Tub huabtais Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. Txoj cai hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws thaum lub sijhawm kav Svyatopolk

Cov txheej txheem:

Tub huabtais Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. Txoj cai hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws thaum lub sijhawm kav Svyatopolk
Tub huabtais Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. Txoj cai hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws thaum lub sijhawm kav Svyatopolk

Video: Tub huabtais Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. Txoj cai hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws thaum lub sijhawm kav Svyatopolk

Video: Tub huabtais Svyatopolk Izyaslavich. Txoj cai hauv tebchaws thiab txawv teb chaws thaum lub sijhawm kav Svyatopolk
Video: Святополк Изяславич 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Kawm txog lub neej ntawm cov thawj coj uas kav lub nroog Kievan Rus (Kyiv, Novgorod, Chernigov, Vladimir-Volynsky) thiab lwm tus, cov kws sau keeb kwm tau sib piv txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tsev neeg thiab tus kheej zoo li cas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim lub xeev zoo. Kievan Rus.

Svyatopolk Izyaslavich tau nco qab ntau dua los ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv raws li tus neeg txiav txim siab ntawm txoj cai txawv teb chaws, uas tau ua me ntsis rau kev sib sau ntawm lub xeev.

Pedigree ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich

Svyatopolk (ntawm kev cai raus dej Mikhail) yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 1050. Nws txiv Izyaslav Yaroslavich yog tus tub huabtais ntawm Kyiv. Leej niam yog leej twg tsis paub meej. Raws li qee qhov chaw, nws yog tus poj niam ntawm nws txiv, raws li lwm qhov chaw - tus ntxhais ntawm tus huab tais Polish Mieszko II - Gertrude.

Svyatopolk txiv yog tus tub nruab nrab ntawm Yaroslav the Wise thiab tus ntxhais huab tais Swedish Ingegerda (Irina thaum ua kev cai raus dej).

Svyatopolk Izyaslavich
Svyatopolk Izyaslavich

Izyaslav kav hauv Kyiv thaum nws tus tub Svyatopolk muaj 19 xyoo,thiab nws muab nws los kav hauv Polotsk xyoo 1069.

Lub sijhawm keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho Kievan Rus tom qab kev tuag ntawm Yaroslav tus Txawj Ntse yog suav tias yog lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum Svyatopolk Izyaslavich thiab lwm tus thawj coj ua tsov rog tsis tu ncua nrog ib leeg thiab Polovtsians.

pib kav

Izyaslav tus tub ntawm Polotsk kav tsuas yog 2 xyoos xwb, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau tawm hauv lub nroog thiab rov qab mus rau nws txiv hauv Kyiv, raws li tus qub tswv ntawm lub volost tau txais lub nroog.

Nyob rau hauv 1073-1077 Svyatopolk thiab nws txiv tau raug ntiab tawm, thiab tom qab Izyaslav rov pib kav hauv Kyiv, nws muab nws tus tub Novgorod, uas nws kav mus txog rau 1088. Los ntawm 1089 mus 1093 nws kav nyob rau hauv Turov. Kev tuag ntawm Yaroslav cov tub txawj ntse kawg ua rau lub fact tias txoj cai nyob rau hauv Kyiv yuav dhau mus rau nws tus tub hlob, Svyatopolk.

Kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich
Kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich

Txawm hais tias cov neeg ntawm Kyiv xav kom kav los ntawm Vladimir Monomakh, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslav, nws tsis xav ua txhaum txoj cai thiab caw Svyatopolk los tuav lub zwm txwv. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1093 nws tau los ua tus huab tais ntawm Kyiv.

Sib ntaus sib tua nrog Cumans

Kev kav ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich hauv Kyiv kav ntev li ntawm 1093 txog 1113 thiab tseem nyob hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg raws li lub sijhawm muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab phem heev. Thawj xyoo, tus tub huabtais tshiab tau qhia nws tus kheej los ua tus kav luv luv, tsis nkag siab txog txoj haujlwm ntawm Kievan Rus hauv kev cai txawv tebchaws.

Thaum Svyatopolk Izyaslavich tuav lub zwm txwv, Polovtsian horde mus ua rog tawm tsam Russia. Tab sis tau kawm txog tus tub huabtais tshiab, lawv tau xa ambassadors nrog kev thaj yeeb thiab ntau yam kev thov rau nws xaus. Tub huabtais tsis mloogcov lus qhia ntawm boyars, uas yog advisers txawm nyob rau hauv nws txiv thiab txiv ntxawm, tab sis ua raws li qhov kev thov ntawm nws warriors, uas tuaj rau nws los ntawm Turov, coj ambassadors mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog qhov pib ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas nrog rau tag nrho kev kav ntawm Svyatopolk. Polovtsy mus ua tsov ua rog, thiab txawm hais tias tus huab tais tshem tawm cov ambassadors thiab muab kev thaj yeeb, nws lig dhau lawm. Nrog ib pab tub rog ntawm tsuas yog 800 tus tub rog, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam Polovtsian princes.

