Xyoo 1988, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet Union tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus uas lawv tau cog lus tias yuav tshem tawm cov cuaj luaj luv luv thiab nruab nrab. Lub sijhawm ntawd, USSR muaj ntau lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws uas poob rau hauv cov kev txwv no. Ntawm lawv yog Pioneer lub tswv yim missile system. Tau kawg, nws yog qhov tshiab heev, txij li nws tau pib siv tsuas yog nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1970s, txawm li cas los xij nws raug pov tseg. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, tsim thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Pioneer missile system muaj nyob rau hauv kab lus no.
Introduction
Pioneer missile system nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev qhia tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas GRAU 15P645 RSD-10. Hauv NATO thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas nws raug cais raws li mod.1 Saber SS-20, uas txhais tau tias "saber" hauv Lavxias. Nws yog mobile av missile system(PGRK), siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ob-theem ballistic missile 15Zh45 nruab nrab. Tsim los ntawm Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT). Pioneer missile system tau ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 1976.
keeb kwm me ntsis
In the 1950s nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, foob pob ua ntxaij science, raws li cov kws txawj, tau ua nyob rau hauv lub "kua" kev taw qhia. Nws tsuas yog thaum Lub Xya Hli 1959 uas Tsab Cai No. 839-379 tau tshaj tawm, raws li nws tau txiav txim siab los refuel deg-to-surface missile systems nrog roj. Tus thawj coj ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no, nrog rau kev daws teeb meem nws tus kheej, yog Ustinov DF Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb-kev lag luam teeb meem.
Nws tau npaj los tsim cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm-tactical tshiab, tsim los rau lub davhlau ntau ntawm 600 km, lub tswv yim (2,500 km) thiab intercontinental (10,000 km), uas yuav khiav ntawm roj. Xyoo 1961, Soyuz Research Institute of Chemical Technology (NIHTI) tau tsim ib daim ntawv qhia rau cov roj sib tov. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, thawj lub teb chaws cov khoom siv-roj complex "Temp-S" (SS-12) tau tsim, siv lub ballistic missile coj mus rau thaj tsam ntawm 900 km. Xyoo 1972, kev tsim ua ntej ntawm Temp-2S complex (SS-16) tau npaj txhij, thiab xyoo 1974 PGRK nws tus kheej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "Temp-2S" uas Pioneer missile system tau ua (duab ntawm no PGRK - hauv qab no).
Hais txog kev tsim ntawm SS-20
Kev tsim ntawm Pioneer missile system pib hauv 1971 ntawm MIT. Cov txheej txheem tau saib xyuas los ntawm Nadiradze AD Cov engineers yogLub luag haujlwm tau teeb tsa - txhawm rau txhim kho lub foob pob hluav taws xob nruab nrab tshiab, los ntawm qhov uas nws tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb mus txog 5 txhiab km. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim qauv tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom seem ntawm lub complex. Piv txwv li, saum lub xov tooj ntawm tes launcher, uas tau npaj yuav muab tso rau ntawm lub log chassis. Txhawm rau pab txhawb cov txheej txheem, cov engineers siv Temp-2S intercontinental missile ua lub hauv paus. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua los ntawm MIT cov neeg ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koom haum xws li NPO Soyuz thiab Central Design Bureau Titan tau koom tes hauv kev tsim Pioneer missile system. Vim tias qee cov ntsiab lus tau txais qiv los ntawm SS-16 qhov project, kev tsim kho ntawm txoj haujlwm tshiab tau npaj ua tiav xyoo 1974
About test
Lub Pioneer RSD-10 missile system pib sim nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 1974. Thaum lub sij hawm sim, qee lub ntsiab lus tau raug kho kom zoo, tom qab ntawd lawv tau kuaj xyuas dua. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws siv sijhawm yuav luag ob xyoos. Thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1976, cov neeg tsim qauv Soviet tau tshaj tawm rau Lub Xeev Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas txog kev ua tiav txoj haujlwm tiav. Tom qab kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj, qhov tshiab 16P645 missile system nkag mus rau kev pab cuam nrog lub Strategic Missile Forces.
About the launcher
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm Pioneer missile system yog sawv cev los ntawm 15Zh45 ballistic missile thiab 15U106 tus kheej-propelled launcher. Vim qhov kev tsim vaj tsev no, nrog kev pab los ntawm PGRK, nws muaj peev xwm mus saib xyuas ntawm qhov deb ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab tau txais kev txiav txim, tso lub foob pob hluav taws hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Tus kheej-propelled launcher yogtsim los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Volgograd Central Design Bureau "Titan". Cov kws tsim khoom siv MAZ-547V chassis ua lub hauv paus rau lub tsheb, uas muaj lub log ntawm 12 x 12.
15U106 tau dhau los ua ntau dua 19 m ntev, thiab hnyav 80 tons (yog tias lub thawv thauj thiab xa tawm thiab lub foob pob hluav taws tau teeb tsa rau ntawm nws). Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub cav V-38 diesel, tsim rau 650 horsepower, ua rau nws ua tau kom ceev lub installation mus rau 40 km / s ntawm txoj kev tiaj. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, 15U106 muaj peev xwm nce mus txog 15 degrees, peb-meter kwj dej, hla dej thaiv yog tias qhov tob tsis tshaj 1.1 m. lub tsheb tau nruab nrog lub tshuab nqa. Nws tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm hydraulic actuators.
