Hmoob yog peb txoj kev nplua nuj! Qhov tseem ceeb, kev txuag thiab kev tiv thaiv hav zoov. Hav zoov ntawm Russia

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Txawm tias nyob rau hauv USSR, muaj cov lus hais tias "Paj Hav Zoov yog peb txoj kev nplua nuj" lossis "Tiv thaiv hav zoov". Tseeb tiag, nws yog ib qho khoom siv ntoo uas tuaj yeem siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Qhov no suav nrog roj, khoom siv hauv tsev, ntawv tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam haujlwm ntawm tib neeg. Thiab yog tias koj kho cov peev txheej no kom zoo thiab kev lag luam, koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig nyiaj txiag ntau thiab txhim kho ecology ntawm tag nrho lub tebchaws.

Nej hav zoov yog dab tsi?

Ib lub hav zoov los ntawm thaj chaw thiab kev lom zem ntawm qhov pom yog thaj tsam loj ntawm thaj av, overgrown nrog ntoo, shrubs nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag. Cov hav zoov ntawm Russia nyob txog 850 lab hectares ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam (1712518700 hectares - thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev).

Ntxhais hav zoov yog ib qho ecosystem, uas yog ib qho kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kab mob nyob thiab tsis muaj sia nyob. Cov qub suav nrog tag nrho cov nroj tsuag, kab mob thiab cov tsiaj qus. Qhov thib ob - huab cua, dej thiab av. Thiab cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hav zoov, nws cov tsiaj thiab fauna nyob ntawm lub inanimate tivthaiv (abiotic).

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm hav zoov hauv xwm

YogYav dhau los, hav zoov cog qoob loo tau kho yooj yim raws li cov neeg siv khoom, tab sis hnub no qhov xwm txheej txawv me ntsis. Ntau cov duab los ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv tau pib nkag siab tias hav zoov yog peb txoj kev nplua nuj, thiab pib hu rau kev siv nws ntau dua. Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig yog raws li hauv qab no:

• Koom nrog lub voj voog dej thiab tuav dej sib npaug.
• Kev tsim av npog.
• Kev muaj hav zoov ua rau muaj huab cua thiab huab cua.
• Ntxhais hav zoov txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide hauv huab cua, yog li txo cov nyhuv tsev cog khoom.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm hav zoov hauv kev lag luam hauv xeev

Txawm tias nyob rau hnub Kievan Rus, hav zoov tseem ceeb heev. Peb cov kev nplua nuj nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev los siv nws. Piv txwv li, qhov no:

• khoom noj tsiaj thiab zaub;
• khoom tsim;
• roj qhov chaw (ntoo, charcoal, biofuel);
• raw cov ntaub ntawv rau kev lag luam xws li pulp thiab ntawv, tshuaj, woodworking;
• khoom noj rau tsiaj.

Ntsuab cog ntoo - ob qho tib si ntawm tus kheej thiab tswj tau - muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Lub hav zoov muaj peev xwm hloov tau qee qhov kev ua qias tuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog atmospheric. Coniferous, birch thiab linden hav zoov muaj cov khoom no mus rau qhov loj tshaj plaws. Lawv nqus plua plav thiab muaj kuab paug zoo heev, uas yog vim li cas cov nroog tau cog ntoo hauv cov chaw ua si lossis groves. Phytoncides secreted los ntawm qee cov tsiajntoo, txhawb kev kho mob. Yog li ntawd, ib tug yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias hav zoov yog peb cov khoom muaj nqis, thiab siv nws kom zoo thiab rationally.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsob ntoo tsis ruaj khov

Txawm hais tias hav zoov yog qhov tsim kho tus kheej thiab kho tus kheej, nws xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam kev puas tsuaj. Qhov no yog vim lub sij hawm ntev irrational siv ntoo thiab muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate tus nqi ntawm hav zoov. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias nws lub luag hauj lwm tsis tau txhais tau ntev tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qee thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Kev ua hav zoov ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Aral ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws. Vim yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntoo, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov dej voj voog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas nyob ib sab thiab ntawm lub pas dej nws tus kheej tau cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, evaporation nce ntxiv thiab txawm tias cov dej tsis tswj tau rau kev siv dej ntawm cov av ua liaj ua teb. Hiav txwv Aral tau nqhis heev ua rau nws tawg ua ob lub pas dej.

