Château de Blois: keeb kwm, piav qhia nrog cov duab, hnub tim ntawm lub hauv paus, nthuav tseeb thiab muaj koob muaj npe secrets

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Château de Blois: keeb kwm, piav qhia nrog cov duab, hnub tim ntawm lub hauv paus, nthuav tseeb thiab muaj koob muaj npe secrets
Château de Blois: keeb kwm, piav qhia nrog cov duab, hnub tim ntawm lub hauv paus, nthuav tseeb thiab muaj koob muaj npe secrets

Video: Château de Blois: keeb kwm, piav qhia nrog cov duab, hnub tim ntawm lub hauv paus, nthuav tseeb thiab muaj koob muaj npe secrets

Video: Château de Blois: keeb kwm, piav qhia nrog cov duab, hnub tim ntawm lub hauv paus, nthuav tseeb thiab muaj koob muaj npe secrets
Video: Château de Chaumont-sur-Loire, France 2024, Lub peb hlis ntuj
Anonim

Fabkis yog ib lub tebchaws nplua nuj nyob hauv attractions. Tsis yog qhov chaw kawg hauv lub caj dab ntawm cov monuments tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab architecture yog nyob los ntawm cov castles ntawm Loire. Blois yog qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv. Tshaj nws ntau tshaj 700-xyoo keeb kwm, nws tau pom txhua yam: ups, downs, kev puas tsuaj, oblivion, muaj koob meej … Cia peb tham txog dab tsi yog paub thiab nthuav rau Château de Blois, dab tsi secrets thiab legends txuam nrog nws thiab dab tsi koj yuav tsum saib rau hauv yog tias koj tshwm sim mus txog ntawd.

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History of Appearance

Ib lub fortress muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais niaj hnub ntawm Blois muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 9th, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub fortification tau khaws cia thiab tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub tsev tom qab. Tom qab ntawd qhov chaw no tau los ntawm tsev neeg de Blois, thiab txawm tias muaj ntau yam xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm tau tshwm sim ntawm no. Txij thaum ntawd los, tsuas yog Hall of the States General, qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv lub tsev fuabtais, tau muaj sia nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th nws ob zauglub rooj sib tham ntawm Estates General. Muaj tseeb tiag, cov tswv tom qab tau hloov pauv ntau heev. Hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, chav tsev no tau siv rau lub rooj sib hais plaub. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub tsev fuabtais tau ua tiav tas li thiab ntxiv dag zog. Los ntawm thawj tus tswv, tsuas yog lub npe tseem nyob - Blois. Niaj hnub no, tag nrho lub nroog ntawm ko taw ntawm lub tsev keeb kwm no dais nws lub npe.

castle de blois
castle de blois

Architecture

Château de Blois yog qhov kev qhia tiag tiag rau cov qauv vaj tsev. Txij li thaum lub tsev tau tsim los rau ib-paus xyoo, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam cov architectural sib txawv thiab cov lus qhia. Lub kaum tsev ntauwd, uas tau khaws cia txij li lub xyoo pua 10th, yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub complex, nws qhia tau hais tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm Romanesque style thiab cov Gothic tshwm sim. Lub tsev fuabtais yog ib tug loj complex ntawm ob peb tis tsim nyob rau hauv txawv lub sij hawm ntawm keeb kwm. Tom qab lub tsev mus rau lub Dukes ntawm Orleans, ob lub tis tshiab tau tsim ntawm no.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1498 txog 1503, lub tis ntawm Louis XII tshwm. Nws style yog flaming gothic. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1515 txog 1524, tis ntawm Francis Thawj tshwm. Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm Renaissance ntawm Château de Blois. Lub staircase, raws li cov lus dab neeg, ua raws li cov duab kos ntawm Leonardo da Vinci, yog qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm qhov no ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Nws yog ib tug octahedron nyob rau hauv cross section thiab protrudes los ntawm lub dav facade ntawm lub tsev. Nws peb lub balconies muab kev pom zoo ntawm lub nroog thiab nws ib puag ncig. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1635 txog 1638, tis ntawm Gaston d'Orleans tau ntxiv rau lub tsev fuabtais. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm classicism. Txawm tias qhov no stylistickaleidoscope, lub complex zoo li sib haum xeeb. Nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab rau lub sijhawm ntev heev, kawm cov ntsiab lus thiab nrhiav pom cov cim ntawm cov sijhawm sib txawv. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub tsev fuabtais tau raug kho kom zoo thiab tib lub sijhawm tau txais nws cov niaj hnub saib. Niaj hnub no lub architectural masterpiece yog tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO.

castle blois france photo
castle blois france photo

Château de Blois hauv qab Dukes of Orleans

keeb kwm tiag tiag ntawm lub tsev fuabtais pib thaum xyoo pua 14th, thaum nws dhau mus rau hauv cov tsev neeg ntawm Dukes of Orleans. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Duke hauv 1391, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd, cov genus no tau ua tiav thiab hloov cov qauv. Ntau yam xwm txheej tseem ceeb los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm tsis yog lub tsev fuabtais nkaus xwb, tab sis tag nrho ntawm Fabkis kuj cuam tshuam nrog lawv. Thawj tus tswv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais los ntawm tsev neeg Orleans yog tus kwv tij ntawm Fabkis tus huab tais Charles VI, Louis. Tus tswv cuab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Fab Kis cov vajntxwv no yog lub siab nyiam, thiab Blois tau pom nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov poj niam siab. Txawm li cas los xij, Louis tsis nyob ntev hauv nws qhov muaj, raug tua, thiab lub tsev fuabtais dhau mus rau nws tus tub Charles. Tus duke no tau paub tias yog tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus neeg raug kaw lus Askiv. Nws siv 25 xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj nrog cov neeg Askiv. Tom qab nws tso tawm, Charles tau nyob hauv Blois thiab tau sib sau ua ke nyob ib puag ncig nws lub zej zog zoo nkauj. Nws tau destined los nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais rau 25 xyoo zoo siab tshaj plaws. Nws tau yuav poj huab tais German Marie de Cleves thiab coj lub neej nyob ntsiag to ncig los ntawm cov neeg nyiam kos duab zoo li nws.

tsev fuabtais ntawm blois keeb kwm
tsev fuabtais ntawm blois keeb kwm

Louis d'Orléans lub sijhawm

Tus tswv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev fuabtais yog Charles Louis tus tub, uas tau nce qib Fabkislub zwm txwv ntawm tus naj npawb 12. Nws hlub Blois heev uas nws txiav txim siab tsiv Fabkis lub peev ntawm no thiab txuas ib lub Gothic tis loj loj rau lub qub txeeg qub teg. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Louis lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj, lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Blois tau txais kev pab thiab tau los ua ib qho chaw luxurious tsim nyog ntawm ib tug crowned neeg. Louis Wing tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 3 xyoo. Qhov no airy, lub teeb chav tsev nrog balconies, zoo nkauj chav tsev, loj qhov rais zoo siab contemporaries. Thiab txawm niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho nyuaj kom tsis txhob qhuas no masterpiece. Ntxiv nrog rau lub tsev nyob, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Calais tau ua nyob rau hauv Louis, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws lub nkoj, hmoov tsis, tau ploj mus. Lub tis ntawm Louis yog nplua nuj dai kom zoo nkauj, cov cim heraldic thiab elegant Gothic "lace" tau siv hauv kev tsim. Lub sijhawm no, Blois dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov phiaj xwm huab tais, kev hlub thiab kev zais cia.

Royal tsev fuabtais ntawm blois
Royal tsev fuabtais ntawm blois

Lub sijhawm ntawm Francis I

Tus huab tais thib ob uas nyob hauv Blois yog Francis I. Tab sis lub tsev fuabtais rau nws tsis yog qhov chaw nyob, nws tsuas yog tuaj xyuas ntawm no. Tab sis qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm restructuring tswv cuab. Francis kuv muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob: Chambord, Fontainebleau, thiab suav nrog lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Blois (Fabkis). Daim duab qhia txog kev koom tes los ntawm Francis rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Nws pib tsim ib tug tshiab tis nyob rau hauv lub nce qib Renaissance style rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Rau 9 xyoo, kev ua hauj lwm tau mus rau ib tug tshiab masterpiece ntawm Blois. Lub façade yog ib txwm dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov cim qhia thiab cov cim ntawm huab tais, nws cov lus qhia tau tsim tawm ntawm lub tsev 11 zaug. Thaum nws tus poj niam uas nws hlub, Francis, tuag hauv 1524, nws nyuaj siab thiabncaim Blois mus ib txhis.

château blois sab nrauv duab
château blois sab nrauv duab

Lub sijhawm poob qis

Tom qab Francis kuv tuag, Henry III tau nce lub zwm txwv, nws tau txais lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Blois. Keeb kwm ntawm nws kav yog luv luv. Tab sis nws tau tswj hwm lub rooj sib tham Estates General ob zaug hauv Blois. Tsuas yog thaum ib qho ntawm cov rooj sib tham no hauv tsev fuabtais, Duke Henry de Guise thiab nws tus tij laug Cardinal de Guise raug tua. Tab sis tus tswv tsis tau ua ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab hauv vaj tse. Tom qab Henry III tuag, tus huab tais tom ntej, Henry IV, nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Nws, ib yam nkaus, tsis ntev txaus siab rau kev nplij siab thiab zoo nkauj ntawm Blois. Nyob rau hauv 1610, nws tuag, thiab nws tus poj niam, infamous Catherine de Medici, raug ntiab tawm mus rau lub tsev fuabtais. Xyoo 1626, tus tub ntawm Henry IV, Louis XIII, muab Blois ua khoom plig tshoob rau nws tus tij laug Gaston ntawm Orleans, yog li nws tshem tawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub peev. Nws mob siab rau tsim lub tis tshiab, uas tam sim no dais nws lub npe. Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1660, Gaston tuag, thiab lub tsev fuabtais tseem nyob rau hauv oblivion. Tab sis kev tsim kho lub tis tshiab tau ua tiav los ntawm tus kws kos duab F. Mansart. Baroque ntsiab thiab classical kab nrog sib txawv txiav txim los ua ib tug tshwj xeeb architectural feature ntawm no tis. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev fuabtais poob rau hauv kev puas tsuaj, tsuas yog ob peb vassals ntawm huab tais nyob ntawm no. Lub tuam tsev yog dhuav thiab poob sib nrug. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Louis XVI txawm txiav txim siab muag Blois, tab sis tsis muaj cov neeg yuav khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd tus huab tais tau txiav txim kom cov cuab yeej cuab tam mus rau hauv av. Hmoov zoo, lub tsev pom kev siv tshiab: cov tub rog cov tub rog tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais.

Kev hloov pauv hloov

Nyob Fab Kis Teb, cov vaj ntxwv vaj ntxwvraug nyiag thiab kev puas tsuaj, Blois tsis tau dim txoj hmoo no. Cov neeg ntxeev siab puas tsuaj cov cim qhia ntawm lub facades, rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm cov rooj tog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1845 qhov kev txiav txim muaj hmoo tau ua nyob rau hauv Fabkis - ua kom tiav kev kho dua tshiab hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Blois. Cov duab thaij nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th qhia tau hais tias lub xeev deplorable ntawm lub tsev nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd zoo li kev hloov pauv tag nrho, tus kws tsim vaj tsev Duban tau ntxiv ntau lub ntsiab lus uas tsis yog qhov zoo li qub ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Txij thaum ntawd los, Blois tau ua ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, ib qho kev kho loj loj tau ua tiav, uas yog ua ntej los ntawm kev tshawb fawb loj.

Interiors

Castle hauv 17th-18th centuries. dim txoj kev puas tsuaj loj heev, feem ntau ntawm cov qhabnias sab hauv tau ploj mus, txawm hais tias carvings thiab qhov cub tau khaws cia. Tag nrho lwm yam tau rov qab los ntawm me ntsis hauv lig 19th thiab 20th centuries. Niaj hnub no, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem pom lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm General States nrog cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj qab nthab, qhov cub zoo nkauj, cov rooj tog ntoo, cov rooj tog zaum zoo nkauj, kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaiv, cov plag tsev thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev nyob, zoo nkauj tapestries. Nyob rau hauv lub tis Francis, tus thawj layout ntawm lub tsev thiab ib feem ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm murals, carvings, thiab sculptures tau khaws cia. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tag nrho yog striking hauv khoom kim heev thiab style. Niaj hnub no, lub tsev fuabtais muaj ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab muaj kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov khoom qub qub coj los ntawm cov facades. Koj tuaj yeem taug kev ncig lub complex txhua hnub, muaj ntau yam nthuav ntawm no. Muaj 564 chav nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, tsis yog txhua lub tsev thiab chav muaj rau kev mus xyuas.

lub tsev fuabtais ntawm blois
lub tsev fuabtais ntawm blois

Npaj qhov tseeb

Château de Blois tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej keeb kwm. Yog li, nws paub tseeb tias nws nyob ntawm no hauv 1429 tias Jeanne d'Arc tau txais koob hmoov los ntawm Archbishop of Reims rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg Askiv.

Blois paub rau txhua tus neeg nyiam ntawm cov ntawv nyeem taug txuj kev nyuaj rau qhov tseeb tias cov xwm txheej ntawm cov dab neeg nto moo los ntawm A. Dumas "Nees nkaum xyoo tom qab" tshwm sim ntawm no. Cov yeeb yaj kiab "Countess de Monsoro" thiab "Anna thiab Cardinal" tau raug kaw hauv tsev fuabtais, lub zwm txwv tau khaws cia los ntawm kev ua yeeb yaj kiab, uas txhua tus tuaj yeem zaum.

castle blois france photo
castle blois france photo

Secrets of the castle

Zoo ib lub tsev qub, Blois nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntau cov lus dab neeg thiab dab neeg. Ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg tau txuas nrog keeb kwm ntawm kev txais tos ntawm Austrian Archduke. Louis XII sim nres kev tsov rog nrog Austria, tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi pab. Thiab yog li ntawd, thaum lub pob hauv Blois, tus kav Austrian, txaus siab rau lub tsev fuabtais thiab kev txais tos, txiav txim siab tshaj tawm kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub tebchaws.

Lub tsev fuabtais tau dhau los ua qhov chaw raug tshem tawm rau cov neeg siab. Yog li, Louis XIII tau xa nws niam Marie de Medici ntawm no, ua raws li tus naas ej Cardinal Richelieu, uas tau mus rau hauv exile. Maria tsis nyob ntev hauv Blois, ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau khiav mus rau Angouleme.

Lwm cov lus dab neeg txuas nrog kev nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Catherine de Medici. Nws yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nws chav tsev muaj ib tug zais cia txee nyob rau hauv uas nws khaws nws nto moo tshuaj lom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij xav tias cov khoom muaj nqis tau khaws cia rau ntawd.

Muaj ib qho version uas nws nyob ntawm lub pob hauv lub tsev fuabtais uas tus kws sau paj huam Ronsard tau ntsib nws tus hlub Cassandra Salviati. Nws tau los ua ib tug muse uas txhawb tus kws sau paj lug tsimmasterpieces ntawm kev hlub lyrics.

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