Kev zoo nkauj rov qab rau hauv kev zam. Tab sis koj puas tau xav tias los ntawm kev hnav cov khoom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab geometric, paj lossis anthropomorphic rov ua qauv, koj xav qhia qee yam rau lwm tus?
Dab tsi yog ornament
Txawm tias ua ntej qhov pib ntawm kev sau ntawv, tib neeg paub yuav ua li cas encode cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv tau ua nws nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub ornament.
Dab tsi yog ornament?
Lo lus los ntawm Latin ornemantum - "décor". Ib qho ornament yog ib qho qauv raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus.
Cov qauv no tau siv rau ntau yam khoom. Nws tuaj yeem yog:
- khoom siv hauv tsev xws li tais diav;
- riam phom;
- khaub ncaws;
- khoom siv textile (phuam, pam, thiab lwm yam);
- architectural structures (sab hauv thiab sab nraud).
Cov neeg thaum ub tau siv cov khoom zoo nkauj rau lawv lub cev (tus qauv ntawm kev tattooing niaj hnub no).
Tab sis lub hom phiaj ntawm ornament tsis yog txhua yam los kho cov khoom. Nws tau muab lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tiv thaiv los ntawm kev phem rog thiab dab.
Kev faib tawm
Muaj plaub hom kev ornament:
- Geometric, suav nrog cov duab - lub voj voog, kauv, dots, kab, rhombuses, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm ornament thiab keeb kwm hauv Paleolithic era.
- Zaub, uas muaj cov duab rov qab ntawm cov ceg, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis tag nrho cov nroj tsuag.
- Nyob hauv zoomorphic, cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj (mythical los yog tiag) alternate.
- Lub anthropomorphic ornament muaj cov duab qhia txog tib neeg lossis demi-humans.
Qee lub sij hawm kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv teratological, uas yog, cov duab ntawm cov khoom kab lis kev cai, lub cev xilethi-aus. Tab sis kab lus no tau mob siab rau tshwj xeeb rau anthropomorphic ornament. Yog li, cia peb pib piav qhia nws.
Anthropomorphic ornament: nta
Peb twb pom lawm hais tias hom ornaments no txhais tau hais tias tus neeg lossis cov tsiaj zoo li tib neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub ntsiab lus yuav txawv raws li qhov tseeb thiab qhov twg nws tau piav qhia.
Anthropomorphic ornament muab faib ua 2 yam:
- archaic, xav txog cov tswv yim qub mythological;
- tsev neeg, lossis ib hom ntawv.
Qhov Tsis Paub ntawm Shigir Idol
Tus piv txwv ci ntsa iab tshaj plaws ntawm anthropomorphic archaic ornament yog tus qauv ntawm lub cev ntawm tus mlom Shigir.
Tus mlom ntoo qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no tseem zais ntau qhov tsis meej uas cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom sim daws.
Nws zoo nkauj khaws cia rau nws hnub nyoog (kwv yees li 9,000 xyoo). Peat ua raws li "preservative". Vaj tswv retrieveLos ntawm ib tug peat bog nyob rau hauv 1890, thaum kub miners es tsis txhob ntawm cov hlau xav tau pom thaum ub bronze thiab pob txha cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub bog thiab qhia qhov no rau archaeologists.
Hnub no tus mlom khaws cia hauv Sverdlovsk Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lore.
Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv Mesolithic era, kwv yees li 8680 xyoo dhau los, los ntawm ib lub pob tw.
Version of origin
Lub cev ntawm tus vajtswv yog npog nrog cov qauv geometric ntawm txhua sab. Ntxiv rau nws, kuj muaj cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lawv kuj sawv cev ib yam dab tsi zoo li ib tug anthropomorphic ornament: xya daim duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntev ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub cev.
Tsim ib lub ornament ib txwm cim ib yam dab tsi, yog li cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib nthuav tawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm geometric thiab anthropomorphic ornament ntawm lub cev ntawm tus mlom.
Raws li ib qho version, nws tsis piav txog anthropomorphic ornament - nws yog daim ntawv qhia hnub hli. Xya lub ntsej muag - xya hnub ntawm theem ntawm lub hli, uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Sumerian daim ntawv qhia hnub qub. Thiab Vajtswv yog tus personification ntawm lub hli.
Raws li lwm yam, Shigir mlom yog tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev tuag Mara. Lo lus "Mara" tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Vajtswv ib zaug, thiab cov ntawv sau "vajtswv ntawm lub neej tom qab" raug nyeem ntawm sab laug sab laug.
Khoom plig rau lub ntiaj teb
Ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm tsev neeg ornament yog tus qauv ntawm cov tais diav.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm anthropomorphic ornaments ntawm av nplaum, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias, piv txwv li, lub nkoj av nplaum.faib cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thaum ub thiab cov kws qhia ua vaj zaub ua peb ntu, lossis ib cheeb tsam, ntsug:
- sky;
- lub ntiaj teb;
Cov khoom dai feem ntau nyob hauv ob theem, uas ua cim kev sib raug zoo ntawm "peb", tib neeg ntiaj teb, nrog lub ntuj lossis nrog lub qhov taub.
Ntau lub nkoj thaum ntxov muaj cov duab ntawm "txoj kev" ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj txhu lossis tsiaj txhu hauv tib qho kev coj.
Piv txwv li, sab hauv ntawm cov tais diav ntawm cov tswv ntawm Samarra kab lis kev cai yog nyob los ntawm cov duab ntawm anthropomorphic creatures, noog, mos lwj, ntses thiab scorpions, ncig los ntawm cov dej ntws.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm daim duab, cov khoom lag luam anthropomorphic rau ntawm cov tais diav nrog cov duab ntawm "processions" tuaj yeem tso saib ua las voos thiab ua las voos.
