Cov txheej txheem:
- History
- Keeb Kwm
- Gurans - haiv neeg lossis haiv neeg twg?
- Zaj dab neeg uas tshwm sim rau Khabarov
- Kev piav qhia
- Gurans: haiv neeg, niaj hnub
- Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntshav dawb thiab daj
- Derovers yog lub siab ntawm Transbaikalia
Video: Gurans (nationality): keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:54
Koj puas tau hnov cov neeg hu ua "Gurans"? "Nationality? haiv neeg twg? - Tej zaum koj yuav xav. Lo lus no yog qiv los ntawm lus Buryat. Yog li ntawd, lawv hu ua txiv neej roe mos lwj. Cov Mongols, Evenks, Kalmyks thiab lwm haiv neeg Altai hu ua cov tsiaj zoo nkauj nrog lo lus zoo sib xws "guru". Yog li cov neeg no yog dab tsi, uas tsis tshua paub txog?
History
Muaj tseeb tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem hais tau meej thaum thawj tus pioneers Lavxias tau tshwm sim hauv Transbaikalia, hauv thaj chaw Altai. Tab sis ib yam yog qhov tseeb: nws tau ntev dhau los, thiab tom qab ntawd tsis muaj neeg hu ua "Gurans". Qhov no haiv neeg tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam incest. Tom qab thawj cov neeg Lavxias tau nyob hauv cov chaw no thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo thiab pib nyob hauv cov neeg hauv paus txawm, uas yog, Evenks thiab Buryats, lawv maj mam sib xyaw nrog lawv, sim ua raws li lawv cov kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua - hauv ib lo lus, lawv tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm Altaians. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis hnov qab lawv cov lus thiab tsis uapoob lawv Slavic tus kheej. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lawv cov kab lis kev cai thiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej thaum kawg pib dais Lavxias teb sab thiab Eveno-Buryat nta.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias tau qhia txog cov yam ntxwv tshiab uas muaj nyob hauv Slavic txoj kev ntawm lub neej thiab kab lis kev cai rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Transbaikalia, piv txwv li, kev ua liaj ua teb, tsim lub nroog, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, hom neeg tshiab. Cov ntshav sib xyaw pib tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom no - Gurans, uas nws haiv neeg nyuaj los txiav txim siab. Lawv tau sib xyaw ntawm ob haiv neeg - Mongoloid thiab European, thiab nyob rau tiam plaub.
Keeb Kwm
Raws li cov keeb kwm, cov Gurans nyob ntawm no twb nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Haiv neeg (keeb kwm ua tim khawv rau qhov no) yeej tsis tau raug lees paub. Nws yog ntau haiv neeg. Qee lub sij hawm lo lus "Guran" raug suav hais tias yog lub npe menyuam yaus rau cov neeg uas cov poj koob yawm txwv koom nrog ntau haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg, ntawm lawv yog Buryats, Mongols, Evenks, Manchus thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Russians. Tab sis vim li cas cov haiv neeg no pib hu ua li ntawd, thiab tsis yog lwm yam?
Cov Cossacks ntawm Transbaikalia ua rau lawv tus kheej lub caij ntuj no lub kaus mom los ntawm cov plaub ntawm cov mos lwj cov txiv neej, uas cov neeg hauv paus txawm hu ua gurans. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tso horns kom yuam kev cov tsiaj uas caum thaum mus yos hav zoov. Raws li koj paub, lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv cov chaw no ntev, yog li Cossacks hnav cov kaus mom no ntev heev. Thiab lawv tau pib txheeb xyuas cov mos lwj.
Gurans - haiv neeg lossis haiv neeg twg?
qhov teeb meem no tseem tab tom tham. Raws li ib txoj kev xav, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm hybridization los yog interpenetration ntawm ob peb haiv neeg, tsis tsuas yog ploj mus ntawm lub qub, tab sis kuj tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tshiab haiv neeg. Tau kawg, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem ua tau txhua qhov chaw, tab sis Transbaikalia yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau cov txheej txheem no. Yog li, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov haiv neeg xws li Buryats, Evenks thiab Russians, ib hom tshiab ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos tau tshwm sim, uas tsis zoo li thawj, thib ob, lossis thib peb. Tab sis tsis yog qhov pov thawj tias Gurans yog haiv neeg (saib daim duab hauv kab lus)? Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog cov neeg zoo li no hauv Encyclopedia ntawm Transbaikalia. Guran (nationality) raug xaiv los ua ib hom neeg hauv zos raws li peb haiv neeg: Buryat, Evenk thiab Lavxias. Los ntawm txoj kev, lo lus no qee zaum hloov lo lus Transbaikalian.
