"Craft" yog ib lo lus uas tau hais ntev txog kev ua haujlwm, vim tus neeg nyob. Ntau tus tau hnov cov lus hais tias "kev nuv ntses" lossis "cov khoom siv pej xeem". Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no txhim kho li cas? Cov dej num twg siv rau?
Definition of concept
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "nuv ntses" yog kev rho tawm ib yam dab tsi. Feem ntau nws tau siv los ua ib lub ntsiab lus rau lo lus "cov ntaub ntawv". Nws qhia txog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm ib tus neeg, uas tau ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov muaj nyob rau nws. Nws tuaj yeem yog yos hav zoov, nuv ntses, ua raws li kev muag khoom lossis kev sib pauv ntawm cov rho tawm.
Yog li, muaj kev nuv ntses, sib khi, whale thiab lwm yam khoom siv tes ua. Tab sis kev nuv ntses tsis tas mus yos hav zoov. Lo lus hu ua deforestation, mining ntawm minerals, raws li zoo raws li ntau yam crafts, xws li weaving, pottery, ntoo carving, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, lub tswv yim txhais tau hais tias tau txais qhov xwm txheej tau tsim, lossis tsim ib yam dab tsi nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes txhawm rau muab rau koj tus kheej thiab koj tsev neeg.
"Muab ib yam dab tsi" txhais tau tias koom nrog nuv ntses. Tom qab ntawd, cov kab lus tau pib siv rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab nrog rau qhov tsis zoo thiab txhais tau tias koom nrog kev dag lossis qee yam.vile, reprehensible.
Los ntawm khoom siv tes ua rau kev lag luam
Cov khoom qub tshaj plaws yog nuv ntses, beekeeping thiab yos hav zoov. Hauv cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ciaj sia yog whaling, yos hav zoov rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, mos lwj thiab cov tsiaj muaj plaub. Maral cag, ginseng thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag tshuaj, berries thiab nceb tau sau nyob rau hauv Far East. Prospecting los yog kub mining tau ntau thiab nrov. Lawv tau koom nrog kev txiav lub khob, xaws, xaws khaub ncaws, hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab tshuab xaws, lawv mined mummy.
Maj mam, qhov ntim ntawm ntau lawm thiab ntau lawm nce. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov nroj tsuag tau tshwm sim, hloov ib phau ntawv ua haujlwm nrog kev tsim tshuab. Lo lus "nuv ntses" tau loj hlob mus rau "kev lag luam". Cov tuam txhab mining loj tau tshwm sim uas koom nrog hauv kev tsuas, roj ntau lawm, thiab lwm yam.
Ntaus tau loj hlob mus rau hauv kev lag luam textile, thiab shoemaking tau loj hlob mus rau hauv shoemaking, carving thiab woodworking tau tshwm sim hauv kev lag luam rooj tog. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov khoom siv tes ua tseem nyob.
Applied arts
Kab thiab crafts hu ua pej xeem crafts. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev lig kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai thiab feem ntau muaj ib tug nqaim regional cim, tus yam ntxwv tsuas yog rau ib tug tej thaj chaw
Ib qho qub Lavxias teb sab khoom siv tes ua yog Gzhel - xiav xim ntawm cov plooj (porcelain). Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Gzhel volost ntawm lub Moscow xeev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th. Lwm cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem txoj hauj lwm: Zhostovo tais, Khokhloma, Dymkovo cov khoom ua si, Gorodets ntoo painting, embroidered Pavlosadov shawls thiabua Tula samovars.
Kev ua cov menyuam roj hmab ua zes kuj yog ib qho khoom siv hauv zej zog. Txoj hauj lwm tau nrov ua tsaug rau tus kws kos duab Malyutin, uas tau qhia nws qhov kev tsim tawm ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Exhibition hauv Paris xyoo 1900. Tus menyuam roj hmab khov kho "tso cai" hauv Lavxias kab lis kev cai thiab koom nrog Russia hauv txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.
