Birch tsev neeg. Birch tsev neeg: piav qhia thiab yees duab

Cov txheej txheem:

Birch tsev neeg. Birch tsev neeg: piav qhia thiab yees duab
Birch tsev neeg. Birch tsev neeg: piav qhia thiab yees duab

Video: Birch tsev neeg. Birch tsev neeg: piav qhia thiab yees duab

Video: Birch tsev neeg. Birch tsev neeg: piav qhia thiab yees duab
Video: qhia tshuaj zoo mob raum thiab raum muaj pob zeb 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm birch, uas tuaj yeem pom tsis tau tsuas yog hauv hav zoov, tab sis kuj hauv cov tiaj ua si hauv nroog, ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv cov squares, ib zaug tau tshoov siab los ntawm cov neeg qub Slavs thiab druids thiab suav tias yog dawb huv. Tsev neeg Birch suav nrog 6 genera ntawm tsob ntoo, uas tau muab faib ua 234 hom.

Birch yog tus hlub tshaj plaws thiab hwm ntawm cov neeg ntawm ntau lub tebchaws. Cov paj huam tau mob siab rau nws, cov lus dab neeg tau sau txog nws, nws cov kua dej kho tau siv thiab nqa khoom plig. Txhua tsob ntoo uas yog tsev neeg Birch (cov neeg sawv cev - hornbeam, alder, hazel, birch thiab lwm yam) muaj cov cuab yeej kho mob uas tseem siv tshuaj niaj hnub no.

Birch tsev neeg

Leej twg tau mus rau ib tug birch grove paub hais tias huab cua nyob rau hauv nws txawv txawv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo no emit phytoncides - tshwj xeeb antibacterial tshuaj uas yuav purify huab cua. Cov yeeb yam no tau paub rau cov neeg ntawm ancient sij hawm, nws kuj tau siv los ntawm niaj hnub lub nroog npaj los ntxuav txoj kev hauv nroog los ntawm cov pa roj. Tias yog vim li cas tsob ntoo feem ntau nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ua si pej xeem yog los ntawm tsev neeg birch. Nws kuj muaj xws li:hornbeam, hazel, alder, hop hornbeam thiab ostriopsis.

Lub npe nrov dawb birch tau muab faib ua warty thiab Fastigiata. Tsev neeg Birch belongs rau cov ntoo deciduous, cua-pollinated thiab monoecious.

Warty drooping birch (Betula verrucosa) loj hlob hauv Tebchaws Europe, North America, Central Asia thiab North Africa. Cov ntoo no nce mus txog 30 m hauv qhov siab thiab tuaj yeem nyob txog 120 lossis ntau xyoo. Cov tawv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo hluas yog xim av, tab sis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo nws yuav dawb. Nws yog rau nws xim uas nws tau txais nws lub npe. Txhais los ntawm ancient Celtic betu txhais tau tias "dawb", yog li cov xim nyob rau hauv birch bark hu ua betulin.

birch tsev neeg
birch tsev neeg

Lub npe ntawm warty birch yog vim cov qog resinous nyob rau ntawm nws cov ceg thiab zoo li me me warts. Nplooj yog dab tsi koom ua ke Birch tsev neeg. Cov yam ntxwv kev txhawj xeeb, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv. Lawv yog ob-toothed, alternated, ncav cuag ib tug ntev ntawm 4 mus rau 7 cm, ib tug dav ntawm 2 mus rau 5 cm nyob rau hauv feem ntau birch hom. Feem ntau lawv du lossis me ntsis npog nrog villi, tab sis lawv kuj pom muaj "xav" pubescence.

Lub hauv paus system ntawm warty birch muaj zog, tab sis tuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab tob. Prefers av uas yog fertile, fertilized thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals. Tsob ntoo no blooms los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus txog rau lub Tsib Hlis, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (me me ceev) ripen nyob rau hauv Lub yim hli ntuj-September. Propagated by noob.

Birch Fastigiata

Qhov ntau yam ntawm warty birch txawv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub crown. Nws yog nqaim thiab wedge-puab,thiab cov ceg stretch upward, tsis zoo li nws dangling "kwv tij". Nrog qhov siab qis - tsuas yog 10 m, Fastigiata (Birch tsev neeg) muaj lub hauv paus muaj zog heev thiab lub cev tiv taus cua.

birch tsev neeg
birch tsev neeg

tsob ntoo no loj hlob sai heev - txog li 40 cm ib xyoo, thiab lub neej expectancy tsis tshua muaj tshaj 100 xyoo. Cov nplooj yog tib yam li ntawm warty birch, tab sis kav ntev npaum li cas, kom txog rau thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig. Nws blooms nrog me me ntsuab, irregularly zoo li paj mus txog 1 cm ntev.

tsob ntoo no zam lub caij ntuj sov qhuav thiab lub caij ntuj no txias sib npaug. Cov kab tsuag ntuj yog cov kab May, kab kab (kab), bucephalus corydalis, birch sapwood thiab nun silkworm.

Alder

Txawm hais tias alder belongs rau pawg Birch, tsev neeg tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm tsob ntoo txawv tshaj qhov no. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv txhua yam:

  • Ua ntej, nws tawg ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd tawm.
  • Secondly, alder "qhib" caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws paj pib thaum tseem muaj daus rau hauv av, thiab cua sov tsuas yog pom nyob rau saum huab cua.
  • Thib peb, nws nplooj tsis tig daj, tab sis poob ntsuab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig.
  • Plaub, alder foliage yog li ntawd muaj nitrogen fertilizes cov av uas tsob ntoo hlob.
tsob ntoo los ntawm tsev neeg birch
tsob ntoo los ntawm tsev neeg birch

Thib tsib, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb ntawm nws cov ntoo kom nyuaj dua thaum raug cov dej noo ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov qhov dej thiab kev tsim cov thoob

Txawm hais tias tsob ntoo no muaj txog li 50 hom, feem ntauob yog dav - alder dub thiab grey. Nws tau txais lub npe dub (nplaum - lub npe thib ob) ua tsaug rau nws lub cev, uas tsaus ntuj thaum nws loj hlob tuaj. Nws yog hu ua nplaum vim nplooj. Feem ntau nws loj hlob ib leeg lossis hauv ib pawg ntawm tib tsob ntoo. Dub alder pib tawg nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis, thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tag nrho ripen tsuas yog tom qab ib xyoos. Nyiam lub teeb thiab noo noo.

Alder grey tsis tsuas yog lub cev ntawm cov xim no, tab sis kuj tawm. Nws yog unpretentious, Frost-resistant thiab hlob txawm nyob rau hauv cov av tsis zoo. Txij li thaum grey alder nyhav zuj zus mus rau hauv cov thickets impenetrable, nws yog feem ntau cog kom ruaj ntseg ntug dej thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm hollows thiab ravines.

Hornbeam

Tsev neeg Birch kuj suav nrog hornbeam. Tuam Tshoj thiab Asia suav tias yog nws lub tebchaws. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub, tab sis nyiam cov av noo, yog li nws xav tau kev ywg dej ntxiv rau lub caij ntuj sov qhuav.

Hais txog lub neej expectancy, lub hornbeam tsis haum rau tsev neeg Birch, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas feem ntau yog tib yam, thiab qhov nruab nrab mus txog 100-120 xyoo. Tib tsob ntoo yooj yim nyob mus txog 300 xyoo, loj hlob mus txog 30 m hauv qhov siab thiab 8 m dav.

birch tsev neeg yam ntxwv
birch tsev neeg yam ntxwv

Hornbeam blooms nrog me me txiv neej thiab poj niam inflorescences nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhwv ntsej, tab sis pib txi txiv tom qab 15-20 xyoo. Cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo no yog siv los ua cov rooj tog zaum thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, tab sis tsuas yog tom qab kev kho tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kev lwj, vim nws absorbs noo noo thiab deteriorates sai.

Hazel

Txhua tsev neeg birch,uas cov neeg sawv cev dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog txiv ntseej, tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li cov hazel. Hazel, raws li tib neeg hu nws, muaj nplooj nplooj zoo li lub bream, uas nws hu ua hazel. Lawv yog ntsuab tsaus saum toj thiab lub teeb ntsuab hauv qab.

birch tsev neeg sawv cev
birch tsev neeg sawv cev

Cov paj ntoo tsis tshua muaj siab hlob siab tshaj 7 m, muaj paj ntawm ob hom - txiv neej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhwv ntsej thiab poj niam, zoo li buds. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo no yog xim av xim av, noj tau thiab muaj ob qho tib si saj thiab txiaj ntsig zoo.

Qee zaum cov hazel feem ntau hu ua hazelnut, tab sis qhov no tsis muaj tseeb. Lub hazelnut yog ntau yam cultivated, thiab nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog ntau loj thiab noj qab haus huv.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 20 hom hazel nyob rau hauv cov xwm, ib txhia yog bushes, thiab lwm yam yog cov ntoo siab txog 30 m nyob rau hauv qhov siab, xws li dais txiv ntoo, loj hlob mus txog 200 xyoo. Thiab lub hazel muaj ntau haiv neeg - ib tsob ntoo ntawm tsev neeg birch - tsis pub tshaj 3 meters nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab ua tib yam cua, tab sis tsis zoo li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li nws cov ntau yam.

Hmeleghornbeam

tsob ntoo no tsis paub zoo nyob hauv Europe, vim nws cov tsiaj loj hlob hauv North America, Nyiv, Asia Minor thiab Caucasus.

Hmeleghornbeam loj hlob mus txog 25 m hauv qhov siab, muaj lub tsev pheeb suab zoo li lub kaus mom, cov tawv tawv xim av thiab cov nplooj zoo sib xws. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, tsuas muaj 4 hom ntoo no:

Virga hop hornbeam (Asmeskas) muaj nyob ntawm txoj kev thiab cov chaw ua si ntawm Kyiv, Moscow thiab St. Petersburg, tab sis yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tsev neeg birch

qub nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg birch
qub nroj tsuag ntawm tsev neeg birch
  • Hnub hop hornbeam nyiam tshav kub, yog li nws loj hlob hauv Caucasus, Mediterranean thiab Asia Minor.
  • Japanese - Tsuas pom nyob rau hauv Suav teb thiab Nyiv.
  • Nolton's hop hlob tsuas yog nyob rau North America, tsis paub nyob rau hauv Europe.

Kev sim cog cov ntoo no hauv thaj chaw uas muaj lub caij ntuj no txias tsis tau tiav.

Ostriopsis

Nov yog ib tug genus ntawm flowering shrubs ib txwm nyob rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. Lawv loj hlob los ntawm 3m mus rau 5m nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab tuaj nyob rau hauv 2 hom:

David's Ostryopsis yog ib tsob ntoo siab 3 m nrog dav ovate nplooj, pubescent tua thiab staminate paj hauv cylindrical catkins

birch tsev neeg yam ntxwv
birch tsev neeg yam ntxwv

Ostriopsis noble - muaj txiv neej thiab poj niam paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov txiv ntoo me me sau rau hauv cov noob

tsob ntoo no tsis paub zoo nyob hauv Europe, yog li koj tsuas pom nws hauv nws lub tebchaws.

Pom zoo: