Tej zaum, txhua tus neeg uas tsawg kawg yog me ntsis xav txog riam phom thiab lawv keeb kwm tau hnov txog cov mos txwv 7, 62 54 mm R. Uas tsis yog xav tsis thoob - rau ib nrab xyoo pua nws yog lub ntsiab cartridge ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog. Thiab txawm tias tam sim no nws tsis tau poob nws qhov chaw - nws yog siv ob qho tib si hauv tub rog thiab tua tsiaj. Yog vim li cas nws yuav tsis muaj superfluous qhia txog nws kom meej ntxiv.
History of mos txwv
Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias daim cartridge tau tsim thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Russia xyoo 1890. Colonel N. Rogovtsev tau los ua tus tsim tawm. Tau kawg, daim cartridge ntawd txawv txawv ntawm qhov peb tau siv los. Tab sis nws yog nws uas tau los ua tus progenitor uas tau dim ntau yam kev hloov pauv. Keeb kwm tsim tawm ntawm Tula Cartridge Cog.
Ob peb hlis tom qab, xyoo 1891, rab phom Mosin legendary, tseem hu ua "peb tus thawj tswj hwm", tau tsim los rau daim cartridge no, tsis muaj exaggeration.
Thaum xub thawj, lub 7.62x54 cartridge muaj qhov tsis zoo, cov mos txwv sib npaug hnyav 13.6 grams. Ib qho loj loj tau muab kev raug mob hnyav thaum ntaus, tab sis txo qhov dav hlau dav hlau, thiab tseem cuam tshuam rau kev suav ntawm cov trajectory. Yog liob peb xyoos tom qab - nyob rau hauv 1908 - cov mos txwv yog modernized thiab tau txais ib tug taw tes lub taub hau paub rau cov neeg kawm. Qhov hnyav tib lub sijhawm poob rau 9.6 grams.
Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab tau qeeb heev - tus huab tais tus huab tais tau ntseeg siab tsis lees paub qhov tshiab. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1916, lwm qhov kev hloov kho tau txais yuav - ib daim cartridge nrog armor-choj mos txwv Kutovoy.
Tab sis tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, qhov kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab kev txhim kho kev lag luam, txhua yam hloov pauv. Tau ntau xyoo, ntau qhov kev hloov kho tau zoo tau tsim. Piv txwv li, Kutovoy lub armor-piercing mos txwv yog hloov los ntawm ib tug ntau tshaj analogue ntawm Boyno-Rodzevich. Ib daim cartridge nrog ib lub mos txwv hnyav kuj tshwm sim, siv thaum tua los ntawm rab phom tshuab thiab thawj cov mos txwv Lavxias teb sab, incendiary thiab ua ke. Nws tseem raug tsim tawm ntawm Tula Cartridge Cog - kho kom zoo dua qub thiab txhim kho.
Tom qab ntawd, ntau qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim kho - peb yuav tham txog lawv me ntsis tom qab. Cov mos txwv kuj tau hloov mus rau lwm cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li, tsis txhob siv lub tes tsho tooj liab, lawv pib siv stainless, thiab ces bimetallic. Tau kawg, qhov no kuj cuam tshuam rau riam phom siv 7.62 54 mm R mos txwv. Qhov kev hloov pauv loj tshaj plaws, cov saw ntawm kev txhim kho tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem pom ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, tsim yuav luag ib puas xyoo. ib nrab dhau los.
Ntse
Tam sim no cia peb kawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm daim cartridge 7, 62x54. Txij li cov kev hloov kho sib txawv sib txawv heev, piv txwv li, peb yuav tsuas yog siv daim cartridge txheem xwb. Peb yuav xav txog nwsntawm no thiab dhau mus.
Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm daim cartridge yog 77.16 hli. Hauv qhov no, cov mos txwv hnyav 9.2 grams. Cov hmoov hnyav ntawm 3.25 grams muab lub zog muzzle loj - 3840 joules. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, tus kws paub txog kev tua neeg tuaj yeem ntseeg siab ntaus lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev ncua deb - txog ib mais lossis ntau dua. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm daim cartridge 7, 62x54 yog 23 grams.
Lub qhov nrawm nrawm yog li 860 meters ib ob - qhov taw qhia zoo heev, ua tsaug rau tus neeg tua phom tuaj yeem kho me me thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj txav.
Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias daim cartridge nyob tam sim no tau txais txiaj ntsig loj heev thiab tau los ua tus tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog Lavxias. Thiab niaj hnub no, yuav luag 130 xyoo tom qab nws txoj kev loj hlob, nws tseem nrov.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb
Tau kawg, ib qho ntawm qhov zoo ntawm daim cartridge no yog nws lub zog siab. Tseeb, nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho ntawm cov cartridges uas muaj zog tshaj plaws uas siv rau lub teeb me me caj npab uas tsis koom nrog pawg loj-caliber. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, feem ntau qhov txhab mob hnyav lossis tuag taus.
Kev nkag mus tau siab heev - qhov no tsis yog muab los ntawm lub zog tseem ceeb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm cov mos txwv taw tes.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua tsuas yog loj, thiab kev kho thaum tua tuaj yeem ua tau me me - qhov kev kub ceev ntawm cov mos txwv nyob rau hauv tag nrho nrog qhov hnyav qis muab cov yam ntxwv zoo heev.
Nrog tag nrho cov no, lub cartridge yog yooj yim, uas txhais tau tias nws yog unpretentious thiabntseeg tau.
Tam sim no shortcomings
Tau kawg, txhua daim cartridge uas muaj qhov zoo kuj yuav muaj qee qhov tsis zoo. Thiab 7, 62x54 tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb.
Qhov tseem ceeb, thiab qhov tseeb, tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb, yog qhov rov qab muaj zog heev. Zoo, qhov no yog tus nqi rau siab zog. Tau kawg, cov riam phom niaj hnub no, vim lawv qhov hnyav thiab raug muab faib ua ke, lossis vim muaj cov txheej txheem rov ua kom rov zoo dua qub, txo qhov ntsuas qhov tsis zoo. Tab sis tseem, qhov tseeb ntawm lub teeb me me caj npab yog txo. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias tus neeg paub txog kev tua phom yuav siv sijhawm ntev dua los tsom rau ntawm lub hom phiaj tshaj li thaum siv riam phom nrog lub cev tsis muaj zog.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus tua phom zoo nrog kev txhaj tshuaj zoo ib txwm npaj rau nws. Thiab kuv npaj siab los tso nrog qhov tsis zoo li no, ntau dua li offset los ntawm ntau qhov zoo.
Penetration
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov mos txwv yog nws lub zog nkag mus. Thiab ntawm no 7, 62x54 tuaj yeem khav ntawm kev ua tau zoo heev. Tau kawg, qee zaum, tshwj xeeb steel-core mos txwv yuav tsum tau siv los ntaus lub hom phiaj - lawv feem ntau siv los ntawm snipers. Tab sis cov duab hais rau lawv tus kheej.
Piv txwv li, thaum tua ntawm qhov deb txog li 200 meters, ib qho mos txwv ntawm qhov caliber no tso siab rau pierces brickwork mus txog 12 centimeters tob. Ntawd yog, los ntawm hluav taws los ntawm lub tshuab rab phom lossis rab phom sniper siv 7, 62x54 cartridges, nws tsis tsim nyog nkaum tom qab ntawm phab ntsa cib zoo tib yam.
NtauCov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj tuaj yeem tau txais thaum tua ntawm tsob ntoo. Cov ntoo thuv qhuav nrog ib ntu ntawm 20x20 centimeters tuaj yeem tho txoj cai los ntawm ib lub mos txwv raug rho tawm ntawm qhov deb txog li 1200 meters.
Lub parapet, tsim los ntawm kev ua tib zoo ntim cov daus, tawg ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1000 meters mus rau qhov tob txog li 80 centimeters - thiab qhov no yog thaum siv cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
Kev tiv thaiv me ntsis zoo dua los ntawm hluav taws los ntawm riam phom no yog lub ntiaj teb thaiv kev ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb loamy av, nchuav dawb, tsis muaj tamping. Nyob rau hauv nws, cov mos txwv yooj yim tau daig, tab sis tseem nws yuav tawg los ntawm kev thaiv los ntawm 30 centimeters txawm los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1 km.
Ib tus qauv hlau kaus mom hlau siv los ntawm cov tub rog tuaj yeem nkag mus los ntawm 7.62x54 caliber mos txwv nruab nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau nyob ntawm qhov deb loj - txog 1700 meters.
Thaum kawg, yog tias peb xav txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov ris tsho hnav khaub ncaws ntawm chav kawm thib plaub ntawm kev tiv thaiv, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias lub thawv tshwj xeeb ntim nrog cov mos txwv uas muaj cov tub ntxhais hlau nkag mus rau qhov deb li ntawm 200 meters.