Archaic anthropomorphic ornament ntawm cov Slavs
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm hom archaic nrog cov cim anthropomorphic muaj npe vim tias lawv khaws cov tswv yim ntawm yav dhau los nyob deb, uas tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe, tsis muaj duab meej.
Lub archaic anthropomorphic ornament ntawm Slavs tau nthuav tawm hauv cov ntawv sau hauv qab no:
- Pavas. Plots nrog anthropomorphic creatures thiab peahens feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv paj ntaub nyob rau hauv ntau yam compositions. Ib qho zoo sib xws anthropomorphic ornament nyob rau hauv lub sawb feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntawm cov phuam da dej.
- Nab thiab qav. Serpentine ornaments feem ntau intertwined nrog anthropomorphic daim duab thiab feem ntau nrog swans ntawm Solvychegoda headdresses.
- Ntawm paj ntaub ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qaum teb, hauvtshwj xeeb, Kargopol, muaj cov duab ntawm mermaids. Lawv zoo li cov neeg nuv ntses hauv zos xav tias lawv yog.
- Cov noog nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm Virgin Sirina - dai lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj xauv, lub hauv siab, lub log tig, lub kaus mom, phuam. Lub heroines ntawm ancient legends smoothly tsiv los ntawm qhov ncauj pej xeem kos duab. Thiab cov ntawv luam nrov ntawm 17th-18th centuries tau ua piv txwv meej.
- Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg qub kuj muaj cov duab ntawm cov neeg uas zoo li mlom. Qee lub sij hawm lawv raug tsim los ntawm cov noog, rosettes lossis pob zeb diamond, lossis lwm yam tsiaj txhu muaj nyob hauv cov khoom xyaw.
- Poj niam daim duab nrog cov neeg caij tsheb - ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv Lavxias sab qaum teb. Cov duab zoo li no zoo ib yam li kev kos duab ntau dua li ib qho ornament. Ib tug poj niam feem ntau tuav nees ntawm nws, thiab cov neeg caij tsheb zoo li hneev ua ntej lub hwj chim ntawm Vajtswv. Lub taub hau ntawm ob tus poj niam thiab cov neeg caij nees tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rhombus, thiab lawv tsuas tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm lawv cov khaub ncaws thiab plaub hau, uas tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb, lawv tau piav qhia hauv daim duab rays.
- Nyob hauv Tver, Novgorod, Pskov, Petersburg, Olonets xeev ntawm ntau zaus, muaj motifs ntawm paj ntaub nrog ib tug poj niam los yog ib tsob ntoo (thiab lawv yog interchangeable).
- Ib tug poj niam daim duab nyob rau hauv ib lub tsho zoo li lub tswb nrog ib tug noog nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes yog pom nyob rau hauv embroideries nyob rau hauv ntau lub cheeb tsam - los ntawm Pskov mus rau Arkhangelsk xeev. Kuj tseem muaj cov duab nrog daim iav tsom iav lossis los ntawm ob peb daim duab.
- Txiv neej cov duab hauv cov khoom dai yog cov neeg caij tsheb feem ntau, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis yog tsuas yog ua cov ncej rau cov poj niam hauv nruab nrab xwb, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nyias.
- Dhau li ntawm cov neeg caij nees kuj muajtxiv neej cov duab tsis muaj nees. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Olonets thiab Petersburg lub xeev muaj dluab ntawm cov txiv neej cov duab nrog twigs nyob rau hauv lawv txhais tes thiab headdresses nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug conical cap thiab lub kaus mom qis.
Tsev neeg ornament ntawm cov khoom ntawm Slavs
Nyob rau hauv txhua hnub kev kawm, anthropomorphic ornament pib siv nyob rau hauv lub 17-18 centuries. Xws li motifs adorned valances thiab phuam, qee zaum khaub ncaws thiab kaus mom. Cov dab neeg twg tau nthuav tawm rau lawv:
- Cov duab ntawm lub neej niaj hnub ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov pejxeem.
- Lub tsev hais plaub - kev ua koob tsheej lossis ua yeeb yam nrog cov duab ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cov cim (tus kws ntaus nkauj ua suab paj nruag, ntaus suab paj nruag, seev cev ua las voos, cov qhua hauv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg), nrog rau cov tsheb thauj khoom thiab nkoj caij nkoj uas cov qhua tuaj txog. Cov duab zoo li no raug rau St. Petersburg.
- Cov phiaj xwm cuam tshuam nrog lub neej qub txeeg qub teg tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm thaj chaw ua si thiab cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj.
- Ib yam uas nyiam tshaj yog kab tshoob. Xws li ib lub ornament tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm ob daim duab, txiv neej thiab poj niam, tuav tes, nrog rau lub tshoob cortege nrog ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, qhov twg cov tub ntxhais hluas yog "sib yuav". Cov duab zoo li no tau pom nyob rau ntawm valances npaj rau dai lub txaj ntawm newlyweds.
- Txhua hnub ntawm cov phuam da dej sib txawv, tab sis lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog ib tus txiv neej: ib tug hluas nkauj, ib tug tub rog, ib tug poj niam nrog lub kaus, thiab lwm yam. Ib tug nyiam motif yog ib puag ncig los yog seev cev.
Nkauj qhuas tus neeg tsis yogmuaj ntau lub ntsiab lus zais cia li, piv txwv li, geometric. Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis ua rau nws tsis txaus ntseeg. Peb vam tias koj yuav ntseeg qhov no.
