Tus kheej zoo ntawm Russia: ib daim ntawv teev npe. Tus cwj pwm zoo nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:57

Peb lub xyoo pua tau los tsis ntev los no, thiab yog li peb tseem tsis tau hais tias leej twg tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st yog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txheeb xyuas yav dhau los yuav muab sijhawm rau peb kom nkag siab txog yam zoo tiag tiag uas peb tuaj yeem xav tau los ntawm cov ntshav Slavic. Raws li koj paub mas leej twg paub yav tag los yeej paub lub neej tom ntej.

Cov kws sau paj huam, suab paj nruag, cov nom tswv, cov kws sau ntawv, kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws kos duab - tag nrho cov no yog tus kheej zoo ntawm Russia. Cov npe, txawm hais tias luv luv, tawg los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tau muab hauv qab no.

Politicians

Alexander Nevsky

Cov neeg zoo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia, uas tau hais hauv peb tsab xov xwm, pib nrog nws. Tus Grand Duke ntawm Novgorod thiab tus thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws uas tau tswj kom kov yeej Swedes thiab Teutons thiab tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev muaj nyob ntawm Russia hauv keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai.

Ivan IV the Terrible

Tus tub huabtais siab phem ntawm Moscow, uas, ua tsaug rau nws lub zog siab dhau thiab nqhis dej rau lub zog, tsim lub tebchaws Lavxias, ua thawj tus huab tais ntawm Russia.

Nws paub thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb vim nws nqhis dej. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau npaum li cas nws tau hloov kho thiab hloov kho Russia, tsim los ntawm nws ib leeg thiab ib lub xeev, uas txhua tus neeg nyob ze yuav tsum suav nrog.

Peter I

Ib tug hloov kho thiab tsim kho tshiab uas sim ua kom Russia ua lub xeev nyob sab Europe tiag. Thawj tus huab tais ntawm Russia, uas tau los ua xws li vim muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov xeev B altic. Founder ntawm St. Petersburg thiab tus tsim ntawm navy.

Catherine II

Qhov tseem ceeb nthuav dav ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Ua kom cov nom tswv yog cov muaj cai thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Lub patroness ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kos duab, "Lavxias teb sab enlightener", uas tau tswj kom ua tiav qhov kev hloov kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tom qab Peter the Great.

YVladimir Ilyich Lenin

Tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Tsov Rog, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws theorists ntawm communism. Tus tsim thiab txhawb nqa ntawm thawj lub xeev socialist - USSR. Nws tuag yam tsis tau tos cov txiv uas nws tawm tsam.

Alexander Ostrovsky

Tus kheej zoo ntawm Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 19th ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam yuav tsis tshua muaj tsim yam tsis muaj keeb kwm ntawm tus sau no. "Lavxias teb sab Ibsen", tus sau ntawm plays "Dowry", "Thunderstorm", "Peb cov neeg - peb yuav nyob twj ywm." Thawj tus neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab Lavxias teb sab uas tau pib muab qhov kev xav tob tob rau hauv cov kab ntawm cov cim.

Nikolai Gogol

Dramaturg thiab sau. Paub rau lub plays "Inspector", "Kev sib yuav", raws li zoo raws li prose - "Viy", "Overcoat", thiab lwm yam. Ib hom ntawm founder ntawm "ntsoos heev" hom. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim yog ib tug txiv neej me thiab kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm lub ntiaj teb raws lirau nws.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Tus sau cov dab neeg The Idiot, Kev Ua Phem thiab Kev rau txim, Cov Kwv Tij Karamazov. Ib tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws uas nyob mus ib txhis hloov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev piav qhia lub neej sab hauv ntawm tus cwj pwm. Tom qab lub facades uas tsaus ntuj nti ntawm St. Petersburg thiab cov huab tsaus ntuj, nws ib txwm sim tawm kev cia siab rau cov neeg nyeem. Ua haujlwm tshawb nrhiav hauv nws txoj haujlwm kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg thiab Vajtswv.

