Cov txheej txheem:
- History
- Failure of South kwj
- Kev sib tham tshiab
- Turkish kwj: route
- Gas pipeline yam ntxwv
- Russian gas zoo
- Ntawm Teebmeem
Video: TurkStream tuag? Keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55
"Turkish kwj" yog lub npe ua haujlwm ntawm cov kav dej xa hluav taws xob los ntawm Lavxias Federation mus rau Qaib Cov Txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub. Thawj thawj zaug, Lavxias Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin tshaj tawm nws txoj kev tsim kho thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 2014, thaum mus ntsib lub xeev Ankara. Qhov project no tau tshwm sim es tsis txhob tso tseg yav dhau los South Stream. Tseem tsis tau xaiv lub npe ntawm cov kav dej tshiab.
History
thawj qhov kev thauj mus los ntawm cov roj av ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab Qaib Cov Txwv tau hu ua Blue Stream thiab tau raug pom zoo hauv xyoo 2005. Tom qab ntawd, cov tog neeg tuaj yeem pom zoo rau nws txoj kev nthuav dav. Qhov project tshiab hu ua "South Stream". Nyob rau hauv 2009, Lavxias teb sab Thawj Tswj Hwm Vladimir Putin tau hais kom nteg lwm gas pipeline kab, uas yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug tsim nyob rau hauv 2005. Nws yuav tsum txuas Samsun thiab Ceyhan, thiab tom qab ntawd hla Syria, Lebanon, Ixayees thiab Cyprus.
Failure of South kwj
Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2014, Vladimir Putin tshaj tawm tias Russia tau tso tseg txoj haujlwm qub vim yogunconstructive txoj hauj lwm ntawm European Union. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim txoj hauj lwm ntawm Bulgaria. Lub taub hau ntawm Gazprom, Alexei Miller, tau lees paub nyob rau tib hnub tias yuav tsis rov qab los rau South Stream. Qee cov kws tshaj lij tau hais tias qhov kev tso tseg ntawm txoj haujlwm no feem ntau yog vim qhov poob ntawm cov nqi hydrocarbons ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, ob lub hlis tom qab, Alexei Borisovich tau ntsib nrog Minister of Energy thiab Natural Resources. Thaum Miller mus ntsib Ankara, qhov project Turkish Stream tau tsim.
Kev sib tham tshiab
"Turkish kwj" yog lub raj xa dej uas yuav tsum pib ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv Lavxias. Nws nyob ze ntawm lub resort nroog Anapa. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2015, tus thawj coj ntawm Gazprom, Alexei Miller, thiab Turkish Minister of Energy thiab Natural Resources, Taner Yildaiz, tshaj tawm tias lub nroog Kiyiköy nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob xeev Kirklareli yuav yog qhov chaw kawg. Ob lub raj xa dej tau xa mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tham ntawm ob lub tebchaws tsis tau ua tiav.
Turkish kwj: route
Qhov ntev ntawm cov kav dej tshiab yuav tsum tawm 910 mais. Nws yuav tsum tau siv South Stream infrastructure. Qhov no yog hais txog 660 km. Tus so yog dhau los ntawm European ib feem ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2015, Miller thiab Yildiz tau txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev tshiab. "Turkish kwj" - ib tug roj pipeline uas yuav tsum tau txuas lub Lavxias teb sab Anapa thiab lub Turkish Kiyiköy. Thaum lub rooj sib tham, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ob tog tau ya ncig txhua qhov tseem ceebwaypoints los ntawm helicopter. Lub raj xa dej yuav tsum tau tsaws ntawm thaj av hauv nroog Kiyiköf, qhov chaw xa khoom roj yuav tsum yog Luleburgaz, thiab lub hub nyob rau ntawm ciam teb Turkish-Greek hauv cheeb tsam Ipsala. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab ntawd, tau kos npe rau tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev koom tes ntawm lub zog. Ntxiv rau Russia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, xws li tim Nkij teb chaws, Serbia, Macedonia thiab Hungary ua ob tog.
Gas pipeline yam ntxwv
"Turkish kwj" tau xeeb los ua ib txoj haujlwm los kov yeej European kev lag luam hla Ukraine. Ib lub hub yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Los ntawm nws, roj yuav tsum raug xa mus rau lwm lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Nws lub peev xwm npaj tau yog 63 billion cubic meters ib xyoos twg. Ntawm cov no, tsuas yog 14 tau npaj rau kev noj los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, txij thaum pib, European Commission tau hais tias cov khoom siv tau dhau qhov kev thov. Raws li Lavxias sab, Turkish kwj yog xav tau los faib cov khoom siv roj mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Nws kev tsim kho yog vim tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov xeev kev thauj mus los xws li Ukraine.
