Tau ntev heev, Great Russia tau nrov nrov nrog tswb - nyob rau hnub so lub tswb nrov nrov ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tswb pej thuam, nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub lub tswb nrov ntawm nees yokes nrov, ua rau tib neeg muaj kev xyiv fab thiab kev zoo siab. Dab tsi yog keeb kwm ntawm lub tswb nrov Valdai hauv ntiaj teb pib li cas - nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv qub yuav qhia.
Leej twg tsim lub tswb?
Lub tswv yim tsim tsas tuaj nrog Npis Sov Nolan Pontius Myronius Pavlin tus Merciful. Ua kom tiav qhov kev tshuaj xyuas nws cov khoom, tus npis sov txiav txim siab mus so, nres ntawm ib lub tiaj nyom zoo nkauj uas muaj lub tswb xiav. Dozing tawm, nws pom nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav tub txib saum ntuj uas kov cov paj, thiab lawv teb nrog ib tug maj mam, silver ringing. Lub suab no ua rau Pontius xav tsis thoob li ntawd, rov qab mus rau Nola, nws tau qhia txog nws rau tus tswv, uas muaj peev xwm pov tau ib daim qauv tooj liab ntawm lub tswb nrov. Txawm hais tias, raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los, thawj lub tswb nrov tau pom ntau dhau los, lawv tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Iyiv.
Muaj ntaudab neeg romantic. Ib tug hluas nkauj da dej hauv hav zoov. Nws lub taub hau tau qhwv ib ncig ntawm lub wreath ntawm hav zoov tswb. Tus ntxhais poob dej thiab nws tus hlub, tus kws ntaus hlau hauv zos, ua lub tswb nrov nco txog nws tus hlub tshaj plaws.
Muaj ntau qhov kev xav zoo nkauj tshaj li cas lub tswv yim ntawm lub tswb raws li cov khoom lag luam tau tshwm sim, tab sis lawv txhua tus qhia txog kev hlub lossis kev tu siab kawg.
thawj Valdai tswb. Keeb kwm
Yog koj ntseeg cov dab neeg, zaj dab neeg pib thaum xyoo 1478. Tsar Ivan III kav lub sijhawm ntawd, uas tau txiav txim kom thauj lub tswb Novgorod mus rau Moscow, mus tas li coj los ntawm St. Sophia belfry. Txhua yam mus zoo mus txog thaum cov neeg nqa khoom mus txog lub Roob Valdai. Nws nyob ntawm no hais tias lub sleigh, uas lub veche tswb tau fastened, dov raws txoj kev nplua, overturned, thiab lub tswb, ntog mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub abyss, tawg mus rau pua pua ntawm me me. Raws li historians, nws yog los ntawm cov fragments uas Valdai tswb sawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg hauv zos pib tuaj rau qhov chaw no. Lawv sau tswb thiab, coj lawv mus tsev, hais kom cov foundry masters ua luam ntawm lawv. Qhov no yog vim muaj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm qhov no. Cov neeg ntseeg ruaj khov tias nyob hauv ib lub tsev uas muaj lub tswb nrov Valdai, kev zoo siab, kev sib haum xeeb, kev sib haum xeeb, kev thaj yeeb, kev vam meej yuav nyob twj ywm.
Begin production
Nws feem ntau lees txais tias qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th tau dhau los ua lub sijhawm pib ntawm kev tsim khoom. Qhov yuav tsum tau tsimtswb yog qhov tseem ceeb - lawv yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm txoj kev tsis khoom ntawm Moscow thiab St. Tsis ntev los no, kev cob qhia kev cob qhia kev cob qhia thiab kev cob qhia tau pib tshwm sim, uas cov qauv tsim thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Valdai tswb tau kawm thiab rov tsim dua.
Tsis ntev no, tus neeg kos npe ntawm tus tswv uas tsim nws txoj kev tsim tau los ua zam. Nikita, Ivan, Alexei Smirnov, Philip Tersky yog cov neeg ua haujlwm nrhiav haujlwm uas nws cov khoom tau poob hauv keeb kwm raws li kev nkag mus. Nws yog los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd uas Valdai tswb tau paub meej tias yog ib qho kev tsim khoom qub Lavxias teb sab. Maj mam, tus kws qhia lub tswb nrov tau pib muaj koob meej ntau dua - lawv tsis yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ceeb toom ntawm txoj kev, tab sis kuj txhawb nqa tus neeg tsav tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum huab cua phem lossis tsaus ntuj.
Tswb tswb strife
Koj tuaj yeem ntseeg yuam kev tias lawv txhua tus tau npaj rau lub hom phiaj nkaus xwb, tab sis qhov no nyob deb ntawm rooj plaub. Cov kws qhia ntawv tau muab nrog lawv tus kheej cov ntawv sau - piv txwv li, feem ntau tuaj yeem nyeem cov lus sib dhos ntawm cov khoom: "Nplhaib, console - maj nrawm." Lub tswb nrov tau cim nrog cov ntawv sau "Gift of Valdai", "Kuv hlub leej twg, kuv muab rau nws" thiab lwm yam. Tsis ntev lub tswb Valdai, kim tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas, tau tshwm sim - lub tswb kab tshoob. Nws yog ib tug masterpiece tiag tiag, muaj tsib noog ya mus rau saum ntuj. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas lub sij hawm ntawd lub npe ntawm tus tswv tsis tsuas paub, nws yog khoom ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Ib tug thawj casters uasua nws tus kheej inscription, yog Alexei Smirnov. Lwm tus sau, Tersky, tseem paub - hnub no 19 ntawm nws lub tswb tau khaws cia hauv tebchaws Russia.
