Tus poj niam zoo nkauj no tsuas muaj ob peb xyoos xwb - nyob ib ncig ntawm 2204. Piv nrog rau ntau tus ntxhais hluas uas muaj keeb kwm zoo sib xws, nws tseem hluas heev. Nika tuaj txog ntawm lub Louvre los ntawm cov kob ntawm Samothrace, nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Aegean (raws li ib tug ntawm cov dab neeg, cov kob no yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Poseidon), nyob rau hauv 1863 nws tau qhuas tus lwm-consul ntawm Fabkis thiab amateur archaeologist Charles Champoiseau, tshwm sim. ua ntej nws qhov muag pom tseeb tsis deb ntawm lub nroog Andrinopol. Muaj tseeb tiag, tus pej thuam pom tsis muaj lub taub hau. Kuv xav tias nws nyob hauv qab hiav txwv lossis hauv ib tus neeg sau?
History of the find
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg kho dua tshiab tau sib sau ua tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev yeej ntawm cov tawg tsuas yog xyoo 1884. Sab tes xis ntawm tus pej thuam tau pom los ntawm German archaeologists tsuas yog xyoo 1950. Nika Samofrayskaya tsis maj mus tos txais tib neeg. La Victoire de Samothrace yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws ntawm Louvre. Thiab nws tau nthuav tawm ib yam li ntawd, sawv ntawm sab saum toj ntawm Daru stairs ua rau hauv qab, tiv thaiv lub nraub qaum ntawm phab ntsa liab qab,txhawm rau hais ntxiv qhov tseeb tias pob zeb diamond tiag tiag yog qhov zoo yam tsis muaj rim. Saib seb Nike ntawm Samothrace zoo li cas. Daim duab, hmoov tsis, yuav tsis qhia peb qhov tseeb, me ntsis golden xim ntawm marble, zoo li me ntsis tanned tawv dua li lub pob zeb txias. Piv rau nws, grey marble ntawm lub hauv paus zoo li neeg txawv teb chaws.
Keeb kwm ntawm tus pej thuam
Tus Greek sculptor Pythocritus (txawm tias tsis yog txhua tus kws tshawb fawb paub tseeb tias qhov kev txhais lus no tiag tiag) tsim nws nyob ib puag ncig 190 BC. e. nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm unnamed Greek naval yeej. Lub sijhawm no yog lub sijhawm uas cov neeg Loos, nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "rov qab txoj kev ywj pheej rau Greek lub nroog" los ntawm cov invaders los ntawm Macedonians, sai sai nthuav lawv cov nom tswv thiab nyiaj txiag cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kev cai ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Thiab tawm tsam qhov keeb kwm yav dhau no, xws li lub cim ntawm kev yeej thaj av ntawm Samothrace pob zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntxiv, qee cov neeg sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias tus pej thuam tau tsim meej meej hauv kev hwm ntawm kev yeej ntawm Antigonus II Gonat dhau ib qho ntawm Ptolemies, uas tau kav ntawm lub ruins ntawm Alexander lub teb chaws Ottoman xyoo 263 BC. e. Thiab tseem muaj ib tug version uas tus vajtswv poj niam Nika ntawm Samothrace tau "yug" nyob rau hauv Rhodes, nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub yeej ntawm Syrian fleet. Tab sis zaj dab neeg ntawm nws qhov tsos ntawm Samothrace yuav tsum yog qhov nyuaj dua. Lo lus Rhodhios (Rhodes) carved ntawm lub pedestal hais lus nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm qhov tseeb version. Lub pedestal nyob rau hauv tus pej thuam yog prow ntawm ib tug Greek warship, thiab tej zaum yuav tsis muaj feem xyuam rau tus vajtswv poj niam thiab lub sanctuary ntawm lub Kabirs.
About archaeology thiab geography
Nyob rau thaum nwspom, excavations tau ua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub sanctuary ntawm Kabirs. Cov no yog cov vajtswv uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm classical Greek pantheon. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov Hellenistic, ntau cov neeg Greeks tau sib sau ua ke rau Samothrace paub tsis meej, mob siab rau cov dab neeg uas tau hais tseg. Cov duab puab ntawm Nike ntawm Samothrace tau coj los ntawm Greeks ua khoom plig rau Kabirs. Tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Charles Champoiseau yog tus kws tshaj lij Fab Kis nyob rau sab hnub tuaj tau ntev thiab tau tswj kom yeej kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg Greek thiab cov tub ceev xwm Turkish. Tsuas yog qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tseeb tias cov neeg Greek tau pom nws qhov chaw uas tus mlom tau nkaum, thiab cov Turks tau tso cai thauj nws mus rau Fabkis. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, Nike ntawm Samothrace raug coj los ntawm Louvre thiab nkaum hauv qhov taub ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tsev fuabtais medieval, Valence, nyob ze ntawm Loire nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Fabkis. Nthuav xaiv tsev fuabtais. Xyoo 1803 nws tau yuav los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv de Talleyrand, ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm keeb kwm uas ib tus tuaj yeem hais tau tias nws paub peb ntau dua li peb tau ua txog nws.
Txhua yam ntawm nws
Tus tsis zoo Erich-Maria Remarque hauv "Arc de Triomphe" ntseeg tias Nike ntawm Samothrace yog "lub cim pheej yig ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab cov neeg tsis muaj lub tebchaws." Cia peb sim xyuas seb qhov twg coj nws mus rau qhov xaus? Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, mus saib lub Louvre, hu ua Nika "ib tug amazing, inhuman creatures." Nrog rau tag nrho cov sib txawv ntawm epithets, muaj ib yam dab tsi nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus no - ib tug ntxoov ntxoo ntawm alienation ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam rau lub ntiaj teb no. Tsis xav tias nws niam yog Oceanid Styx. Tus dej ntawm lub nceeg vaj ntawm kev tuag raws li leej niam ntawm yeej yog ib qho piv txwv tsis tau xav txog rau cov Greeks, ntau yam ntawm Egyptian thiab Hermetic kev lig kev cai. Tsis xav tias Nika qee zaum tau piav qhia nrog tus pas nrig ntawm Hermes hauv nws txhais tes.
Nika thiab kab lig kev caiart
Raws li ancient Greek mythology, Nike ntawm Samothrace yog tus ntxhais ntawm dej hiav txwv thiab titan. Nws cov duab feem ntau tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm ib tug pej thuam ntawm Zeus. Qhov no tsuas yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lwm tus vajtswv ntawm ib sab ntawm tus tswv ntawm xob laim. Lwm cov lus qhia ntawm tus thawj txawv teb chaws ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm kev cai Greek kev cai dab qhuas. Tab sis nws yog nthuav li cas nws yog lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm tag nrho cov classical art … Nws zoo nkaus li tias yuav luag tag nrho cov tom qab cov tubtxib saum ntuj thiab archangels ntawm Italian Renaissance tau pleev xim rau Nike. Txawm tias cov neeg ua yeeb yam Italian tuaj yeem pom qhov no lossis ib tus pej thuam zoo sib xws tsis paub. Tab sis nws yog nws uas ua rau muaj kev ntxub ntxaug loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov kiv cua ntawm cov khoom siv niaj hnub no. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, nyob rau hauv lub "Manifesto ntawm Futurism" luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1908, tshaj tawm hais tias: "… lub suab nrov, lub cav uas khiav zoo li ib tug loj buckshot, zoo nkauj tshaj tus pej thuam ntawm Nike ntawm Samothrace." Txawm li cas los xij, ib daim duab ntawm Nicky nyob rau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom kim heev Rolls-Royces.