Marking
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, daim cartridge tau hloov kho kom ua tiav ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tau kawg, ntau qhov kev hloov kho sib txawv tau tshwm sim - lawv tag nrho cov lej nce mus txog tsib caug. Lawv txawv heev - hauv cov duab, qhov hnyav, hom mos txwv, qhov hnyav ntawm cov hmoov phom, txawm tias cov khoom ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov ntaub ntawv cartridge. Yuav piav tag nrho lawv, ib tug yuav tau sau ib phau ntawv tag nrho. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tau siv niaj hnub no. Piv txwv li, qee qhov ntawm lawv, tsim ua ntej tsov rog, tau hloov los ntawm ntau duakev hloov kho zoo. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav txheeb xyuas qee qhov nrov tshaj plaws thiab piav qhia luv luv rau lawv.
- Easy. Nws kuj yog qhov zoo tib yam - nws yog siv nyob rau hauv feem ntau thaum tua los ntawm lub tshuab phom. Muab ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tso cai rau koj los kho qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thaum tua. Tab sis nws muaj lub zog tawg me me. Tsis muaj cim.
- Hav. Nws yog cim nrog lub qhov ntswg daj. Khoom, tsis muaj ntxiv inserts. Nws txawv ntawm lub teeb ib los ntawm nws qhov hnyav hnyav, uas yog vim li cas nws muaj qhov phem tshaj plaws ballistic yam ntxwv. Tab sis nws muab kev nkag mus zoo dua ntawm obstacles.
- Nrog cov tub ntxhais hlau - qhia los ntawm cov xim grey hauv lub taub hau. Zoo meej rau kev kov yeej yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tsho tiv thaiv mos txwv thiab kaus mom hlau. Nws kuj zoo nkag mus rau lub cev tsheb thiab lwm yam teeb meem.
- Tracer - siv thaum tsom riam phom thiab lub hom phiaj xaiv. Lub nraub qaum ntawm cov mos txwv yog ntim nrog cov khoom sib xyaw tshwj xeeb, ua tsaug rau qhov uas nws tawm qhov pom meej meej hauv kev ya davhlau. Kos npe - ntsuab mos txwv qhov ntswg.
- Tshav dav hlau-txhaj tshuaj tua hluav taws. Cov tub ntxhais hlau yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub cartridge, muab cov khoom zoo heev nkag mus. Hauv qab yog ib lub khob me me uas muaj qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov mos txwv zoo nkag mus rau cov teeb meem loj thiab yooj yim ignites combustible mixs. Nws yog siv los lov tes taw cov cuab yeej yeeb ncuab - los ntawm tsheb mus rau cov cuab yeej cua. Kos npe - kab liab liab ntawm cov mos txwv nrog lub qhov ntswg dub.
Qhov no yog kev faib tawm dav dav. Tsawg kawg vimtsuas yog armor-piercing incendiary cartridges, muaj tsib daim. Lawv txawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov duab thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov mos txwv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tes tsho nws tus kheej. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem ua los ntawm tooj dag, hlau lossis alloys. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tsim nyog nkag mus tob rau hauv hav zoov - cov neeg feem coob xav siv riam phom tsuas yog xav paub lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, cov yam ntxwv thiab cov cim ntawm cov cartridges 7, 62 54 - cartridges rau cov phom tshuab thiab rab phom sniper.
Peb kuj yuav tsum hais txog daim cartridges 7, 62x54. Cais vim lawv yeej tsis siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tab sis lawv feem ntau siv thaum lub sij hawm solemn thiab mourning ceremonies - lawv salute nrog lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cartridges dawb feem ntau siv rau hauv kev cob qhia. Ntau tus tub rog uas tsis paub qab hau tau xub muab riam phom uas muaj kev nyab xeeb ammo kom siv tau rau qhov rov qab tsis ua mob rau leej twg nyob ib puag ncig.
siv tub rog
Tam sim no nws tsim nyog qhia dab tsi riam phom cartridge 7, 62x54 yog siv rau. Daim ntawv teev npe yog dav heev, yog li cia peb tham txog riam phom ua ntej.
Tau kawg, riam phom nto moo tshaj plaws tsim nyob rau hauv daim cartridge no yog Mosin phom, uas tau hais dhau los. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, ntau qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim. Piv txwv li, ib tug rifled carbine, uas yog txawv los ntawm nws luv luv ntev. Cov phom sniper tshwj xeeb kuj tau tsim, uas peb cov snipers ntseeg siab tau txiav txim siab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Niaj hnub no nws tsis tau tsim, raws li nws tau hloov los ntawm ntau cov qauv ua tau zoo.
