Lub monument rau Nicholas kuv yog ib qho ntawm cov duab puab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv St. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab squares ntawm sab qaum teb capital thiab ua hauj lwm raws li nws zoo kawg nkaus kho kom zoo nkauj. Outwardly reminiscent ntawm tus naas ej "Bronze Horseman", txawm li cas los nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thawj, feem ntau los ntawm ib tug engineering thiab technical point ntawm view, thiab kuj txawv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv tsos.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Lub monument rau Nicholas kuv tau tsa los ntawm kev pib ntawm nws tus neeg ua tiav thiab tus tub Alexander II. Tus kws sau ntawv yog O. Montferrand, los yog theej, tom kawg tau tsim cov qauv tsim thiab tsim cov pedestal, thiab tus huab tais lub cev yog tsim thiab nrum los ntawm P. Klodt. Casting thiab creation tau kav peb xyoos, thiab qhib tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1859. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, cov khoom tseem ceeb tau siv, xws li Italian marble. Thaum xub thawj, tus sculptor tau npaj ua ib daim duab ntawm tus kav ntawm tus nees nyob ntsiag to, tab sis qhov project no tau tsis lees paub los ntawm Montferrand, leej twg xav muab ob feem ntawm lub xwmfab nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, uas tau daws nyob rau hauv ntau yam architectural style. Yog li ntawd, lub monument rau Nicholas kuv tau txais daim ntawv uas muaj tam sim no. Tus huab tais zaum ntawm ib tug nees nyob rau hauv motion, uaslub siab xav ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb yog qhov sib txawv.
Qhov chaw
Cov duab puab nyob rau ntawm lub square ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral thiab Mariinsky Theatre. Nws yog nyob rau tib lub axis nrog tus naas ej "Bronze Horseman", uas yog ib yam ntawm allegory: tom qab tag nrho cov, nws yog paub hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej tus huab tais nrhiav kom xyaum Peter kuv, thiab xws li ib tug kev npaj, obviously, yuav tsum tau hais txog. qhov no continuity nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias cov neeg tsim tau nrhiav kom tig lub xwmfab mus rau hauv ib qho kev coj noj coj ua thiab archaeological pawg, thiab rau qhov no lawv tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho lub monument hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Rau qhov kawg tsim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw qhia, lub monument rau Nicholas kuv tau tsa rau ntawm St. Isaac's Square. St. Petersburg, yog li, tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lwm cov duab puab uas tau mob siab rau ib tus huab tais.
Zoo
Thaum saib, qhov kev sib xyaw tshiab yog qhov nco txog tus pej thuam nto moo ntawm Peter I, uas Nikolai Pavlovich tiag tiag xav xyaum thaum nws kav. Tias yog vim li cas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj cov lus qhia meej rau lub monument no, tab sis tib lub sij hawm nws txawv ntawm nws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no siv rau lub cev ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb. Nyob rau hauv thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub tsar yog depicted nyob rau hauv dynamics: nws zaum nrog nws txhais tes outstretched, nws lub cev yog qhia rau pem hauv ntej, thiab tig ntawm nws lub taub hau symbolizes kev ntshaw mus rau yav tom ntej. Lub monument rau Nicholas kuv, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, nthuav qhia nws zoo li lub siab xav thiab majestic, uas yog tseem ceeb ntawm lub qhov rooj.lub pedestal uas daim duab yog muab tso rau. Tus tsar nws tus kheej tau nthuav tawm hauv cov khaub ncaws ntawm Nees Regiment, uas tseem hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov duab puab, thaum Bronze Horseman muaj lub ntsiab lus ntau dua. Nws tau ua nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm enlightenment lub tswv yim thiab yuav tsum tau cim lub yeej ntawm lub laj thawj thiab qhov zoo ntawm Peter txoj kev hloov kho. Tab sis lub monument rau Nicholas kuv nyob rau St. Isaac's Square personified lub hwj chim thiab greatness ntawm lub imperial hwj chim. Qhov no tau ua raws li tus ntsuj plig ntawm txoj kev kav ntawm tus huab tais no, uas tau mob siab rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsis txaus ntseeg.
