Video: Beloyarsk NPP - ua haujlwm thiab tshawb fawb
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:54
Nyob hauv Urals, 40 km sab hnub tuaj ntawm Yekaterinburg, muaj ib qho ntawm thawj cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear hauv Soviet Union. Nws pib tsim nyob rau hauv 1955 thiab lub npe hu ua "Beloyarskaya NPP". Xyoo 1964, nws tau muab hluav taws xob rau thawj lub zog AMB-100 "Nuclear Mirny Loj" nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 100 MW. Txij li thaum xyoo 1967, qhov thib ob, AMB-200, tau ua haujlwm. Qhov thib peb block - BN-600 "Fast Neutrons" nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 600 MW - pib ua haujlwm thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1980. Niaj hnub no, lub tshuab fais fab muaj peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear. Xyoo 1981 thiab 1987 thawj ob tau tso tseg. Qhov thib peb tseem ua haujlwm. Cov kws tshaj lij hu xov tooj ceev neutron reactors "breeders", i.e. "neeg yug tsiaj". Lawv tau siv los tsim riam phom-qib plutonium los ntawm uranium. Txhua lub tebchaws sab hnub poob tau tso tseg cov reactors no rau ntau yam laj thawj. Thiab tsuas yog Beloyarsk NPP muaj qhov kawg xws li kev lag luam fais fab hauv ntiaj teb. Nws txoj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev nyab xeeb yog siab heev.
Luv luv txog lub reactor. Cov roj sib dhos - cov raj zirconium - raug thauj mus rau hauv nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Lawv muaj pellets ntawm nuclear roj, feem ntau uranium U235. Thaum lub sij hawm fission ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv cov hlab, cov cua kub ntau yog tawm, uas yog tshem tawm los ntawm lub kub cheeb tsam (thawj Circuit Court) los ntawm molten hlau sodium (los yog lead) los yog dej nyob rau hauv loj heev siab (kom tsis txhob boil). Sodium muaj qhov siabradioactivity; Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muab nws tawm, cov cua sov tau hloov mus rau qhov thib ob Circuit Court, uas tseem muaj cov hlau lossis dej hauv qhov siab. Ntawm no, lub coolant heats cov kua ntawm lub thib peb Circuit Court rau boiling, thiab cov chav yog nkag mus rau lub turbines. Tom qab ntawd, cov qauv nrog dej hauv txhua lub voj voog tau tshwm sim. Hlau-hlau-dej reactors yog theoretically txaus ntshai tshaj li cov dej reactors. Tab sis lawv yog cov compact dua, uas tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv kev thauj mus los. Beloyarsk NPP nyob rau hauv lub BN-600 reactor nyob rau hauv thawj ob circuits muaj ib tug hlau coolant. Cov tom kawg yog chav dej nrog sodium chav superheater.
Beloyarsk NPP-2 yog qhov thib ob (lossis thib plaub) fais fab nroj tsuag hauv kab ntawm kev tsim kho. Plaub xyoos ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav sim BN-600 thiab kev ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv tau txais coj mus rau kev txiav txim siab ntxiv ob qho ntxiv - BN-800 thiab BN-1200. Tom qab Chernobyl kev huam yuaj, txoj haujlwm no tau raug tso tseg, tab sis txoj haujlwm txuas ntxiv tau hloov kho. Kev tsim kho rov pib dua xyoo 2007.
Lub BN-800 thaiv yog npaj rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm "ntau nrawm nrawm" thev naus laus zis, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tau txais los ntawm nws yuav tso cai:
- tsim lub voj voog roj kaw ntawm nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag;
- ntau dua 50 npaug nce qhov kev ua tiav ntawm uranium uas twb tau siv lawm, muab roj rau lub teb chaws nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag;
- ib nrab pov tseg ntawm NPP pov tseg, siv tsis muaj hluav taws xob uranium U238 los ntawm cov pov tseg;
- muab plutonium los ntawm decommissioned nuclear warheads rau hauv roj ncig.
Beloyarsk NPP, suav nrogLub zog tshiab los ntawm 2022 yuav muaj peev xwm ntawm 2600 MW. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, kev tsim kho ntawm block No. 5 - BN-1200 yuav pib.
Kev tso tawm ntau lub BN-1200 reactors ntawm qhov no thiab lwm yam nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag thiab kev koom nrog hauv lub voj voog ntawm kev lag luam tsim cov roj hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob rau nws cov khoom siv. Yog li Russia yuav muab nws tus kheej thiab cov phooj ywg lub teb chaws nrog cov roj no ntau pua xyoo. Beloyarsk NPP yuav tsum tau coj nws qhov chaw muaj cai hauv lub voj voog no, vim tias ntawm nws cov chav nyob ntawm ntau hom, cov kev daws teeb meem tshiab hauv lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog atom tau raug sim sim.
Pom zoo:
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb: cov txheej txheem tshawb fawb, cov lus nug thematic, cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas txheeb cais
Kev nug yog ib txoj hauv kev los ntawm kev sau ntau ntawm cov khoom siv daim ntawv nug. Cov neeg uas tau teb cov lus nug no sau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug. Kev sib tham thiab kev xam phaj yog hu ua daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntsej muag, thiab daim ntawv nug yog hu ua daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas tsis tuaj. Cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, muab piv txwv
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