Txij thaum ub, txiv neej tau tsim cov tswv yim txog kev zoo nkauj. Tag nrho cov creation ntawm ntuj yog zoo nkauj. Cov neeg zoo nkauj ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj kev, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag zoo siab heev. Lub spectacle ntawm ib tug precious pob zeb los yog ib tug ntsev crystal pleases lub qhov muag, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob qhuas ib tug snowflake los yog npauj npaim. Tab sis yog vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim? Nws zoo nkaus li peb tias qhov zoo li ntawm cov khoom yog qhov tseeb thiab ua tiav, sab xis thiab sab laug uas zoo ib yam, zoo li hauv daim iav duab.
Pom tseeb, tib neeg ntawm kev kos duab yog thawj zaug xav txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev zoo nkauj. Ancient sculptors uas kawm txog cov qauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev, rov qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 5 BC. pib siv lub tswvyim ntawm "symmetry". Lo lus no yog Greek keeb kwm thiab txhais tau hais tias kev sib haum xeeb, proportionality thiab zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm lub constituent qhov chaw. Cov kws tshawb fawb Greek thaum ub Plato tau sib cav tias tsuas yog qhov uas sib luag thiab sib luag tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj.
Nyob rau hauv geometry thiab lej, peb hom symmetry raug suav hais tias: axial symmetry (nrog rau txoj kab ncaj), nruab nrab (nrog rau qhov taw tes) thiab daim iav (nrog rau lub dav hlau).
Yog tias txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov khoom muaj nws tus kheej daim ntawv qhia tseeb hauv nwstxheeb ze rau nws qhov chaw - muaj lub hauv paus symmetry. Nws cov piv txwv yog xws li geometric lub cev xws li lub tog raj kheej, lub pob, ib txwm prism, thiab lwm yam.
Axial symmetry ntawm cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze rau txoj kab ncaj nraim muab tias txoj kab ncaj nraim no cuam tshuam rau nruab nrab ntawm ntu txuas cov ntsiab lus thiab yog perpendicular rau nws. Piv txwv ntawm axis ntawm symmetry: lub bisector ntawm lub kaum sab xis tsis nthuav dav ntawm daim duab peb sab isosceles, txhua txoj kab ncaj nraim los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub voj voog, thiab lwm yam. Yog hais tias daim duab geometric yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm axial symmetry, lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim iav ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pom los ntawm qhov yooj yim khoov nws raws axis thiab folding sib npaug ib nrab "ntsej muag". Cov ntsiab lus xav tau yuav kov ib leeg.
Nrog daim iav symmetry, cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib qho khoom nyob rau tib yam txheeb ze rau lub dav hlau uas hla nws qhov chaw.
Xwm yog qhov ntse thiab muaj txiaj ntsig, yog li yuav luag txhua qhov nws tsim muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Qhov no siv tau rau ob qho tib si muaj sia nyob thiab cov khoom tsis muaj sia. Cov qauv ntawm feem ntau cov qauv ntawm lub neej yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ib qho ntawm peb hom symmetry: ob sab, radial lossis spherical.
Feem ntau, axial symmetry nyob rau hauv cov xwm yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas tsim perpendicular rau cov av nto. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, symmetry yog tshwm sim los ntawm rotating zoo tib yam ntsiab nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug ntau axis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Lub kaum sab xis thiab zaus ntawm lawv qhov chaw yuav txawv. Ntoo yog ib qho piv txwv: spruce, maple thiab lwm yam. Hauv qee cov tsiaj, axial symmetry kuj tshwm sim, tab sis nws tshwm simtsawg zaus. Tau kawg, qhov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj kev ua lej, tab sis qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cev tseem tawm tsam.
Biologists feem ntau xav txog tsis yog axial symmetry, tab sis ob sab (ob tog). Nws cov piv txwv yog cov tis ntawm npauj npaim lossis kab npauj npaim, nplooj nplooj, paj paj, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm cov khoom nyob yog sib npaug thiab yog daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg.
Spherical symmetry yog yam ntxwv ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau cov nroj tsuag, qee cov ntses, mollusks thiab kab mob. Thiab cov piv txwv ntawm rays symmetry yog cov ntses hnub qub, qee hom worms, echinoderms.
Nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm ib tug neeg, asymmetry feem ntau yog txuam nrog irregularity los yog inferiority. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov creation ntawm tib neeg txhais tes, symmetry thiab kev sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem taug qab.
