ODAB-500 yog cov foob pob hluav taws ntawm Soviet / Lavxias teb sab aerosol. Lub npe ntawm cov koob yog ib qho luv luv ntawm cov kab lus "volumetric detonating foob pob". Cov lej hauv lub npe qhia txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov mos txwv. Raws li qee cov lus ceeb toom, koob muaj cov foob pob hnyav 500, 1000, 1100 thiab 1500 kg.
Volume explosion mechanism
Hom foob pob saum huab cua no siv qhov tshwm sim uas cov huab cua tawg, uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov sublimation instantaneous ntawm thawj cov kua tawg (HE). Kev tawg ntawm cov huab cua, paub txij li ib nrab xyoo pua 19th, tshwm sim raws li cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, rov ua qhov tawg ntawm cov huab cua uas tawg tau raug kaw ntawm cov hmoov av sib tsoo thiab kev lag luam textile, thee plua plav hauv mines, thiab lwm yam. Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov tawg ntawm cov huab cua tau tshwm sim dhau cov khoom siv roj hauv cov tankers. thiab sab hauv refinery tanks thiab tank ua liaj ua teb.
Feem ntau cov pa tawg yog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov roj thiab oxidizer (piv txwv li rab phom, muaj 25% roj thiab 75% oxidizer), thaum huab cua vapor yogyuav luag 100% roj, siv cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov huab cua ib puag ncig los ua kom muaj kev kub ntxhov, kub kub. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, lub moj tej tawg nthwv dej tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv volumetric detonating mos txwv muaj lub sij hawm ntev heev ntawm raug tshaj los ntawm ib tug pa condensed explosive. Yog li ntawd, lub foob pob tawg yog qhov muaj zog ntau dua (hauv TNT sib npaug) dua li cov mos txwv ntawm cov khoom sib npaug.
Tab sis kev vam khom ntawm huab cua oxygen ua rau lawv tsis haum rau kev siv hauv qab dej, ntawm qhov siab siab thiab huab cua phem. Lawv ua, txawm li cas los xij, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua thaum siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kaw xws li qhov tunnels, qhov tsua, thiab cov bunkers, ib feem vim lub sijhawm ntawm lub moj tej tawg, ib feem los ntawm kev siv cov pa oxygen muaj nyob rau hauv. Hais txog lub zog thiab lub zog puas tsuaj, cov foob pob hluav taws no yog qhov thib ob tsuas yog siv riam phom nuclear xwb.
keeb kwm kev loj hlob
Cov foob pob hluav taws tawg tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg German thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, tab sis lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los siv lawv ua ntej nws ua tiav. Lwm lub tebchaws nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog kuj tau sim nrog cov riam phom no (hauv Western terminology, lawv hu ua thermobaric, thiab lo lus yuam kev "nqus foob pob" tau pib hauv paus hauv xov xwm hauv tsev). Nws yog thawj zaug siv hauv Nyab Laj los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis lees paub qhov tseeb. Thawj American thermobaric foob pob nrog cov nyhuv tawg piv rau lub detonation ntawm cuaj tons ntawm TNT, hnyav 1180 kg thiab raug xaiv BLU-76B.
Soviet cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tsim qauv tsim sai sai tsim lawv tus kheej riam phom ntawm hom no, uas yog thawj zaug siv nyob rau hauv ciam teb tsis sib haum nrog Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv 1969 thiab nyob rau hauv Afghanistan tiv thaiv lub roob vaj tse ntawm Islamist militants. Txij thaum ntawd los, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob tau txuas ntxiv mus.
ODAB-500 yog tsim los ntawm GNPP "Bas alt" hauv Moscow hauv xyoo 1980s. Nws tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem thaum ntxov 1990s. Xyoo 1995, qhov hloov kho ntawm ODAB-500PM tau tshwm sim ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv Paris. Nyob rau hauv 2002, lub thoob ntiaj teb caj npab exhibition Russia Expo Arms tau tuav. Nws nthuav tawm thiab muab muag rau kev hloov pauv ODAB-500PMV foob pob. Cov riam phom no raug muag los ntawm Aviaexport thiab Rosoboronexport.
Cov Tub Rog Lavxias Aerospace tam sim no muaj ntau yam riam phom thermobaric, uas tau siv rau xyoo 90s hauv kev ua tsov ua rog hauv Chechnya, thiab tseem siv tau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tawm tsam ISIS cov koom haum ua phem hauv Syria. Tus nqi pheej yig thiab yooj yim los tswj, cov riam phom no tau nyob hauv arsenals ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau ntau xyoo lawm.
Tus thawj version ntawm lub dav hlau foob pob
Nws tau raug xaiv ODAB-500P thiab muaj cov khoom sib thooj sib thooj. Lub algorithm ntawm nws lub lag luam suav nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov hlua cable nrog tus thawj coj hu rau qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub foob pob ya. Braking ntawm tus thawj coj los ntawm qhov chaw hauv av (los yog hauv av thaiv) ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm inertial contactor suav nrog hauv hluav taws xob Circuit Court, undermining.lub cev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab tso rau hauv huab cua ntawm 145 kg ntawm kua tawg. Tom qab ncua sij hawm luv luv, txaus rau kev tsim cov huab cua, qhov pib nqi nruab rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw yog detonated, thiab lub volumetric tawg pib.
Modified bombs
Lub serial version ntawm ODAB-500PM nrog lub xov tooj cua altimeter tuaj yeem poob ntawm lub dav hlau los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 200 mus rau 12,000 meters thiab ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 50-1500 km / h. Nyob rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 30 mus rau 50 m, lub braking parachute yog muab pov tseg kom ruaj khov lub foob pob lub cev thiab qeeb nws lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xov tooj cua altimeter tau pib, uas ntsuas qhov siab tam sim ntawd ntawm cov mos txwv saum av. Nyob rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm 7 mus rau 9 m, lub cev ntawm lub foob pob tawg, thiab 193 kg ntawm cov kua tawg ntawm ib tug tsis paub formulation yog sprayed rau saum huab cua, tom qab uas ib tug gas huab tsim. Nrog kev ncua ntawm 100 mus rau 140 milliseconds, huab cua no detonates vim lub detonation ntawm tus nqi ntxiv. Thaum lub sij hawm tawg, qhov kub thiab txias heev thiab lub siab ntawm 20 mus rau ntau tshaj 30 bar yog tsim rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Lub zog ntawm qhov tawg yog kwv yees li 1000 kg ntawm TNT. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog 25 m. Rau tsheb thiab dav hlau, nrog rau cov hom phiaj nyob, lub foob pob yog 30 m.
Lub ODAB-500PMV version yog kho kom zoo rau kev siv los ntawm lub nyoob hoom qav taub ntawm qhov siab ntawm kev foob pob ntawm 1100-4000 m ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 50-300 km / h, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm lub dav hlau, piv txwv li nws yog tag nrho- altitude.
Tsim
Lub foob pob ODAB-500 (thiab nws cov kev hloov kho) muaj lub cev cylindrical elongated lub cev nrog ib puag ncig hla ntu thiab lancet taub. Nyob ntawmnws sab nraub qaum muaj plaub lub tiaj tus stabilizers, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tis uas nyob ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub foob pob yog lub electromechanism ntawm lub combat platoon. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ib feem muaj ib tug cylindrical thawv nrog ib tug kua tawg thiab ib tug dispersive nqi. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub foob pob muaj ib lub thawv rau ib tug cab parachute thiab ib tug pib nqi thib ob. Qhov ntev ntawm cov mos txwv yog 2.28-2.6 m, thiab qhov hnyav yog los ntawm 520 mus rau 525 kg, nyob ntawm qhov version. Lub cev txoj kab uas hla yog 500 hli, thiab lub tisspan ntawm lub stabilizers kuj yog hais txog 500 hli.
Txiv Npauj Npaim
Lub Cuaj Hlis 2007, cov duab ntawm qhov kev sim tshiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab super-powerful ntim foob pob tawg, uas tam sim ntawd tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus muab rau hauv lub npe ntawm ntu no, ya mus thoob ntiaj teb. Piav txog nws lub zog puas tsuaj, Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Lavxias General Alexander Rukshin tau hais tias: "Txhua yam uas muaj sia nyob tsuas yog evaporates."
Qhov no munition, codenamed ODAB-9000 los ntawm cov xov xwm (lub npe tiag tiag tseem tsis tau paub), yog tshaj tawm plaub npaug zog dua American GBU-43/B thermobaric foob pob, feem ntau hu rau hauv xov xwm raws li " niam ntawm tag nrho cov foob pob". Cov mos txwv Lavxias no tau dhau los ua riam phom loj tshaj plaws (tsis yog nuclear) hauv ntiaj teb.
Lub peev xwm ntawm ODAB-9000 yog sib npaug rau 44 tons ntawm TNT thaum siv txog xya tons ntawm hom tshiab tawg. Kev sib piv: Asmeskas foob pob sib npaug rau 11 tons ntawm TNT nrog 8 tons ntawm cov kua tawg.
Lub zog ntawm kev tawg thiab kev poob siab ntawm lub foob pob Lavxias, txawm hais tias lawv muaj qhov me me dua, tseem muaj qhov sib piv rau kev tawm tsamriam phom nuclear ntawm lub hwj chim yam tsawg kawg nkaus (tseem sib piv, tab sis tsis sib npaug!). Tsis zoo li cov riam phom nuclear paub txog lawv cov xov tooj cua ntog tawm, kev siv lub foob pob tawg tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis paug ib puag ncig sab nraum lub qhov hluav taws xob tawg.
Lub foob pob Lavxias me dua li GBU-43 / B, tab sis txaus ntshai ntau dua vim tias qhov kub ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov tawg yog ob zaug siab dua, thiab qhov tawg tawg ntawm cov mos txwv Lavxias yog 300 meters, uas yog kuj ob npaug loj.
