Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Hluav taws - yog dab tsi? Dab tsi yog pej xeem crafts?
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56
"Craft" yog ib lo lus uas tau hais ntev txog kev ua haujlwm, vim tus neeg nyob. Ntau tus tau hnov cov lus hais tias "kev nuv ntses" lossis "cov khoom siv pej xeem". Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no txhim kho li cas? Cov dej num twg siv rau?
Definition of concept
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "nuv ntses" yog kev rho tawm ib yam dab tsi. Feem ntau nws tau siv los ua ib lub ntsiab lus rau lo lus "cov ntaub ntawv". Nws qhia txog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ib tus neeg, uas tau ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov muaj nyob rau nws. Nws tuaj yeem yog yos hav zoov, nuv ntses, ua raws li kev muag khoom lossis kev sib pauv ntawm cov rho tawm.
Yog li, muaj kev nuv ntses, sib khi, whale thiab lwm yam khoom siv tes ua. Tab sis kev nuv ntses tsis tas mus yos hav zoov. Lo lus hu ua deforestation, mining ntawm minerals, raws li zoo raws li ntau yam crafts, xws li weaving, pottery, ntoo carving, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, lub tswv yim txhais tau hais tias tau txais qhov xwm txheej tau tsim, lossis tsim ib yam dab tsi nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes txhawm rau muab rau koj tus kheej thiab koj tsev neeg.
"Muab ib yam dab tsi" txhais tau tias koom nrog nuv ntses. Tom qab ntawd, cov kab lus tau pib siv rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab nrog rau qhov tsis zoo thiab txhais tau tias koom nrog kev dag lossis qee yam.vile, reprehensible.
Los ntawm khoom siv tes ua rau kev lag luam
Cov khoom qub tshaj plaws yog nuv ntses, beekeeping thiab yos hav zoov. Hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ciaj sia yog whaling, yos hav zoov rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, mos lwj thiab cov tsiaj muaj plaub. Maral cag, ginseng thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag tshuaj, berries thiab nceb tau sau nyob rau hauv Far East. Prospecting los yog kub mining tau ntau thiab nrov. Lawv tau koom nrog kev txiav lub khob, xaws, xaws khaub ncaws, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab tshuab xaws, lawv mined mummy.
Maj mam, qhov ntim ntawm ntau lawm thiab ntau lawm nce. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov nroj tsuag tau tshwm sim, hloov ib phau ntawv ua haujlwm nrog kev tsim tshuab. Lo lus "nuv ntses" tau loj hlob mus rau "kev lag luam". Cov tuam txhab mining loj tau tshwm sim uas koom nrog hauv kev tsuas, roj ntau lawm, thiab lwm yam.
Ntaus tau loj hlob mus rau hauv kev lag luam textile, thiab shoemaking tau loj hlob mus rau hauv shoemaking, carving thiab woodworking tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam rooj tog. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom siv tes ua tseem nyob.
Applied arts
Kab thiab crafts hu ua pej xeem crafts. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev lig kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai thiab feem ntau muaj ib tug nqaim regional cim, tus yam ntxwv tsuas yog rau ib tug tej thaj chaw
Ib qho qub Lavxias teb sab khoom siv tes ua yog Gzhel - xiav xim ntawm cov plooj (porcelain). Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Gzhel volost ntawm lub Moscow xeev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Lwm cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem txoj hauj lwm: Zhostovo tais, Khokhloma, Dymkovo cov khoom ua si, Gorodets ntoo painting, embroidered Pavlosadov shawls thiabua Tula samovars.
Kev ua cov menyuam roj hmab ua zes kuj yog ib qho khoom siv hauv zej zog. Txoj hauj lwm tau nrov ua tsaug rau tus kws kos duab Malyutin, uas tau qhia nws qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition hauv Paris xyoo 1900. Tus menyuam roj hmab khov kho "tso cai" hauv Lavxias kab lis kev cai thiab koom nrog Russia hauv txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Pom zoo:
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Tsheb thauj mus los (Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Nroog Hluav Taws Xob Tsheb thauj mus los ntawm St. Petersburg): keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, tsev khaws khoom khaws cia, sijhawm qhib, tshuaj xyuas
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob yog ib feem ntawm St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise Gorelektrotrans, uas muaj cov khoom pov thawj ntawm nws daim ntawv tshuav nyiaj li cas, qhia txog kev txhim kho hluav taws xob thauj hauv St. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau yog luam ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm trolleybuses thiab trams, uas tau siv ntau hauv lub nroog
Russian pej xeem khoom siv tes ua. Ancient Russian pej xeem crafts. Crafts thiab pej xeem crafts
Txhua lub tebchaws, txhua lub tebchaws muaj nws cov hauv paus thiab nws cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws. Nws tuaj yeem yog hom lus tshwj xeeb, lus dab neeg lossis kev muaj peev xwm ua ib yam dab tsi txawv txawv, qhia txog qhov originality thiab uniqueness ntawm kab lis kev cai. Lavxias teb sab pej xeem khoom siv tes ua yog tus ntsuj plig ntawm peb cov neeg. Nws qhia txog txhua yam xim ntawm lub neej, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev xav. Thaum lub sij hawm Soviet lub sij hawm ntawm industrialization, nws twb relegated mus rau lub keeb kwm yav dhau. Tab sis tam sim no, maj mam ntau thiab ntau tus tswv ntawm Lavxias teb sab tau rov ua qhov no yuav luag tsis nco qab kos duab
First rocket launch into space. Lub foob pob hluav taws tsis ntev los no. Space foob pob hluav taws tso tawm txheeb cais
Hnub no, txhua lub foob pob hluav taws uas tau tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm zoo li ib feem ntawm lub neej paub. Kev txaus siab ntawm ib feem ntawm cov pej xeem hauv nroog, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum nws los txog rau qhov project grandiose rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw lossis muaj xwm txheej loj tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev dhau los, thaum pib ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, txhua lub foob pob hluav taws ua rau tag nrho lub teb chaws khov rau ib ntus. Missiles thiab lawv keeb kwm yuav tau tham nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm
Steppe hluav taws. Txoj kev los tua hluav taws steppe
Hluav taws ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv rau lub ecosystem tag nrho thiab rau txhua yam kab mob nyob hauv nws. Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom hluav taws kub tswj tsis tau. Piv txwv li, txiv neej tsim, teb, hav zoov, peat, steppe hluav taws, nyob rau hauv lub tsev thiab nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsheb
Lub tswv yim ntawm pej xeem zej zog, qauv ntawm pej xeem pej xeem, kev ua haujlwm
Civil society yog ib pawg uas muaj ntau yam kev txhais lus hauv zej zog scientific. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom nws cov haujlwm thiab cov qauv li cas?