Leo Tolstoy

Tus sau uas muab lub ntiaj teb "Kev Tsov Rog thiab Kev Thaj Yeeb" thiab "Anna Karenina". Tus sau ntawm ib tug tiag tiag Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig. Ib tug pacifist uas nquag tawm tsam kev tsov rog tag nrho nws lub neej, uas tau tshwm sim hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Nws ntseeg tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev zoo siab yog kev sib sau ntawm tib neeg nrog xwm.

YAnton Chekhov

Nkauj tawm tshiab yuam kom sau dab neeg lom zem pub rau nws tsev neeg thiab tau txais ib co nyiaj npib me me rau qhov no. Tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm Russia yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj tus thawj "Tus txiv neej tsis muaj tus po". Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem, txhim kho thiab maj mam tsim cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tag nrho cov ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv - cov dab neeg "Typhus" thiab "Cov yeeb ncuab", ua yeeb yam "Lub Seagull" thiab "Peb viv ncaus".

Anton Chekhov yog thawj tus kws sau ntawv uas tau hais tias txhua yam teeb meem tib neeg los ntawm ib yam - kev ruam tib neeg tsis kawg.

Poets

Alexander Pushkin

Tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias zoo tshaj plaws, tus sau ntau yam paj huam thiab paj huam, suav nrog cov ntawv tshiab hauv nqe lus "Eugene Onegin". Thaum lawv hais tias "tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm Russia" txawv teb chaws, lawv feem ntau yuav hu rau Pushkin tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus creator ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab paj huam, txawj ntse ntawm lub hnub nyoog goldenLavxias teb sab paj huam. Hauv nws cov paj huam, nws tau tswj hwm txhua yam ntawm cov ncauj lus - los ntawm kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau kev xav tsis meej pem.

YMikhail Lermontov

Tus sau paj huam "Ib tug Hero ntawm Peb Lub Sijhawm" thiab ib txoj hlua loj ntawm ntau yam paj huam. Nws tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, los ntawm qhov uas nws tau los ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged cim nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Nug txog qhov xav tau kev ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib cais ntawm tib neeg.

YVladimir Mayakovsky

Tus tsim ntawm futurism hauv thaj chaw kab lis kev cai ntawm Russia. Nws sau nws cov paj huam nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb stepped daim ntawv. Ib tug ardent communist, suav hais tias yog ib lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub kiv puag ncig. Txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tau tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiag tiag ntawm kev hloov pauv. Ib tus kws sau paj huam tseem ceeb ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj.

Sergey Yesenin

Ib qho tam sim no ntawm Mayakovsky thiab nws qhov kev tawm tsam tag nrho ua tus sau. Ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab lub siab dawb paug, uas tib lub sij hawm tswj kom nyob twj ywm ib tug nyob mus ib txhis thab plaub thiab ib tug hluas. Nws tsa cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm tus kheej nrog ib puag ncig, kev hlub rau xwm thiab, ntawm chav kawm, rau poj niam.

YVladimir Vysotsky

Bard, sau ntau zaj nkauj thiab paj huam. Tus kws sau paj huam loj tshaj plaws ntawm Bronze Age. Nws lub suab nrov zoo li tso nws lub suab nyob rau hauv cov keeb kwm uas tau tso tseg rau nws los ntawm txhua tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 20th. Nws tau tsa cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tsam sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm tus neeg, nws qhov chaw hauv zej zog thiab hauv ntiaj teb feem ntau. Subtle satirist.

Bulat Okudzhava

Tseem yog ib tug kws sau paj lug uas nws tus kheej ua nws cov paj huam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nkauj. Kov thiab ncaj ncees, nws sau paj huam uas muaj qee yam kev xav ntawm cosmic. Feem ntau siv metaphors, tsim nrogsiv lawv cov duab sib sib zog nqus. Nws cov nkauj muaj ib daim ntawv piv txwv, uas yog ib zaug (zoo-naturedly) parodied los ntawm Vysotsky.

Lev Kuleshov

Ua tsaug rau nws, tus kheej zoo ntawm Russia pib tshwm hauv xinesmas. Tus discoverer ntawm "Kuleshov nyhuv" - "ob thav duab uas yog ywj siab nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, glued ua ke, tsim lub ntsiab lus tshiab." Qhov tseeb, tus tsim ntawm zaj dab neeg montage.

Sergey Eisenstein

Tus sau ntawm cult "Battleship Potemkin", uas tseem pom hauv ib qho pa. Zaj duab xis theorist thiab tus tsim ntawm dynamic montage.

Thawj tus neeg hauv tebchaws Russia siv cov xim hauv xinesmas yog tus chij liab hauv tib lub Battleship Potemkin.

Mikhail Romm

Tus thawj coj ntawm cov ntawv sau cia ("Lub Hom Phiaj Fascism") thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tshwj xeeb ("Nine Hnub ntawm Ib Xyoo") cov yeeb yaj kiab. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws xinesmas theorists ntawm nruab nrab-20th caug xyoo. VGIK tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus kws sau ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.

Andrey Tarkovsky

Ib tug txiv neej uas tswj tua ib tug tiag tiag art-tsev nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nws cov tapes muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej, tag nrho ntawm cov lus piv txwv thiab cov lus qhia me me. Nws tua "Solaris" thiab "Stalker", feem ntau ua nws tej hauj lwm xws li zaj lus piv txwv-allegories.

Artists

Andrey Rublev

Niaj hnub no tus kheej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Russia ntawm cov kws kos duab yuav ua tsis tau yog tias tsis muaj tus neeg uas tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias painting.

Tus sau ntawm ntau lub cim, Andrey Rublev tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau qhov kev kos duab nyuaj no. Tam sim no nws tej hauj lwm tau muab khaws cia tsis yog nyob rau hauv pawg ntseeg xwb,tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw, ua piv txwv thiab cov tswv yim ntawm cov duab kos duab.

Ilya Repin

Tus sau ntau cov duab thiab ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg. Los ntawm hauv qab nws txhuam tuaj xws li "Lawv tsis tos", "Sailed" thiab "Ivan tus txaus ntshai tua nws tus tub." Master of situational, "ploj" paintings.

Txhua tus ntawm nws daim duab kos zoo li daim duab thaij thaum qhov kawg ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas nws tau sim ntes. Nws paintings yog infinitely ciaj sia thiab tej zaum yuav tsis ib txwm qhia lawv cov ntsiab lus tseeb thaum xub thawj pom. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv Repin yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov cim thiab cov ntsiab lus.

Kazimir Malevich

Tus neeg zoo niaj hnub, lub npe hu ua "Black Square", uas twb dhau los ua lub npe tsev neeg. Nws yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab txoj kev qhia cov xim nyob rau hauv painting. Nws paintings yog tag nrho ntawm abstractions thiab geometric duab, sim invent ib yam dab tsi tshiab nyob rau hauv nws kos duab. Kuv sim nrhiav "kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb" hauv cov duab.

Composers

YPyotr Tchaikovsky

Ib tus thawj kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab kws sau ntawv, Tchaikovsky tau tsim cov khoom siv tes ua los ntawm cov suab paj nruag (hauv kev nkag siab zoo ntawm lo lus). Nws yog ib tug txiv neej uas cia li tso tsis tau suab paj nruag.

Cov ncauj lus sib txawv heev tau tsa nyob rau hauv txhua yam ua tau ua rau Pyotr Ilyich tus kws sau ntawv muaj peev xwm ncav cuag lub siab ntawm txhua tus neeg. Nws cov hauj lwm nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov neeg ntaus pob The Nutcracker thiab Swan Lake.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Tus sau nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm operas ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas Nikolai Andreevich ua haujlwm nrog yog keeb kwm thiabfairy taleas ("Three Miracles", "Snow Maiden").

Kuv ntseeg hais tias lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub suab paj nruag yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg mloog nrog qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tsuas yog tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv cov suab paj nruag xwb.

