Tatar ornament as a manifestation of culture

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Cov neeg Tatar muaj kab lis kev cai qub thiab muaj yeeb yuj. Nws txoj kev ua neej, kev tu siab thiab kev xyiv fab, kev tsov kev rog thiab kev sib koom ua ke, txoj kev ntawm lub neej, kev ntseeg tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau hauv nws txoj haujlwm. Txij li thaum cov neeg yog ancient, keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai rov qab mus rau ntau pua xyoo. Hauv nws txoj kev ua neej thiab kev xav hauv ntiaj teb, lub teb chaws txawv ntawm cov pab pawg neeg uas nyob ze thiab nyob ib leeg. Yog li, piv txwv li, Tatar ornament siv los kho cov khaub ncaws, khoom siv hauv tsev, lub tsev yog qhov qub thiab qub.

Hom khoom ornament thiab hom motifs

Txoj kev ntawm tib neeg lub neej cuam tshuam rau cov qauv uas dai kom zoo nkauj ntau yam khoom. Cov feem ntau ntawm Tatar lub teb chaws ornament muaj ib tug pronounced cawv ntawm ancient ua liaj ua teb. Tab sis yog tias koj ua tib zoo kawm txog tej hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv, koj pom tau hais tias lub hwj chim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm pastoralism ntawm nomadic cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg kuj tshwm sim.

Tatar qauv thiab ornaments muaj peb hom motifs: geometric, floralzaub thiab zoomorphic. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog lawv contour tiav.

paj thiab paj thiab nws siv

Cov qauv tau siv los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm los ntawm lub sijhawm tsis nco txog hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev kos duab: architecture, paj ntaub, pleev xim, ntoo carving. Tatar ornament nrog floral thiab floral motifs yog qhov feem ntau. Masters tsim ob daim ntawv yooj yim thiab complex bouquets. Cov xim uas siv rau ornamentation yog ci, nplua nuj thiab sib tov zoo. Cov motifs yog stylized thiab muaj ntau yam txhais. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv nyob thiab yuav ua li cas lawv ua ke nrog ib leeg.

Muaj peb cov lus qhia hauv paj thiab zaub motifs siv rau kev muaj tswv yim: steppe, meadow thiab vaj. Nyob ntawm thaj chaw uas tus tswv lossis cov kws ua haujlwm ua haujlwm nyob, qee cov qauv Tatar thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj tau yeej. Rau cov kev taw qhia steppe, motifs depicting stylized poppies, tulips, tsis nco qab-kuv-nots, thiab carnations yog ntau yam ntxwv. Meadow motifs yog tag nrho ntawm cov paj ntawm qus sawv, bluebell, chamomile, cornflowers. Lub vaj cov lus qhia tau zoo rau kev nyob hauv nroog. Cov duab feem ntau yog dahlias, chrysanthemums, roses, asters. Feem ntau yog ob lub paj uas Tatar ornament siv. Tulip thiab carnation yog lub ntsiab motifs.

Geometric thiab zoomorphic motifs

Zoomorphic kos duab yuav luag tsis siv. Qhov no tau piav qhiacov kev cai ntawm kev ntseeg, yog li ntawd lub Tatar ornament tsis tshua muaj dluab ntawm cov tsiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, craftsmen uas tseem txiav txim siab rau zoomorphic motifs nyob rau hauv lawv cov khoom stylize lawv ntau heev uas nws tsis yog ib txwm muaj peev xwm to taub dab tsi yog depicted.

Ntau zaus, geometric Tatar ornament tsis yog ib qho kev ywj pheej ntawm cov khoom, tab sis ua haujlwm pabcuam. Kev siv cov duab nyob ntawm seb daim duab siv rau dab tsi. Piv txwv li, weaving yog dominated los ntawm geometric motifs, thaum paj ntaub yog dominated los ntawm paj motifs teem nrog geometric precision.

Khoom siv hauv cov khoom dai. Lawv muaj peev xwm. Cov tswv yim hloov lub tswv yim ntawm tus tswv

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau yuav ua li cas cov tulip siv nyob rau hauv lub Tatar ornament. Nws yog nthuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug taw tes trefoil nrog txawv degrees ntawm curvature. Tsawg dua yog quinquefoils. Cov kab hauv qab txhais tes ntawm tus tswv yog overgrown nrog nplooj thiab tsim "vine".

Ntawm ib ceg tuaj yeem muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab me me, thiab dahlias, thiab cloves. Lub Tatar ornament nrog geometric motifs siv ob qho tib si duab (daim duab peb sab, rhombuses, voj voog, squares) thiab complex ones (hexagonal rosettes, stepped figures, yim-taw hnub qub).

Floral ornament muaj lwm qhov tshwj xeeb - qhov asymmetry ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Ntawm ib ceg, paj sib koom ua ke zoo kawg nkaus, uas nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm ib sab lossis tawg rau ntau lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm tulip hauv kab lis kev cai thiab khoom zoo nkauj

Txhua haiv neegmuaj nws tus kheej lub cim, uas muaj lub ntsiab lus rau nws xwb. Ntau tus tswv siv lub Tatar ornament, uas lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tulip. Rau cov neeg no, nws yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub cim ntawm rebirth. Lub tulip nyob ntawm tus chij ntawm Tatarstan.

Thib ob, tulip yog inextricably txuas nrog kev ntseeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb Muslim. Lub paj yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Allah. Kev sau ntawm lub npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv Arabic muaj tib cov tsiaj ntawv raws li lub npe ntawm tus vaj tswv ntawm lub ntiaj teb Muslim. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm Abaj lub numerological system (txhua tsab ntawv muaj nws tus lej), cov lej ntawm cov ntawv hauv lo lus "tulip" thiab "Allah" yog tib yam thiab sib npaug 66.

Rose feem ntau tshwm sim hauv Tatar ornaments. Thiab dua rau kev cai dab qhuas: nws yog ib lub cim ntawm tus yaj saub Muhammad. Thiab txawm hais tias cov paj zoo nkauj heev, tus neeg uas nkag siab txog cov cim thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg Tatar yuav muaj peev xwm nyeem Tatar ornament.