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm ntoo raws ntug dej hiav txwv Volga coj mus rau qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. Tus dej tau dhau los ua qhov ntiav heev uas cov nkoj uas muaj qhov sib sib zog nqus tsis tuaj yeem hla txoj kev ncaj ncees. Kev cog qoob loo loj ntawm hav zoov yog xav tau kom nyob rau hauv ob peb lub xyoo caum qib ntawm ecological kev puas tsuaj yuav txo. Tej zaum tom qab ntawd cov dej yuav nce me ntsis.

Txoj hav zoov ntawm Russia thiab lawv kev tiv thaiv

Vim ntoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab cuam tshuam rau cov xwm txheej hauv zej zog, lawv yuav tsum tau ceev faj kho thiab tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv Russia, rau lawv kev tiv thaiv,Tsoom fwv cov cai tswj kev siv thaj chaw hav zoov, nrog rau kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho dua tshiab.

Raws li "Txoj Cai Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig", Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Lavxias Federation, Forest Code, Civil Code, UN tshaj tawm thiab lwm yam kev cai, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv hav zoov yog ua los ntawm kev saib xyuas, tsim thiab tswj hav zoov cadastre, tsim hav zoov. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no thiab lawv lub koom haum tsim nyog ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov peev txheej ntuj tsim nyog. Forestry tau txais qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - nrog rau lawv txoj kev pab, ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam txog kev tiv thaiv ntoo thiab lwm qhov chaw ntsuab raug daws.

Txoj hav zoov ntawm Russia xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab hwm. Lub cev tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov no yog hav zoov. Nws muaj cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• tiv thaiv hav zoov cog qoob loo los ntawm kev txiav tsis raug cai;
• tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kab tsuag;
• kev tshem tawm cov ntoo qhuav kom txo tau qhov hluav taws kub;
• kev nyab xeeb hluav taws;
• tiv thaiv fauna los ntawm kev tua neeg;

Cov kev ntsuas no tso cai rau khaws cia ntau thiab zoo ntawm cov hav zoov ntawm Russia. Forestry tuam txhab muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov ntoo ntawm txhua ntau yam los ntawm kev txiav thiab cog cov noob, yog li khaws cov hav zoov hauv nws daim ntawv qub. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tswj hwm zoo li no, qee cov ntoo yuav hloov tau lwm tus yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, nrog rau cov tsiaj txhu thiab lwm tus.zaub ntiaj teb. Tsuas yog txhua yam kev ntsuas yuav cawm tau hav zoov. Peb cov nyiaj yuav tsum nce, tsis txo qis txhua xyoo.

Hmoob hav zoov thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws

Txawm tias muaj coob tus nkag siab tias hav zoov yog peb cov khoom muaj nqis, thiab nws yuav tsum tiv thaiv, hluav taws tseem yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj. Hav zoov hluav taws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm huab cua tsis tshua muaj av, qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis muaj nag lossis daus rau lub sijhawm ntev. Hluav taws kub ceev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cua muaj zog. Txawm hais tias tau txais kev cai lij choj, cov khoom siv hauv paus rau kev siv cov kev ntsuas tag nrho rau kev tiv thaiv thiab tua hluav taws tsis muaj zog heev.

Qhov kev tsis txaus no yog pov thawj los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub uas tau cuam tshuam rau Russia cov hav zoov thiab txawm tias thaj chaw. Xyoo 2014, hluav taws kub nyhiab tau tshwm sim heev uas nyob rau lub Rau Hli muaj kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb los hloov cov cai tswj xyuas kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab hluav taws kub hauv Transbaikalia (Lub Plaub Hlis 2014), Amur (Lub Plaub Hlis 2014) thiab cheeb tsam Irkutsk. Hauv ntau thaj chaw, kev tswj hwm xwm txheej ceev tau raug qhia thiab cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig raug txwv tsis pub nkag mus hauv hav zoov.

Tej zaum yav tom ntej, cov cuab yeej siv thiab thev naus laus zis yuav pab tiv thaiv hluav taws hauv hav zoov, tab sis niaj hnub no thaj tsam ntawm cov hav zoov uas muaj hluav taws kub hnyiab tau nce ntxiv. Thaum tag nrho cov pej xeem kho cov ntoo kom zoo dua, cov khoom siv puv ntoob thiab cov txheej txheem yuav raug tsim, ces kev tiv thaivyuav ua tau zoo dua.