Zaj dab neeg uas tshwm sim rau Khabarov
Muaj dua ib zaj dab neeg txog keeb kwm ntawm haiv neeg no. Ib zaug, thaum lub caij ntuj no lig, tus neeg ncig tebchaws Lavxias thiab tus neeg tshawb nrhiav Yerofei Khabarov tau hla Transbaikalia. Nws caij nyob rau hauv ib tug sleigh nrog ib tug qhia nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub convoy. Thiab mam li nco dheev ib tug swift-footed mos lwj txiav lawv txoj kev, thiab ib co peasants nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws txawv txawv txawv tau caum nws. Khabarov nug tus kws qhia: leej twg yog tus no? Thiab nws, xav tias tus tswv txhais hais tias tus tsiaj khiav ua ntej, hais tias nws yog ib tug guran.
Kev piav qhia
Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos, koj tuaj yeem pom cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg Guran. Txawm hais tias lawv haiv neeg tsis tshwm sim hauv lawv daim ntawv hla tebchaws, txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov koom nrogethnos hais cov yam ntxwv. Ua ntej, lawv tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm lawv qhov kev nyiam. Lawv tsis yog vain, hlub, muaj lub hwj chim Cossack. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm sab nraud, lawv ob lub qhov muag yog ib nrab-slanted, lawv cheekbones tau txais los ntawm Mongols, thiab xim ntawm lub qhov muag tuaj yeem yog lub teeb, txawm tias xiav. Lawv cov tawv nqaij yog tsaus thiab lawv cov plaub hau feem ntau yog dub. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg ntawm cov haiv neeg sib xyaw no zoo ib yam li Asmeskas Khab. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, lawv cov tsos yog txawv heev, nrog ib tug predominance ntawm cov cim ntawm haiv neeg Mongoloid. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov gourans muaj cov nqaij ntshiv zoo, lawv hloov tau thiab zoo kawg nkaus paub cov txuj ci ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Ib zaug, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg neeg no tau tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm Siberia los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze - Suav thiab Mongols.
Gurans: haiv neeg, niaj hnub
Raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg no lawv tus kheej, niaj hnub no lawv tau xyaum tsis khaws cia cov kev cai ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb uas nyob hauv Transbaikalia. Lawv xav txog lawv tus kheej ntau dua cov neeg Lavxias, tab sis lawv tsis nco qab tias cov ntshav ntawm Gurans ntws hauv lawv. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg no muaj ntau yam kab lig kev cai, dab neeg thiab dab neeg txog lub neej ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Kawm lawv, koj nkag siab tias nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau muab lawv rau Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Tseem muaj kev xyaum tsis muaj Buryat lossis Evenk (Tungus) lus ntawm no. Raws li qhov no, koj nkag siab tias qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, cov neeg sib cais, nrog nws tus yam ntxwv nta. Tab sis tus kws sau keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab Nikolai Yadrintsev ntseeg tias Gurans tsis yog haiv neeg, tab sis tshwj xeeb "hom cheeb tsam" nrog nws cov yam ntxwv.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov ntshav dawb thiab daj
hais lus tau kawgNws yog hais txog kev sib tw sib tw. Mongoloid, raws li txoj cai, yog hu ua daj, thiab European, txawm tias cov tawv nqaij sib txawv, suav hais tias yog dawb. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias thaum chiv keeb Gurans raug hu ua cov neeg uas tuaj ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm Cossacks thiab Lavxias teb sab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nrog Tungus. Tom qab ntawd lub npe no tau txuas mus rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj cov cim ntawm Caucasoid (dawb) thiab Mongoloid (Mongoloid) haiv neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no tsis yog mestizos zoo tib yam, tab sis yog cov neeg uas ua cim ntawm ntau tiam neeg.