jewelry
Cais, yuav tsum tau hais txog cov dluab allegorical nyob rau ntawm lub pedestal ntawm lub monument. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov no yog plaub tus poj niam uas cim lub zog, kev txawj ntse, kev ncaj ncees thiab kev ntseeg. Lawv lub ntsej muag yog portrait duab ntawm tus huab tais thiab cov ntxhais ntawm tus huab tais no. Lawv tus sau yog R. Zaleman. Nruab nrab ntawm ob daim duab yog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Peb kuj yuav tsum hais txog cov bas-reliefs uas piav txog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev kav Nicholas: Decembrist uprising, cholera riot, muab khoom plig ntawm Speransky rau luam tawm ib txoj cai lij choj thiab qhib lub railway choj los ntawm huab tais. Peb lub bas-reliefs tau ua los ntawm Romazanov, ib qho los ntawm Zaleman. Thaum xub thawj, lub monument rau Nicholas kuv ntawm St. Isaac's Square hauv St. Petersburg tsis muaj laj kab, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tau ntxiv.
Technical zoo
Cov duab puab yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm engineering. Qhov tseeb yog qhov ntawdtus pej thuam sawv ntawm lub pedestal, leaning tsuas yog ob lub ntsiab lus - cov no yog tus nees ob txhais ceg. Nws yog tib lub tsev ntawm nws hom nyob hauv Europe. Ib qho kev tsim kho zoo sib xws tsuas yog siv hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum lub sijhawm erection ntawm E. Jackson. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau xav tias lub monument rau Nicholas kuv nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog ruaj khov vim lub fact tias cov hlau txhaj tshuaj tau muab tso rau hauv lub nees pej thuam nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua rau lub fulcrum hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, tsis muaj dab tsi pom. Nws muab tawm tias cov qauv ruaj khov vim muaj cov kab hlau tshwj xeeb hnyav, uas tau txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws.
Txoj hmoo ntxiv
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm demolishing lub monument rau Nicholas kuv ntawm St. Isaac's Square nyob rau hauv St. Hloov chaw, nws tau npaj los muab cov duab puab ntawm ib tus thawj coj ntawm Red Army: Frunze lossis Budyonny. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum sib tham txog qhov teeb meem, lawv tau coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev pom, thiab nws yuav nyuaj heev rau kev rhuav tshem nws, thiab hauv qhov no, lawv txiav txim siab tawm ntawm cov qauv. Tom qab ntawd, qhov project kuj raug tsis lees paub los hloov nws nrog lwm tus qauv. Tsuas yog lub laj kab raug tshem tawm, txawm li cas los xij, tau rov qab los tom qab qee lub sijhawm.
Meaning
Lub neo-Baroque monument tau dhau los ua qhov txuas ntawm tag nrho cov square. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj ntau lub tsev ua nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm nws, thiab qhov project tau npaj los tsim ib cokev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib haum xeeb hauv qhov chaw no. Qhov no muaj pes tsawg leeg yog txawv los ntawm lightness thiab dynamism, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm monumentality, majesty, calm solemnity yog muaj nyob rau hauv nws. Xws li kev ua tiav zoo ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev tso cai rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke los ua qhov kawg hauv lub xwmfab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov zoo ib yam li "Bronze Horseman" yog ib hom kev siv rau yav dhau los cov tsev, uas yuav tsum tau txuas tag nrho cov kab lis kev cai ntawm qhov chaw no rau hauv ib qho tag nrho. Txoj hauj lwm no tau daws tag nrho los ntawm cov neeg tsim ntawm qhov project tshiab.
Lub monument rau Nicholas I hauv St. Petersburg, uas nws qhov chaw nyob yog St. Isaac's Square (los ntawm Admir alteyskaya chaw nres tsheb, raws Morskaya Street), tau los ua ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo ntawm nws tus kws sau ntawv kom ua tiav qhov kev pom dav dav ntawm tsis yog xwb. qhov chaw no, tab sis tag nrho lub nroog feem ntau. Paub tias yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib tshaj plaws, ob qho tib si rau nws cov khoom xyaw thiab rau lub teeb zoo nkauj nyob ib puag ncig nws.