ABOUT TPK
Raws li cov khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom thauj thiab tso lub thawv 15Y107, engineers siv fiberglass. Txhawm rau ua kom TPK muaj zog, nws tau ntxiv dag zog nrog titanium rings. Lub thawv muaj ntau txheej txheej, uas yog, ob lub tog raj kheej fiberglass tau sib cais los ntawm cov txheej txheem cua sov. Qhov ntev ntawm TPK tig tawm tsis pub dhau 19 m. Ib lub npog hemispherical tau txuas rau pem hauv ntej (sab sauv) kawg nrog pyrobolts. Rau lub mortar tso ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, lub rear (qis) kawg ntawm lub thawv tau nruab nrog PAD lub cev (hmoov siab accumulator).
Lub complex ua haujlwm li cas?
Xav tua foob pob hluav tawsPioneer siv txoj kev txias. Hauv qab ntawm lub thawv tau ua tiav nrog cov hmoov nplej, vim yog qhov sib xyaw uas lub foob pob hluav taws tau tawm ntawm TPK. Hauv kev sib zog los txhim kho tus qauv tsim, cov kws tsim khoom tau txiav txim siab los ua ke cov roj teeb hmoov nrog cov khoom sib cais cylindrical. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb tau txais lub iav retractable hauv lub thawv. Thaum lub foob pob hluav taws tau tso tawm, cov hmoov av tau ua rau nws thiab ntawm "iav". Yog li ntawd, nws tau poob rau hauv av, yog li tsim ib qho kev txhawb nqa ntxiv rau tag nrho cov thauj thiab tso lub thawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no tau ua lwm txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug txawv txav combustion ntawm tus nqi, uas yuav ua mob rau lub foob pob ua ntxaij, lub siab nyob rau hauv lub thawv tau tso tawm los ntawm "iav". Lub foob pob hluav taws tau tuav hauv TPK los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kev txhawb nqa-kev siv lub cev (OVP), uas kuj tau siv los ua obturator. Tom qab lub foob pob hluav taws tau tawm mus, cov hlua no raug tua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tau tawg mus rau sab ntawm qhov kev ncua deb mus txog 170 m. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, vim tias qhov tshwj xeeb no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua ib pab pawg tso rau ntawm ib qhov chaw. Txwv tsis pub, qhov pib PGRK yuav ua rau cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig puas tsuaj.
About rocket
"Pioneer" launched ob lub peb hlis ntuj ballistic missiles 15Zh45. Nyob rau hauv nws tsim muaj dilution theem thiab ib tug ntsuas compartment. Qhov ntev ntawm thawj theem yog 8.5 m. Nws hnyav 26.6 tons. Nws tau nrog lub cav 15D66 cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv lub tsev fiberglass, khiav ntawm cov roj sib xyaw. Txhawm rau txo qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws, cov engineers me ntsis poob dej lub nozzle ntawm lub hwj chim unit rau hauv lub cev. Cav tsavgas-jet rudders, rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws kub-resistant tau siv. Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws muaj cov lattice thiab aerodynamic rudders, nrog rau cov roj-dav hlau uas txuas nrog. Qhov thib ob theem raws li ib feem ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 4.6 m, hnyav 8.6 tons, ib tug 15D205 solid-propellant engine tau muab tso rau hauv nws. Txhawm rau hloov lub davhlau ntau yam, cov kws ua haujlwm tau nruab rau theem thib ob txhawb nqa nrog lub tshuab txiav txiav.
Cov kab ke no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov kws tshaj lij tau txiav txim siab tsis qiv los ntawm Temp-2S qhov project, tab sis tsim nws los ntawm kos. Ib yam li thawj zaug, theem no kuj tau tswj los ntawm cov roj rudders. Plaub 15D69P cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau siv nyob rau hauv kev yug me nyuam. Qhov chaw ntawm lub zog me me no yog sab saum toj ntawm lub taub hau, uas tau siv rau hauv 15Zh45 ua cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua.
Muaj tag nrho peb. Lub zog ntawm ib tug mus txog 150 kt. Missile nrog ncig qhov sib txawv (CEP) tsis tshaj 550 m.
TTX
Lub Pioneer complex muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- hom yog lub foob pob hluav taws xob nruab nrab.
- Firing raug qhov taw qhia (KVO) yog 0.55 km.
- Range - mus txog 5 txhiab m.
- foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm thaj chaw qhib thiab los ntawm cov qauv tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb "Krona".
- Zoo ntawm kev ntaus - 98%.
Composition
PGRK ua tiav:
- Chaw nres tsheb thiab mobile hais kom xa nrogtxhais tau tias ntawm kev sib txuas lus thiab tswj.
- Peb lub foob pob hluav taws los ntawm peb pawg.
- Tsheb.
- Ib qho chaw nyob ruaj ruaj uas muaj lub tsev tua hluav taws. Qhov no tau ua kom muaj lub luag haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm PGRK, npaj rau kev tshaj tawm.
Hais txog kev hloov kho
RSD-10 "Pioneer" ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov chaw tshiab. Cov kws tsim qauv tsim PGRK 15P656 Gorn. Nws siv 15Zh56 ua lub foob pob hluav taws hais kom ua. Yav dhau los, Pioneer-UTTKh missile system nrog 15Zh53 missile tau tsim. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nws tau txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tus qauv, nws xyaum tsis txawv ntawm 15Ж45.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm thiab chav sib sau ua ke tau hloov pauv hauv nws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, CEP yog 450 m, thiab qhov dav hlau dav dav tau nce mus rau 5,500 km.
