm ntawm Soviet lub sij hawm, Miri Arab yog tib tug nyob rau hauv tag nrho USSR. Ntawm cov kawm tiav yog Mukhammedzhan Khusain, Miyan Mali, Sheikh Kazy-Askar, ex-tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Chechen koom pheej Akhmad Kadyrov thiab lwm tus. Lub madrasah tseem ua haujlwm, qhia ntau dua 100 tus tub ntxhais kawm tib lub sijhawm.

Lub madrasah yog ib feem ntawm Poi Kalyan complex ("ko taw ntawm lub Great"), kev tsim kho uas yog ntaus nqi rau Sheikh Abdallah Yamani, hu ua Mir-i Arab. Lub sheikh muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau Sultan ntawm Bukhara Khan Ubaidulla. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, madrasah tau tsim nrog cov nyiaj tau txais los ntawm Khan rau kev muag peb txhiab tus neeg Persian raug ntes (Ubaydullah Khan pheej coj nws cov tub rog mus tua ntawm Khorasan).

Zyndzhyrly thiab Al-Karaouin

Zyndzhyrly-madrasah (Bakhchisaray) - ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe - hauv 2010, 510 xyoo tau dhau los txij li nws lub hauv paus. Lub tsev kawm ntawv Muslim siab dua no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1500 thiab ua haujlwm txog xyoo 1917. Nyob rau xyoo 2006, qhov kev kho dua tshiab tau pib rau madrasah nws tus kheej thiab lub qhov ntxa ntawm Haji Giray, thiab los ntawm 2010 cov tsev tau muab tso rau hauv kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv 2015, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau raug xa mus rau lub Spiritual Administration ntawm Muslims ntawm Crimea.

Ib tug poj niam sawv ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Al-Karaouine - nyob rau hauv 859 nws nrhiav tau ib tug madrasah thiab ib lub tsev teev ntuj nco txog nws txiv, ib tug nplua nujtub lag luam Muhammad al-Fihri. Qhov no yog lub tsev kawm ntawv qub tshaj plaws hauv Morocco thiab qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov tam sim no. Leo Africanus, Maimonides, Ibn Khaldun kawm nyob ntawd. Lub tsev tau rov tsim dua ob peb zaug - tam sim no nws lub tsev thov Vajtswv tuaj yeem tso tau ntau dua 20,000 tus neeg. Xyoo 1947, lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv European lub siab ntawm lo lus.

Modern schools

Nyob rau xyoo 1960, ntau lub tebchaws Islamic tau hloov kho kev kawm rau pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, ob lub ntsiab ntawm madrassas tau tshwm sim: sab ntsuj plig, uas imams tau kawm, thiab cov neeg ntiaj teb, uas ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv theem nrab lossis qib siab nrog cov kev kawm "ib txwm" (lej, hom lus, computer science thiab lwm yam kev qhuab qhia). Muaj kev xaiv thib peb - tsev kawm ntawv ntiav.

Cov tsev kawm qib siab Muslim ntawm thawj thiab thib ob muaj nyob ua tsaug rau kev pub dawb thiab kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa. Lawv feem ntau muab rau lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv, ntxiv rau cov nqi kawm ntawv, dawb hostels (nrog rau zaub mov thiab kev pab nrog kev kawm ntxiv).

Ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov tsev kawm online tau tshwm sim (ib qho tshwm sim hauv Russia xyoo 2013) - thaum kawm tiav lawv muab daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab feem ntau, lawv cov kev kawm raug coj los ntawm cov kev kawm uas siv "cov tsev kawm ntawv" siab dua Muslim.