Svyatopolk Izyaslavich xyoo kav
Svyatopolk Izyaslavich xyoo kav

Tom qab thaum kawg tau mloog Kyiv boyars, Svyatopolk thov kev pab los ntawm Chernigov Prince Vladimir Monomakh. Nws tsis tuaj ib leeg, tab sis hu nrog nws tus tij laug Rostislav nrog ib pab tub rog. Tab sis, txawm tias tau sau cov tub rog ua ke, lawv pom tias lawv cov lej tau qis dua rau cov tub rog Polovtsian.

Thaum ob pab tub rog tau ntsib ntawm ntug dej sib txawv ntawm Stugni River, Vladimir tau hais kom nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog Polovtsy, tab sis Svyatopolk tsis ua raws li cov lus qhia thiab txiav txim siab tawm tsam, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg Lavxias. Svyatopolk khiav nrog cov seem ntawm nws cov tub rog mus rau Trepol, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Kyiv.

Vladimir Monomakh hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau poob nws tus tij laug thiab feem ntau ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub rog thiab rov qab mus rau Chernigov hauv kev tu siab heev. Cov Polovtsy ntes thiab plundered thaj av sab qaum teb ntawm Kyiv thiab rhuav tshem lub nroog ntawm Torchesk, ntes tag nrho nws cov neeg nyob.

Tsuas yog xyoo 1094, Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, uas nws txoj kev tswj hwm xyoo pib nrog kev poob zoo, ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nrog Polovtsy, yuav tus ntxhais ntawm tus muaj hwj chim tshaj khan, Tugorkan.

Lyubech Congress

Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov thawj coj rau Chernigov thiab Novgorod qub txeeg qub teg ua rau muaj kev sib cav tsis tu ncua thiab ntshav,mus txog thaum cov princes txiav txim siab los sib sau ua ke thiab daws txhua yam teeb meem amicably. Nyob rau hauv 1097, cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Yaroslav the Wise tau ntsib nyob rau hauv Lyubech: Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, Vladimir Monomakh, David Igorevich, Oleg nrog nws tus tij laug David thiab Vasilko Rostislavich.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub rooj sib tham yog los koom ua ke cov thawj coj ntawm Kievan Rus tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab sab nraud thiab ruaj ntseg rau lawv txhua tus ntawm lawv txoj hmoo uas lawv muaj cai los ntawm txoj cai. Qhov no tau ua kom cov thawj coj tsis tau thov ib leeg lub tebchaws thiab tsis ua tsov rog internecine.

kav Svyatopolk Izyaslavich
kav Svyatopolk Izyaslavich

Txhua tus tau pom zoo rau kev faib av, thiab leej twg yuav kav. Cov thawj coj tau hnia tus ntoo khaub lig ua ib qho cim qhia tias lawv pom zoo nrog qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab cog lus tias yuav tsis ua txhaum. Tsis tas li ntawd, sawv daws tau pom zoo tias lawv yuav koom ua ke tawm tsam tus uas ua txhaum txoj lus cog tseg.

Qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub rooj sib tham no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm, vim nws tau qhia meej txog kev tawg ntawm Kievan Rus rau hauv cov thawj coj ywj pheej, npaj txhij los koom ua ke thaum muaj kev phom sij sab nraud. Tag nrho cov no cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov thawj coj thiab tsuas yog kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich thiab los rau lub hwj chim ntawm Vladimir Monomakh hloov nws.

Congress in Vitechevo

Svyatopolk tsoo nws cov lus cog tseg hauv Lyubech los ntawm kev mloog cov lus dag ntawm David, uas tau khib cov kwv tij Vasilko thiab Volodar Rostislavich. Tom qab caw Vasilko rau nws lub hnub yug, Svyatopolk tso cai rau David ua rau nws dig muag thiab coj nws mus rau Vladimir.

Qhov kev ua phem no ua rau tag nrho cov tub txib thiab cov thawj coj, txij li qhov kev lim hiam no tseem tsis tau muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Vladimir Monomakh hu rau lwm tus neeg koom hauv lub rooj sib tham ntawm cov kwv tij Oleg thiab DavidSvyatoslavich thiab mus rau Kyiv.

Kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich hnub
Kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich hnub

Kev tawm tsam pej xeem tsis tau tshwm sim tsuas yog vim Vladimir tus niam txiv tawm tuaj thov Kiev thiab thaj av Lavxias. Cov thawj coj tau thov kom Svyatopolk mus ua rog tawm tsam David Igorevich, uas nws tau ua hauv 1099

Kev tsov rog uas ua raws tom qab qhov no tau ua rau lub rooj sib tham tshiab, uas tau tuav hauv 1100 hauv Vitichevsk. Nws cov txiaj ntsig yog kev koom ua ke ntawm Vladimir-Volynsky rau thaj av ntawm Svyatopolk.

Dolobskiy congress

Lub rooj sib tham Dolobsky ntawm 1103 tau raug xaiv los ntawm Vladimir Monomakh los tuav tswv yim nrog Kyiv tus huab tais txog qhov xav tau kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov Polovtsians. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, uas nws txoj cai tswjfwm hauv tebchaws thiab txawv tebchaws tsis tau txhawb nqa Russia thiab kev ywj pheej los ntawm Polovtsian yoke, tsis xav ua tub rog, hais txog lub siab xav ntawm pab pawg tsis txhob sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis los sow.

Thaum ntsib nyob ze ntawm Dolobsky Lake, ntawm sab laug ntawm Dnieper, Vladimir tau hais lus uas nws ntseeg hais tias ua ntej cog, ciam teb yuav tsum muaj zog, txwv tsis pub cov yeeb ncuab yuav rhuav tshem cov zos thiab hlawv cov qoob loo.

Nws ntseeg ob tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua thiab Svyatopolk ntawm qhov xav tau kev ua rog tawm tsam Polovtsians. Yog li pib cov phiaj xwm ntawm Russians tawm tsam cov conquerors.

Tawm mus tawm tsam Polovtsy

Kev ua phem tau pib hauv 1103 tau los ua thawj zaug kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Kievan Rus tawm tsam Polovtsian khas. Kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm ob pab tub rog, uas tau siv sijhawm ntau dua 7 xyoo, ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias hauv txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab cov neeg Lavxias yeej ib txwm yeej.

Kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 27, 1111, thaum cov tub rog Polovtsian tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias thiabtig khiav. Cov tub huabtais rov qab los tsev nrog cov khoom nplua nuj.

poj niam thiab cov menyuam ntawm Svyatopolk

Historians tsis paub dab tsi txog Svyatopolk thawj tus poj niam, tab sis lawv tau yug los hauv kev sib yuav:

  • tus tub Yaroslav (1072-1123) - nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm tus huab tais ntawm Vladimir-Volynsky, Vyshgorodsky thiab Turov;
  • daughter Anna (d. 1136);
  • daughter of Sbyslav (d. 1111);
  • tus ntxhais ntawm Predslava.

Tus poj niam thib ob yog Khan Tugorkan tus ntxhais, ua kev cai raus dej Elena. Los ntawm kev sib yuav no yug:

  • Bryachislav (1104-1123);
  • Izyaslav (d. 1127);
  • Mary (d. tom qab 1145).

Tus tub hlob ntawm Svyatopolk yog tus tub Mstislav (d. 1099), yug los ntawm tus poj niam.

Svyatopolk Izyaslavich txoj cai nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws
Svyatopolk Izyaslavich txoj cai nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws

Kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich (hnub tim 1113-16-04) ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam nrov hauv Kyiv. Cov neeg, tsis txaus siab rau txoj kev kav ntawm tus tub huabtais tuag, thov Vladimir Monomakh rau lub zwm txwv. Tsuas yog kom tsis txhob muaj kev kub ntxhov, nws pom zoo ua vaj ntxwv hauv Kyiv.

Svyatopolk hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus

Kev tuag ntawm Svyatopolk Izyaslavich tau xaus rau lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov, uas nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Kievan Rus yog hu ua ib qho ntawm cov ntshav siab thiab phem tshaj plaws. Nrog lub advent ntawm lub reign ntawm Vladimir Monomakh, ib zaug fragmented lub xeev los ua ib tug thiab muaj zog hwj chim.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev tsis txaus siab ntshav thiab kev tuag coob ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv txoj cai pom luv luv thiab tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm Svyatopolk tau dhau los ua lus ceeb toom rau cov thawj coj tom ntej ntawm Kievan Rus.

Pom zoo: