Cov txheej txheem:
Video: Yunus Emre: lub neej thiab keeb kwm
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:53
"Yuav nyiam npaum li cas! Koj txoj kev hlub yuav tua lawv" - ib kab los ntawm paj huam los ntawm Yunus Emre.
Qhov no yog ib tug kws sau paj lug Turkish thiab ua raws li Sufism, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub ntawm Anatolia (niaj hnub Turkey). Yunus Emre tau paub zoo hauv Sufi lub tswv yim. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam ua haujlwm ntawm 13th-xyoo pua Sufis xws li Jalaladdin Rumi. Zoo li Rumi, Yunus Emre tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Sufism hauv Anatolia, tab sis tau txais koob meej: tom qab nws tuag, nws tau hwm los ua neeg dawb huv.
Nws sau ua lus qub Turkish (Anatolian) lus. UNESCO General Conference unanimously tshaj tawm 1991 (750th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yug) ua "International Year of Yunus Emre". Cia peb tham ntxiv txog tus neeg zoo no.
Biography
Yunus Emre tau xav tias yug hauv 1240 hauv Anatolia - Asian ib feem ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv niaj hnub. Me ntsis paub txog lub neej ntawm tus kws sau paj lug: me me lub sij hawm ntawm biography yog sau los ntawm legends thiab autobiographical allusions nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm.
Raws li cov lus dab neeg uas tau hais ntau zaus, muaj ib hnub, thaum kev sau qoob loo hauv nws lub zos ua tsis tiav, Yunus Emre tuaj rau lub tsev ntawm ib lub zos dervish (cov Muslim sib npaug ntawm ib tug hauj sam) thov zaub mov. Nyob ntawd nws tau ntsib Haji Bektash, tus tsim ntawm Bektashi(Sufi xaj). Yunus Emre thov lub dervish rau nplej, es tsis txhob Haji Bektas muab nws foom koob hmoov rau nws. Peb zaug Yunus tsis kam lees, thiab thaum kawg, nws tau txais cov nplej. Ntawm txoj kev mus tsev, Yunus paub txog nws qhov yuam kev thiab rov qab mus rau dervish lub tsev kom tau txais nws txoj koob hmoov. Tab sis Haji Bektash hais rau Yunus tias nws tau plam nws lub sijhawm thiab xa Emre mus rau nws tus kav Taptuk. Yog li pib 40 xyoo ntawm Yunus kev cob qhia sab ntsuj plig nrog tus kws qhia Taptuk, thaum lub sijhawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv pib sau Sufi paj huam.
Los ntawm tus kws sau paj huam, ib tug tuaj yeem nkag siab tias nws kawm tau zoo: paj huam qhia txog kev paub txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm qhia nws tus kheej hauv Persian thiab Arabic nrog rau Turkish.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam qhia txog qee qhov keeb kwm keeb kwm: Yunus tau sib yuav, muaj menyuam yaus, mus ncig Anatolia thiab Damascus.
Nyob zoo
Zoo li Oghuz ua haujlwm "Kitabi Dede Korkud" ("Phau Ntawv Ntawm Kuv Txiv yawg Korkud"), tus yeeb yam ntawm Oghuz, cov lus dab neeg Turkish uas tau tshoov siab Yunus Emre los sau cov kab nto moo, nws cov paj huam tau nthuav tawm ntawm nws cov neeg kawm. los ntawm qhov ncauj.
Txoj kev hais lus nruj me ntsis no txuas ntxiv rau qee lub sijhawm. Tom qab Mongol ntxeem tau ntawm Anatolia, txhawb nqa los ntawm kev swb ntawm Sultanate ntawm Konya ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Köse Dagh hauv 1243, Islamic Sufi cov ntaub ntawv tau vam meej hauv Anatolia, thiab Yunus Emre tau los ua ib tus kws sau paj huam tshaj plaws.ntawm nws lub sijhawm.
Nws cov paj huam muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau tom qab Turkish Sufis thiab cov kws sau paj huam ntawm Renaissance tom qab xyoo 1910.
Yunus Emre tseem yog ib tus neeg nyiam nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws uas ncab los ntawm Azerbaijan mus rau Balkans: xya lub xeev sib txawv thiab tawg pleb tseem tab tom sib cav txog qhov chaw ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm tus kws sau paj lug zoo nyob.
paj huam
Yunus Emre cov paj huam, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias thaum xub thawj siab ib muag lawv zoo li yooj yim heev, ua tim khawv rau tus kws sau paj huam muaj peev xwm piav qhia meej thiab meej piav txog cov ntsiab lus Sufi nyuaj heev. Nws mob siab rau nws lub neej los ua cov lus qhia uas txhawb nqa nws ua cov lus paj huam thiab nkag siab zoo rau tib neeg. Nws yog thawj tus tshaj tawm cov tswv yim zoo li no hauv ib hom lus ze rau Turkish, uas tau nrov siv thaum lub sijhawm.
Style
Yunus Emre tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov ntaub ntawv Turkish. Nws yog ib tug thawj kws sau paj lug ntawm nws lub sij hawm uas tau sau nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lus Turkish, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv Persian los yog Arabic. Yunus Emre style yog suav tias yog ze rau cov lus hais ntawm nws cov neeg kawm nyob rau hauv Central thiab Western Anatolia - nws yog cov lus ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj, fairy tales, riddles thiab proverbs.
Yunus cov paj huam, permeated los ntawm kev sib sib zog nqus kev xav, feem ntau mob siab rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev hlub thiab tib neeg txoj hmoo. Yeej, nws sau nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim, yuav luag nruj style, lub 'meter' ib txwm corresponded rau uas saws nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem paj huam ntawm Anatolia.
Series
Yunus Emre yog tus cwj pwm rau hnub notxhawb siab ntau. Nws tsis yog coincidence uas ib tug series tau mob siab rau nws lub neej. Tus thawj coj Turkish Kurshat Ryzbaz, uas yav tas los tua cov ntaub ntawv, coj mus rau kev tua ntawm zaj duab xis "Yunus Emre: Txoj Kev Hlub". Lub series tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv Qaib Cov Txwv nyob rau hauv 2015. Nws qhia txog lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg legendary, qhia txoj hauv kev los ntawm tus kws txiav txim Sharia mus rau tus kws sau paj huam zoo.
Series plot
Raws Yunus hloov ua ib tug neeg, ua li nws xav. Thaum pib ntawm lub series, kawm tiav los ntawm madrasah, nws yog dismissive thiab txawm contemmptuous ntawm paj huam thiab paj huam. "Lawv dag!" nws hais tias, tab sis thaum kawg ntawm koob, nws dhau los ua tus kws sau paj huam nws tus kheej. Thaum pib ntawm thawj lub caij, nws saib tsis taus cov dervishes, xav tias lawv yog cov neeg tsis muaj kev kawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd dhau los ua ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Tus Sheikh paub txog Yunus lub peev xwm, tab sis tsis tu ncua ua rau nws txoj kev xav thiab kev paub tsis meej, teeb tsa nws txoj haujlwm nyuaj, yuam nws tawm tsam nrog nws tus kheej hnub dhau los.
Conventionally, series yuav muab faib ua 3 ntu:
- Ntu 1-6: Yunus tuaj txog hauv Nalihan, tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm qadi (Sharia tus kws txiav txim plaub), ua thiab kho qhov kev txiav txim tsis raug thiab txiav txim siab tso haujlwm los ua dervish.
- Kawm hauv qab sheikh, sib tw nrog tus kheej los tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws rau sab ntsuj plig los ntawm kev ua haujlwm xws li ntxuav hlwb thiab chav dej.
- Kev txhim kho sab ntsuj plig ntawm Yunus, dhau los ua neeg ntseeg Sufi thiab kws sau paj huam.
Pom zoo:
Keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm thiab version ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub xeem Anisimov
Cov npe qub qub ntawm Slavic cov npe tau tsim los ntawm tag nrho daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj kev cai raus dej ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv. Feem ntau ntawm cov npe Lavxias teb sab los ntawm cov npe ua kev cai raus dej, uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj daim ntawv qhia hnub - daim ntawv qhia hnub dawb huv. Raws li cov ntseeg kev cai dab qhuas, tus me nyuam tau txais lub npe raws li ib tug neeg dawb huv revered los ntawm pawg ntseeg nyob rau hnub yug los yog kev cai raus dej ntawm tus me nyuam
Tus txiv neej lub npe zoo tshaj plaws: lub ntsiab lus, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, talismans, lub npe hnub, lub zog ntawm lub npe ntawm tus cwj pwm thiab txoj hmoo ntawm ib tug neeg
Yuav ua li cas tus tub? Lo lus nug no yog nug los ntawm ib tug poj niam uas tab tom tos txog kev yug me nyuam, txij li 5-6 lub hlis ntawm cev xeeb tub. Tus niam tsev xav xaiv tus txiv neej lub npe zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav nrog nws tus tub tos ntev rau nws lub neej
Keeb kwm ntawm lub xeem Uvarov: keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, lub ntsiab lus
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov npe tam sim no muaj ntau heev. Qee qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim lossis tus cwj pwm zoo, lwm tus los ntawm hom kev ua si lossis qhov chaw nyob. Koj ib txwm xav paub keeb kwm ntawm koj lub xeem - leej twg yog koj cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas nws lub xeem koj tam sim no dais. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub xeem Uvarov, nws lub ntsiab lus, etymology, uas hnav nws los ntawm cov neeg nto moo
Chij ntawm Macedonia: keeb kwm thiab piav qhia. Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm koom pheej ntawm Macedonia ua lub cim ntawm kev rov qab mus rau keeb kwm keeb kwm
Keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws tus chij ua lub cim ntawm lub teb chaws muaj ntau yam nthuav thiab lem. Thawj version tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Macedonia yog ib feem ntawm Yugoslavia
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm thiab Kos Duab ntawm Kaliningrad: piav qhia, keeb kwm thiab tshuaj xyuas
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm thiab kos duab (Kaliningrad) muaj ntau cov khoom qub keeb kwm, qhov twg Prussian keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog Soviet thiab niaj hnub. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv archival, ob peb ceg tso cai rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi paub txog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev ua tiav thiab qhov tseeb uas yog saturated nrog lub neej keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab cheeb tsam