YDmitry Shostakovich

Ib tus kws sau nkauj nrog txoj hmoo nyuaj, uas pib ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm modernism thiab nquag sim ua txhua yam. Txawm li cas los xij, Stalin tus kheej tsis nyiam pojniam Macbeth ntawm Mtsensk District, thiab tom qab ntawd muaj kev kub ntxhov hnyav ua raws.

Txawm kom cawm nws tus kheej thiab nws tsev neeg, Shostakovich yuav tsum tsim kom muaj "lub xeev" nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov suab paj nruag yeej ua pov thawj tias txawm tias tus neeg mloog yooj yim tau hnov cov lus sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Ntau qhov kev xav thiab lub ntsiab lus uas nws tau muab tso rau hauv symphonies No. 5 thiab No. 7 tau nkag siab los ntawm txhua tus.

Tus kws tshawb fawb

YMikhail Lomonosov

thawj Lavxias teb sab encyclopedist, "ib tug txiv neej ntawm tag nrho cov sciences". Nqa cov kev tshawb fawb Lavxias mus rau qib ntawm Europe. Ua ntau qhov kev tshawb pom hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no rau nws.

Raws li kev kawm thiab ib tus cwj pwm nquag tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm, nws yog lub cim rau Lavxias Kev Pom Zoo.

YDmitry Mendeleev

Russian chemist uas twb dhau los ua lus dab neeg, uas tau tswj hwm los tsim cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg lub sijhawm, uas ua rau lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb mus tom ntej.

Qhov muaj nyob ntawm lub rooj no qhia meej meej txog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab nws qhov system meej.

Ib qhov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, uas, raws linyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov niaj hnub natural science yog tuav ua ke, belongs rau nws. Nws kuj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev tshawb fawb, qhov uas nws kuj nrhiav tau ntau yam.

Ivan Pavlov

Thawj Nobel tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Russia. Pavlov ua qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv biology thiab physiology - nws yog tus uas pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj nyob. Thiab nws yog tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias no uas tau muab faib rau hauv cov xwm txheej thiab tsis muaj xwm txheej.

Pavlov tau mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho rau qhov kev tshawb pom no, thiab txawm tias nws tuag, nws txuas ntxiv hais nws txoj kev xav rau nws cov tub ntxhais kawm - kom kev tshawb fawb thiaj paub qhov kev tuag zoo dua.

kis las

Ivan Poddubny

Legendary Lavxias teb sab wrestler, "hero ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th". Tsis tau poob ib zaug hauv kaum xyoo. Wrestling champion tsib times.

YGarry Kasparov

Tus neeg ua si chess nrog ntau yam khoom plig, "Chess Oscars" thiab lub npe ntawm tus yeej ntiaj teb. Nws tau los ua nto moo rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau yam kev sib tw thiab cov tswv yim thiab muaj peev xwm tawm los ntawm qhov kev ua si zoo li ua tsis tau tiav raws li tus yeej.

"Kasparov qhib" - qhov no yog qhov kev npaj txhij txog thiab tsis yog tus qauv txav thaum pib ntawm qhov kev ua si hu ua tam sim no.

Lev Yashin

Soviet tus neeg ncaws pob, nto moo rau nws qhov "tsis muaj zog". suav tias yog tus neeg ncaws pob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Rov qab lees paub tias yog tus neeg ncaws pob zoo tshaj plaws ntawm USSR. Ballon d'Or yeej.

Zoo kawg

Raws li peb pom, tus kheej zoo hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg. Chekhov tuaj yeem raug hu ua tus kws ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab Mendeleev - tus kws tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws. Tag nrho cov neeg no tseem ceeb tsis yog rauRussia, tab sis kuj rau txhua cheeb tsam uas lawv tau nto moo.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau cia siab tias tus kheej zoo ntawm Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 21st yuav, zoo li lawv cov thawj coj, txhais tau tias ib yam dab tsi rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb, thiab tsis yog rau lawv lub tebchaws xwb.