Russian gas zoo
Kev faib khoom sib txawv yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tswv yim ntse. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau European Union kom muaj ntau tus neeg xa khoom roj. Thaum pib, South Stream tau tsim nrog kev cia siab ntawm kev ruaj ntseg hauv Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Qatar thiab Kuwait. Qhov kev thov rau roj tseem nce ntxiv, los ntawm 2030 nws yuav tsum tau nce los ntawm yuav luag ib feem peb. Lub Turkish Kwj, uas nws muaj peev xwm tshaj li niaj hnub no qhov kev thov, yog tsim los ntawm Russia precisely nyob rau hauvsuav rau nws. Yog li, lub tswv yim roj av ntawm Lavxias Federation suav nrog peb lub ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
- Tiv thaiv tus kheej kev lag luam thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev thauj mus los vim tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg thib peb.
- Tshawb nrhiav cov neeg siv khoom tshiab hauv Europe.
- Thaiv cov neeg sib tw 'kev siv zog.
Kev ua raws li qhov project xws li Turkish kwj txhais tau tias rau Russia lub zog ntawm nws txoj haujlwm hauv ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, tuaj yeem muaj ob qho tib si pluses thiab minuses hauv kev txhawb nqa kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Lub raj xa hluav taws xob tshiab tuaj yeem tig qaib ntxhw mus rau hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj zog. Thiab nws tuaj yeem siv cov cib fim tshiab los ua kom nws zoo dua. Russia txoj haujlwm yog txhawm rau nrhiav qhov sib npaug hauv nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Turkey.
Ntawm Teebmeem
Nyob rau xyoo 2014, tsoomfwv Lavxias tau tshaj tawm qhov xav tau los tsim cov kav dej Kuban-Crimea. Qhov no yuav tsum tau pab nyob rau hauv lub zog mov ntawm ceg av qab teb. Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2015, kev tsim kho ntawm Turkish Stream tau raug tshem tawm. Qhov no yog vim kev puas tsuaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Su-24 tub rog aircraft nyob rau hauv Syria. Tus Minister of Economic Development ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation tau hais tias lub Turkish kwj thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev nqis peev thiab kev cog lus kev lag luam yuav raug muab tshem tawm vim yog kev ua ntawm lub qub qub xeev cov tub rog. Nws tseem ntxov dhau los tham txog qhov muaj peev xwm rov tsim kho dua tshiab, vim cov kws tshaj lij tseem tab tom tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej. Cov txiaj ntsig rau ob tog tshaj qhov tsis zoo, yog li nws yuav zoo li ob tog yuav tuaj yeem sib tham yav tom ntej.
Pom zoo:
Niaj hnub Cossacks: hom, kev faib tawm, kev faib tawm, charter, khoom plig keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm tseeb
Muaj qee zaus thaum Cossacks tau suav tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Nrog rau lawv cov exploits thiab tsis ntshai, lawv xav tsis thoob cov neeg uas sim kov yeej Lavxias teb sab av. Thaum lub sij hawm lub USSR, lub cim xeeb ntawm lub Cossacks, raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb kab lis kev cai thiab haiv neeg zej zog, pib ploj mus. "Lub neej thib ob" ntawm Cossacks pib tom qab perestroika, thiab dab tsi raws nraim nws tau hais nyob rau hauv, nyeem tsab xov xwm
Mary Tussauds: biography, hnub yug thiab qhov chaw yug, keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm ciab tsev cia puav pheej, tus kheej lub neej, nthuav tseeb thiab dab neeg, hnub thiab ua rau tuag
Tsis deb ntawm lub dav hlau yog lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nrov thiab nthuav. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws lub ru tsev ntsuab domed thiab yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ntxiv mus, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws, vim tias nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1835. Qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Madame Marie Tussauds
Gugong Tsev khaws puav pheej: hnub thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, nthuav qhov tseeb thiab keeb kwm xwm txheej, pom, nuances ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Forbidden City - lub npe ntawm lub palace ntawm Suav huab tais ntawm Ming thiab Qing dynasties. Tam sim no, tsuas yog cov marble ntawm cov slabs nco txog qhov kov ntawm cov kauj ruam ruaj khov ntawm cov huab tais thiab lub teeb kov ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov poj niam - tam sim no qhov no yog Gugong Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Suav teb, thiab leej twg tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm no yam tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej. thiab noj qab haus huv. Koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm los raus koj tus kheej hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov lus qhia txog kev xav thiab kev ntseeg thaum ub thiab, kov cov lus zais uas khov rau hauv pob zeb, hnov cov lus ntxhi rov qab los ntawm ntau pua xyoo
Keeb kwm ntawm lub xeem Uvarov: keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, lub ntsiab lus
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe tam sim no muaj ntau heev. Qee qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis tus cwj pwm zoo, lwm tus los ntawm hom kev ua si lossis qhov chaw nyob. Koj ib txwm xav paub keeb kwm ntawm koj lub xeem - leej twg yog koj cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas nws lub xeem koj tam sim no dais. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub xeem Uvarov, nws lub ntsiab lus, etymology, uas hnav nws los ntawm cov neeg nto moo
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos Duab ntawm Kaliningrad: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab tshuaj xyuas
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad) muaj ntau cov khoom qub keeb kwm, qhov twg Prussian keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog Soviet thiab niaj hnub. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv archival, ob peb ceg tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi paub txog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev ua tiav thiab qhov tseeb uas yog saturated nrog lub neej keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab cheeb tsam
