EW complex "Khibiny": txhais tau tias, khoom siv. EW "Khibiny" - yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:54

Cov cuab yeej siv tub rog niaj hnub yog qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias tsis siv cov khoom siv xov tooj cua dav tshaj plaws. Radars, locators, txhais tau tias ntawm lub hom phiaj … Tag nrho cov no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsov rog niaj hnub no. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov engineers hauv tsev yeej ib txwm sim los tsim txoj hauv kev zoo los tua cov khoom siv xov tooj cua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab uas muaj peev xwm. EW "Khibiny" ua li ntawd.

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb

Ib qho chaw ua haujlwm ntau yam tsim los rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm Khibiny R&D hauv Kaluga. Tus kws tshaj lij engineer Alexander Semyonovich Yampolsky tau raug xaiv los ua tus tsim qauv.

Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thawj lub hom phiaj kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub active jamming pib rov qab rau hauv 1977. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1984, txoj haujlwm tau ua rau tsim thawj Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa ntawm Su-34 aircraft. Nyob rau hauv 1990, tsis ntev ua ntej lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, thawj cov qauv twb twbdhau qhov kev lees paub nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub xeev tshwj xeeb tsim commission. Txawm hais tias lub xeev vau thiab tag nrho cov teeb meem nrog, kev txhim kho cov thawv rau lub complex tau ua tiav los ntawm nruab nrab-90s.

Kev ua tsov rog hluav taws xob "Khibiny" npaj rau dab tsi? Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv lub dav hlau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cuaj luaj thiab cov cuaj luaj cua-rau-huab cua uas tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pilots. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim yog kev tawm tsam ntawm homing systems ntawm cov riam phom no los ntawm kev teeb tsa kev sib tw.

Tests

Lawv qhov kev sim siab tau teem rau thaum xaus xyoo 1995. Cov qauv hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau raug kuaj xyuas hauv lub xeev, uas ntau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv yav dhau los raug kho. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov shortcomings tau txheeb xyuas lub sijhawm no thiab. Yog li ntawd, qhov kawg ntawm kev xeem tau pib tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli 1997. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 2004, Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm Lavxias Air Force, ua ib feem ntawm riam phom complex rau Su-34 aircraft.

Lub Yim Hli 2013, ib daim ntawv cog lus tseem ceeb tau kos npe, raws li cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv tebchaws yuav tsum tau nruab yuav luag txhua lub dav hlau Su-34 thiab lwm yam qauv uas tuaj yeem siv thev naus laus zis hauv nkoj xws li riam phom nrog cov cuab yeej no. Tus nqi kwv yees ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ntau tshaj ib thiab ib nrab lab rubles. Nws tau xav tias yav tom ntej lub Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog yuav raug teeb tsa rau Su-30M cov tub rog thiab cov dav hlau zoo sib xws.

History of Prototypes

thawj tus qauv suav nrogib qho thaiv lub luag haujlwm kom raug nco ntsoov cov zaus siv (TSh qauv). Raws li txoj cai, cov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob digital rau ncua sij hawm "Teb" teeb liab kuj tseem nyob ntawd. Cov khoom tshiab kawg ntawm "pua pua" series tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov thaiv no. Txij li thaum xyoo 1984, cov khoom Khibiny no tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb cais, vim tias cov haujlwm ua haujlwm loj dhau rau ib lub lag luam. Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub teeb liab ncua kab tau hloov kho mus rau qib "Response-M".

Ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Sukhoi Design Bureau

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias thawj tus qauv ua haujlwm, uas tau ua tiav raws li cov lus qhia, tsuas yog tsis haum rau hauv lub dav hlau compartments. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov kev ua yuam kev yav tom ntej, cov neeg tsim qauv pib ua haujlwm nrog Sukhoi Design Bureau ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws. Txij no mus, txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm Khibiny tau coj los ntawm V. V. Kryuchkov.

first flights

Hauv xyoo 1990, thawj "flying" qauv hla txhua theem ntawm Lub Xeev lees txais, raug lees paub tias tsim nyog rau kev teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm USSR Air Force. Cov txheej thib ob tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa hauv L-175V lub thawv ntim khoom thiab tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa ntawm ntau tus qauv ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab tua cov dav hlau ntawm Su tsev neeg. Raws li tau hais los saum no, thawj lub davhlau ntawm lub dav hlau nrog cov cuab yeej no nyob rau hauv lub nkoj tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1995.

Yog li pib thawj theem ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev lees paub. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1997, nyob rau hauv Ramenskoye, lub Su-34 nrog lub L-175V thawv ntsia tau kuj ntse ya tawm thiab ua tiav tag nrho cov kev xeem ua hauj lwm uas tau muab rau.complex constructors.

Nws sai sai tau pom tseeb tias qhov teeb meem kev lag luam nyuaj hauv lub tebchaws tsis tau tso cai sai sai rau kev tsim cov Su-34s tshiab kom txaus, thiab nrog rau L-175V ntim lawv tus kheej kom haum rau kev ua tsov rog hauv hluav taws xob, txhua yam. tsis yooj yim li. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Khibiny pib tiv thaiv tag nrho cov pab pawg ntawm cov dav hlau. Nws tau xav tias qhov kev hloov kho ntawm txoj haujlwm no yuav raug siv los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov neeg foob pob thiab cov neeg tua rog ya hauv lub npog echelon.

Kev tsim ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus tau yooj yim heev, uas ua rau nws ua tau kom txo tau tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov complex. Lub sijhawm no, U1 thiab U2 ntim tau suav nrog hauv kev ua tsov rog hluav taws xob. Lub peculiarity ntawm no innovation yog hais tias lawv khiav hauj lwm zaus tag coincided nrog cov Khibiny. Qhov tseeb, cov no yog cov tshuab xa hluav taws xob siab uas tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub zog ntawm lub ntsiab complex, tab sis txawm hais txog lub hom phiaj tsim.

Lwm ntim khoom

khub thib ob suav nrog cov ntim ntawm Sh1 thiab Sh0 qauv. Ntawm no lawv muaj xov tooj cua ntau zaus uas txawv ntawm lub ntsiab Khibiny complex. Lawv siv lub logic tswj sib txawv kiag li los ntawm leej niam leej txiv, thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem siv los teeb tsa kev sib koom ua ke ntawm hom sib txawv, zoo dua. Tej zaum, tom qab sib txuas tag nrho cov kev txhim kho hauv cheeb tsam no, Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog complex ML-265 tau tsim.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev hloov kho no muaj peev xwm siv qhov nyuaj yam tsis muaj ib qho twgntim. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub Su-35, cov cuab yeej no yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub airframe tsim. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ib tug tshiab qauv, "Khibiny-60", kev siv lej ua qauv tau dav siv, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kwv yees nrog qhov tseeb siab ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm txoj kev nyuaj hauv ntau yam kev sib ntaus sib tua, txawm tias huab cua. Los ntawm txoj kev, tib txoj hauv kev tau siv me ntsis ua ntej, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim KS418 complex.

Khibiny squad

Yog li, Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog suav nrog dab tsi? Nov yog nws cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim:

Lub "lub siab" ntawm txoj kev yog RER "Proran", lossis nws cov khoom siv niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab cais tawm.
Lub kaw lus tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev cuam tshuam "Regatta". Feem ntau, cov niaj hnub thiab qib siab analogues yog tam sim no siv. Cov cuab yeej no tuaj yeem nyob hauv ob qho tib si hauv lub thawv thiab txuas ncaj qha rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm lub dav hlau.
Raws li peb tau hais, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob ua tsov rog ntawm Khibiny kuj suav nrog cov cuab yeej tsim los teeb tsa kev sib tsoo thaum tiv thaiv cov dav hlau. mounted nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv. Tsis paub meej specifications.
Ib lub thaiv tsim los kom nco tau qhov zaus. Model TS.
Thaum kawg, lub tshuab hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siab tau siv, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv tseeb kuj tseem yog qhov tsis paub.

Raws li tus nqi ntawm cov riam phom no, txij li xyoo 2014, tus nqi ntawm ib txheej yog tsawg kawg yog 123 lab rubles.

Technical yam ntxwv ntawm complex

Cia peb xav txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo nyob hauv lub thawv. Raws li txoj cai, hauv lub luag haujlwm no, qhov qub, tab sis muaj pov thawj zoo L-175V / L-265 yog siv:

length - 4.95 m;
taub - 35 cm;
nyhav - 300 kg.

thaj chaw Jamming

Kev sib tshooj yog +/- 45 degrees nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab hemispheres.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshawb nrhiav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 1, 2…40 GHz.
Lub kaw lus nquag ua haujlwm nws tus kheej ua haujlwm ntawm zaus ntawm 4…18 GHz.
Kev khiav hauj lwm zaus ntawm qhov nyuaj rau npog kev sib txuas davhlau yog 1…4 GHz.
Tag nrho lub zog siv yog 3600W.

theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub complex

thawj Proran qauv. Nyob rau theem no, kev txawj ntse ntawm hluav taws xob tau tsim.
Regatta. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov engineers twb tau ua hauj lwm ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm cov cuab yeej uas yuav siv tau los teeb active jamming.
Thaum kawg, Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog chaw nres tsheb nws tus kheej tau tsim, uas tau txais los ntawm kev sib txuas Proran thiab Regatta.
Kev tsim kho thiab tsim cov qauv Khibiny-10V. Qhov no yog kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau kev teeb tsa ntawm T-10V / Su-34 aircraft.
Complex KS-418E. Nws tau tsim los pab txhawb nqa lub dav hlau xa tawm Su-24MK / Su-24MK2. Pom tau tias, qhov kev kho kom zoo zaum kawg ntawm tus qauv no tsis tau ua tiav txij li hnub no.