Los ntawm tus tswv mus rau cov chaw ua haujlwm
Tsis ntev dhau los, cov chaw tsim khoom tau pib tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws, qhov tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm hom kev ua ub no: "Valdai tswb - kev tsim khoom" - ib tus tuaj yeem nyeem txog cov kev mus rau hauv lub khw. Thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg tau raug cim los ntawm kev qhib lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws Smirnov, hais txog qhov uas nws tau hais tias tsuas yog ntawm no lub tswb zoo tshaj plaws yog cam khwb cia - qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau resonant. Cov khoom loj tiag tiag tau yug los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txhais tes ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm - lub tswb tuaj yeem hnyav dua 1000 phaus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis txhais hais tias Smirnovs tsis nco qab tias lub tswb me me Valdai yog dab tsi. Cov nroj tsuag tau txais ntau qhov kev txiav txim rau lawv cov khoom, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov khoom raug pov rau cov tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev teev ntuj hauv Russia. Tsis ntev, cov nroj tsuag Stukolkin nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam. Ivan Stukolkin tau nqis los hauv keeb kwm raws li tus tswv uas nrum 11 tswb (lawv qhov hnyav yuav luag 4400 phaus), noj Siberian nickels ua lub hauv paus.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub Hoobkas lag luam
Cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Smirnovs thiab Stukolkins, uas tau tsim lawv tus kheej ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam, maj mam pib tau txais cov neeg sib tw. Cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Alexei Usachev, Georgy Andreev, thiab Usachev cov kwv tij pib muag lawv cov khoom. Tsis yog tsuas yog Stukolkins xwb, tab sis kuj Usachev cov kwv tij twb tau koom nrog lub tswb nrov rau pawg ntseeg ntawm Valdai. Cov zam suav nrogcov tswb uas dai saum lub qhov rooj, nrog rau lub rooj tswb uas hu cov tub txib. Lawv xyaum tsis txawv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los ntawm cov uas siv los ntawm cov coachmen. Thiab tsuas yog daim ntawv sau ua kom pom tseeb tias lub tswb no yog rau dab tsi. Thiab ces lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig tawm, thiab lub tswb lag luam nyob rau hauv Russia tau xyaum ua puas. Cov nroj tsuag Usachyov tau hloov mus ua qhov pheej hmoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tsis ntev nws kaw nws lub qhov rooj mus ib txhis. Lub lag luam foundry tau rov pib dua me ntsis tom qab, tab sis tib yam Valdai zoo tsis tau pom lawm.
Memorized hauv keeb kwm
Txhawm rau khaws keeb kwm ntawm Valdai casting, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Valdai Tswb tau tsim. Lub nroog keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Valdai tau ntxiv nrog thawj cov khoom pov thawj hauv xyoo 1980 - tom qab ntawd cov khoom plig ntawm cov tswv Andreev thiab Grigoriev tau coj tuaj ntawm no, thiab tseem muaj qhov chaw rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws zoo sib xws. Nkoj tswb, nyuj tswb, tsav tsheb tswb thiab lub rooj tswb tau coj tuaj rau ntawm no - cov expositions tau replenished ntawm ib tug amazing ceev. Tom qab 15 xyoo, lub tsev cia puav pheej tau txais ib tug tshiab tswj cheeb tsam - nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub Lviv Rotunda. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov khoom sau twb tsis tau tsuas yog cov khoom pov thawj me me thiab nruab nrab, tab sis cov tswb nrov kuj nyob ntawm no. Ib qho chaw kuj tau muab faib rau qhov chaw uas muaj peev xwm xav txog Valdai tswb, - yees duab - cov neeg sau keeb kwm sim rov qab kho cov duab tseem muaj sia nyob. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los pom nws nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag. Muaj kev ntseeg tias lub suab nrov ntawm Valdai tswb ntxuav tus ntsuj plig thiab kho cov kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus tau tso cai nce tojlub tswb nrov thiab hu koj tus kheej.
Dab tsi ua rau Valdai tswb tshwj xeeb?
Qhov txawv ntawm lub tswb hauv lawv lub suab - lawv hais tias txhua lub tswb muaj nws tus kheej "lub suab". Lawv cov keeb kwm tau rov qab los rau ntau xyoo, vim tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, thiab txhua yam uas paub niaj hnub no tau kawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov khoom lawv tus kheej - npe, hnub tim, cov chaw tsim khoom. Ib lub sijhawm txhais tau tias yog "daim tiab" ntawm lub tswb - uas yog lub npe ntawm nws hauv qab. Ntau tus neeg sau keeb kwm tau xaus lus tias cov duab ntawm lub tswb ncaj qha zoo li lub yeej ntawm ib tug poj niam Lavxias. Nws yog ib qho ua tau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm Valdai ntau lawm los ntawm lwm yam - lub streamlining ntawm daim ntawv, siv nrog roughness, tus nplaig thiab nws ncua kev kawm ntawv. Txhua qhov kev nthuav dav muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb, uas tsis muaj analogues niaj hnub no. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias qhov no yog vim li cas tus nqi ntawm cov khoom yeej ib txwm siab heev. Niaj hnub no koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntau yam khoom uas cim nrog Valdai hom - hmoov tsis, cov tuam txhab hauv zos tsis tau tswj xyuas kom paub cov lus zais ntawm casting, uas ua rau lub npe nrov ntshiab, maj mam ringing ntawm Valdai tswb.