SVD lossis sniper phom lojLub Dragunov yog cov riam phom uas siv los ntawm snipers nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tseem tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb. Raws li nws lub hauv paus, ob peb rab phom ntxiv tau tsim: SVU (luv luv, nrog lub tshuab bullpup) thiab SVDS - nrog lub pob tw, siv los ntawm cov tub rog.
Lwm cov phom sniper kuj tau tsim: VS-121, MS-74, SV-98, SVK. Lawv tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thiab, raws li, tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Lwm qhov yog qhov kev txhim kho tshiab kawg thiab raug sim hauv thaj teb.
Yog tias peb tham txog rab phom tshuab, ces nws tsim nyog hais txog PKM (modernized Kalashnikov tshuab rab phom), uas yog rab phom loj hauv cov tub rog ntawm Russia thiab ntau lub xeev ntawm qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet. Lub zog nkag siab siab, kev ntseeg siab, tsis muaj kev ntseeg - tag nrho cov no ua rau nws yog riam phom txaus ntshai tiag tiag.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias daim cartridge no kuj tau siv los ntawm Maxim tshuab rab phom, uas yog ib qho lus dab neeg tseeb.
Qhov no kuj suav nrog AEK-99, MT, DP, RP-46, PKP (aka "Pecheneg"). Ntawm cov easel thiab aviation tshuab phom, SG-43, GSHG, ShKAS tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv.
Rifled carbines thiab phom phom kuj tau tsim, uas nyiam ntau theem ntawm qhov chaw: SVT, AKT-40, ABC-36.
siv yos hav zoov
Tau kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov mos txwv, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav tsis thoob tias cov phom tua tsiaj 7, 62x54 yog qhov xav tau zoo niaj hnub no thaum tua tsiaj nruab nrab thiab loj - los ntawm cov npua qus thiab mos lwj mus rau elk thiab dais.
Qhov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws yog "Tiger" - rab phom sniper tsim los ntawm SVD. Yog li ntawd, nws khaws yuav luag txhua qhov zoo ntawm cov tub rog counterpart. Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho uas txawv feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm lub hauv pliaj, hom Tshuag.
riam phom txaus ntshai hauv txhais tes muaj peev xwm yog KO-91 Rauj, tsim los ntawm peb tus thawj coj ib txwm muaj.
VPO phom phom carbines tuaj yeem hu ua kev vam meej. Lawv cov qauv tsim zoo ib yam li Kalashnikov phom phom. Raws li, kev ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim ntawm kev siv yog qhov zoo heev.
Nws nyuaj rau kev xav, tab sis txawm tias riam phom xws li Degtyarev tshuab rab phom thiab Maxim tuaj yeem yuav hnub no li riam phom tua tsiaj. Lawv hloov kho me ntsis (lawv tsis tuaj yeem tua hluav taws tawg) thiab muag dawb hauv ntau lub khw tshwj xeeb.
Lub tebchaws twg siv
Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR, ntau yam riam phom tsim los rau daim cartridge 7, 62x54 tseem nyob hauv tag nrho tom qab-Soviet qhov chaw. Tsis xav tsis thoob, feem ntau, cov tebchaws no siv nws. Lub B altics yog ib qho kev zam - lawv tab tom sim hloov mus rau NATO cov qauv, tab sis vim yog cov peev nyiaj meager rau ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tiv nrog txoj haujlwm no.
Daim cartridge no tau siv ntau lub tebchaws ntawm Warsaw Pact. Qee lub xeev no txawm tsim lawv cov riam phom. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb yog Romanian PSL. Tuam Tshoj kuj tau tsim hom 80 tshuab rab phom siv daim cartridge no.
Feem ntau, hauvraws li kev yos hav zoov (thiab tsis yog xwb) cov mos txwv no yog siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tsis yog qhov xwm txheej uas tau ntau xyoo nws tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws, thib ob tsuas yog rau NATO counterpart 762x51 mm.
Zoo kawg
Qhov no xaus peb tsab xov xwm. Hauv nws, peb sim qhia ntau yam ntxiv txog cov lus dab neeg cartridge 7, 62x54. Muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm nws keeb kwm, kev hloov kho thiab riam phom tsim rau nws.