Kev hloov kho niaj hnub ntawm txoj kev

Khibiny-M10/M6.
Hloov kho "Khibiny-60".
"Container" complex L-265 / L-265M10. Ib qho kev sib txawv tshwj xeeb tam sim no tsuas yog siv ntawm Su-35 aircraft.
Qhov hloov kho thiab zoo tshaj plaws, "Khibiny-U". Nws tau pom thawj zaug ntawm MAKS-2013 aviation salon. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rau ntawm lub installation ntawm complex ntawm tag nrho cov domestic pem hauv ntej-line aircraft. Tom qab ntawd nws tau paub tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob no yuav muab tso rau ntawm Su-30SM.
Tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws, "Tarantula". Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog nws txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev thov.

Lub dav hlau twg siv los ua cov nqa khoom?

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kab lus, lub dav hlau thauj khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv no yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm Sukhoi Design Bureau. Peb twb tau tham txog vim li cas rau qhov no. Yog li tsis muaj dab tsi xav tsis thoob hauv cov npe hauv qab no:

Lub Su-34 tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub thawv L-175V / L-175VE, uas tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov tsim nyog Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog chaw nres tsheb.
Su-35 feem ntau nqa tus qauv "M" tso rau hauv L-265.
Su-30SM tau npaj yuav nruab tshwj xeeb nrog Khibiny-U.

Kev sim thiab siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ze rau kev sib ntaus

Peb twb tau hais txog thawj theem ntawm kev xeem hauv xeev. Thaum twg lwm tus Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog siv? Nws tau tshaj tawm tias xyoo 2000, qee lub sijhawm tom qab kev tawm tsam ntawm Chechen cov tub rog ntawm Afghanistan, Tub Rog Tub Rog tau kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm siv Su-34 los npog cov foob pob. Su-24. Yog lawm, Khibiny tau nruab rau ntawm Su-24 hluav taws xob ua tsov rog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev muaj sia nyob ntawm cov dav hlau no hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Nws tseem paub tias xyoo 2013 daim ntawv cog lus tau kos npe rau kev muab khoom ntawm tsawg kawg 92 qhov chaw rau cov tub rog. Tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus no yog hais txog 12 billion rubles. Feem ntau, cov dav hlau (tsis paub tias yog leej twg) yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej no tsis pub dhau 2020.

Lub Plaub Hlis 2014, kev sim tau ua tiav ze rau kev sib ntaus sib tua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua tsov rog ntawm Khibiny raug xa mus los tiv thaiv Su-34. Nws tau xav tias lawv yuav raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab muaj peev xwm, uas yog MiG-31. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev sim no tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm.

Kuk thiab Khibiny: tseeb lossis cuav?

Lub Plaub Hlis ntawm tib lub xyoo, ib tsab xov xwm xav paub tau tshwm sim ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Ntau qhov kev xav tsis zoo tam sim ntawd muab tso rau hauv "Kev Ntseeg" ntu. Nws hais li cas txog kev ua tsov rog hluav taws xob "Khibiny"? "Donald Cook", uas nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 12, 2014 tau dhau los ze ntawm Crimea, raug liam tias "tawm tsam" los ntawm Su-24, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub nkoj tau "choked" nrog kev pab ntawm lub complex. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev cov kab lus nrog cov ntsiab lus tau raug tshem tawm sai sai, vim nws tau muab cov hauv qab no:

Yog, lub ziab ua tau ncig lub nkoj.
Tsis muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm ob tog.
"Khibiny" tam sim no tsis tau tso rau Su-24 (qhov no yog qhov taw qhia moot).
Khoom siv ntawm chav kawm no tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem txwv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis yog lub nkoj me tshaj plaws.

Yog li, peb tau tshuaj xyuas Khibiny hluav taws xob ua tsov rog. Nws yog dab tsi? Hauv qhov tseeb, qhov no yog qhov kev ua tsov rog hauv hluav taws xob siab heev uas tso cai rau cov dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua kom khiav tawm cov yeeb ncuab cuaj luaj los ntawm kev tua lawv cov kev taw qhia tsis siv neeg.