Derovers yog lub siab ntawm Transbaikalia
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, cov Gurans lawv tus kheej xav txog lawv tus kheej Lavxias ntau dua li Buryats lossis Tungus, tab sis nws yog qhov nthuav kom paub tias lawv txoj kev ntseeg lawv xav li cas, dab tsi los yog leej twg lawv ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv Transbaikalia, rau ob peb centuries dhau los, muaj ntau yam Christian denominations. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv tsis tau tsim los ntawm theologians, tab sis sawv spontaneously. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntawm lawv yuav zoo li qus rau peb. Yog li, piv txwv li, ntau gurans yog holers. Lawv tsis pe hawm cov cim, tab sis qhov, ntseeg tias los ntawm kev xav txog lub cosmos los ntawm cov qhov, lawv tau txais lub zog. Cov ntseeg no nyob sib nrug ntawm lwm tus, sib yuav tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv tus kheej, coj txoj kev ua neej nruj, ua neej nyob. Lawv muaj peev xwm khaws tau lawv cov ntshav, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev coj noj coj ua.
Pom zoo:
Niaj hnub Cossacks: hom, kev faib tawm, kev faib tawm, charter, khoom plig keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm tseeb
Muaj qee zaus thaum Cossacks tau suav tias yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Nrog rau lawv cov exploits thiab tsis ntshai, lawv xav tsis thoob cov neeg uas sim kov yeej Lavxias teb sab av. Thaum lub sij hawm lub USSR, lub cim xeeb ntawm lub Cossacks, raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb kab lis kev cai thiab haiv neeg zej zog, pib ploj mus. "Lub neej thib ob" ntawm Cossacks pib tom qab perestroika, thiab dab tsi raws nraim nws tau hais nyob rau hauv, nyeem tsab xov xwm
Keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm thiab version ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub xeem Anisimov
Cov npe qub qub ntawm Slavic cov npe tau tsim los ntawm tag nrho daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj kev cai raus dej ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv. Feem ntau ntawm cov npe Lavxias teb sab los ntawm cov npe ua kev cai raus dej, uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj daim ntawv qhia hnub - daim ntawv qhia hnub dawb huv. Raws li cov ntseeg kev cai dab qhuas, tus me nyuam tau txais lub npe raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv revered los ntawm pawg ntseeg nyob rau hnub yug los yog kev cai raus dej ntawm tus me nyuam
Gugong Tsev khaws puav pheej: hnub thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, nthuav qhov tseeb thiab keeb kwm xwm txheej, pom, nuances ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai, duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Forbidden City - lub npe ntawm lub palace ntawm Suav huab tais ntawm Ming thiab Qing dynasties. Tam sim no, tsuas yog cov marble ntawm cov slabs nco txog qhov kov ntawm cov kauj ruam ruaj khov ntawm cov huab tais thiab lub teeb kov ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov poj niam - tam sim no qhov no yog Gugong Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Suav teb, thiab leej twg tuaj yeem tuaj ntawm no yam tsis muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej. thiab noj qab haus huv. Koj yuav muaj lub sijhawm los raus koj tus kheej hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov lus qhia txog kev xav thiab kev ntseeg thaum ub thiab, kov cov lus zais uas khov rau hauv pob zeb, hnov cov lus ntxhi rov qab los ntawm ntau pua xyoo
Keeb kwm ntawm lub xeem Uvarov: keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, lub ntsiab lus
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe tam sim no muaj ntau heev. Qee qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis tus cwj pwm zoo, lwm tus los ntawm hom kev ua si lossis qhov chaw nyob. Koj ib txwm xav paub keeb kwm ntawm koj lub xeem - leej twg yog koj cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas nws lub xeem koj tam sim no dais. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub xeem Uvarov, nws lub ntsiab lus, etymology, uas hnav nws los ntawm cov neeg nto moo
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos Duab ntawm Kaliningrad: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab tshuaj xyuas
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad) muaj ntau cov khoom qub keeb kwm, qhov twg Prussian keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog Soviet thiab niaj hnub. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv archival, ob peb ceg tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi paub txog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev ua tiav thiab qhov tseeb uas yog saturated nrog lub neej keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab cheeb tsam