Spain yog lub teb chaws ntawm conquistadors thiab sailors, tub lag luam thiab cov neeg taug kev, pirates thiab cov poj niam zoo nkauj, khoom noj khoom haus gourmet thiab picturesque architecture. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej, cov kiv puag ncig thundered nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj Spanish, dictatorial hwj chim tau overthrown, thiab tom qab tsov rog tsoom fwv raug puas tsuaj. Tib neeg rov qab mus rau lub neej nyob kaj siab lug thiab revived monuments ntawm keeb kwm lub sij hawm. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tau nchuav cov canvases, thiab craftsmen sculpted vaj tse thiab loj heev monuments. Spain nyob raws li kev cai lij choj uas tsis tau sau tsuas yog paub rau nws thiab tseem muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo tshaj plaws raws li kev vam meej.
Architecture ntawm Spain - kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub ntiaj teb
Tej zaum cov architecture ntawm lub teb chaws zoo nkauj li Spain yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tag nrho. Qhov no yog lub ntiaj teb uas tsis tuaj yeem xav txog thiab zoo heev, nyob ib puag ncig ntawm ntau sab los ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Pyrenees thiab Cantabria, nrog rau Iberian thiab Catalan toj siab nrog Canary Islands nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Thoob plaws hauv cov ntsiav tshuaj ntuj no yog lub nceeg vaj zoo siab ntawm cov neeg Spanish. Ntauwd ntawm palaces thiab tsev cia puav pheej, amphitheatre kem, pej thuam ntawm Roman vajtswv thiab heroes ntawm ancient Greek Hellas. Openwork tsev thiab mosaic pem hauv ntej vaj,alleys thiab fountains, chaw ua si thiab galleries. Cathedrals thiab mosques, monuments ntawm European thiab Islamic style, unforgettable vaj tse, captivating zoo heev thiab originality. Lub architecture ntawm Spain yog stunning nyob rau hauv nws splendor, txawm lub me me loj ntawm lub xeev Atlantic.
Spanish Ancestral Style
Tau tau nyob hauv lub vaj kaj siab no uas nyiam ntau lab tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, koj yuav nco ntsoov tag nrho koj lub neej cov kev xav zoo siab los ntawm kev paub txog kev zoo nkauj. Cov qauv ntawm architecture hauv Spain xav tsis thoob nrog qhov tob ntawm kev tshoov siab thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim. Ntau lub tsev los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Rome tau ua los ntawm cov cib ruaj khov, uas tseem polished los ntawm cov cua ntawm keeb kwm. Mudéjar yog lub npe ntawm cov style ntawm architecture tsim los ntawm cov khoom noble. Nws absorbed cov handiwork thiab txawj ntse ntawm European, Jewish thiab Mauritanian masters. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv brickwork muaj Gothic thiab Baroque style uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 17th thiab 18th centuries. Thiab nyob rau hauv 19-20 centuries, Art Nouveau tau yug los - duab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kos duab ntawm tus txawj ntse kws kes duab vajtse Antonio Gaudi. Ntau yam haujlwm tau suav nrog UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam. Cov no yog cov khoom pov thawj xws li lub tiaj ua si nrog lub tsev fuabtais, commissioned los ntawm Catalan industrialist thiab nom tswv daim duab Eusebi Güell thiab muaj npe tom qab nws, lub tsev ntawm Vicens, lub vaj tse ntawm Batllo thiab Sagrada Familia hauv Barcelona. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Neo-Mudejar ntsib style tuaj rau hauv kev zam, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov uas tau ua los ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm arches, domes thiab phab ntsa nrog mosaics thiab cov xim av nplaum..
Monuments ntawm Spain raws li cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Catalonia revived
Qhov ntau haiv neeg thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam monuments uas nthuav dav Spanish toj siab ntawm lub roob roob siab thiab nkag mus rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb nyob deb ntawm epics thiab lus dab neeg. Pib los ntawm cov ruins ntawm Roman cov neeg nyob hauv La Llosa, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev ncig xyuas zoo nkauj ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov zos. Cov no yog cov architectural monuments zoo nkauj ntawm Spain, xws li:
- Fortification-wall, pib ntawm lub Koom Txoos St. Mary thiab ncab mus rau Plaza Catalunya.
- Siege phab ntsa thiab rooj vag ntawm Alcudia;
- Architectural ruins ntawm Baelo Claudia thiab La Llosa.
- Tavira Ntauwd thiab Torre del Oro, Torre Vella thiab Almenaras, Santa Cruz de Tenerife thiab Fort Moors.
- Tus choj ntawm Alcantara, Maria Christina, Subisuri thiab hlau Pont De Ferro;
- rooj vag ntawm lub hnub thiab Jerez, Puerta de Tierra thiab Alcudia.
- dej maze ciav, luminous thiab enchanting.
- Pedestals rau Columbus, Don Juan, tooj liab-bronze monument "Kev yeej".
- Necropolises thiab theaters, municipalities thiab tsev kho mob, palaces thiab mlom.
Ib yam li ntau lwm qhov tsis tshua muaj ntawm cov kab lis kev cai txhua lub sijhawm tau sau rau hauv ib lub tebchaws zoo kawg nkaus. Nws tham txog cov xwm txheej yav dhau los thiab kev zoo siab thaum kov, ua rau koj raus koj tus kheej tag nrho hauv cov khoom kim heev tsim, thiab nws lub npe yog lub tsev tsim khoom ntawm Spain. Cov duab ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab ntawm qhov ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam no sau cov albums tsis yog ntawm cov neeg nyiam xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov neeg nyiam ua haujlwm niaj hnub uas nyiam rov qab mus rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Catalonia.
Moorish style li txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Hnub Nyoog Kub
Nyob rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog, thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub xyoo pua 8, ib qho txawv ntawm Moorish keeb kwm tau yug los hauv lub nroog Spanish. Nws tau ua raws li Islamic thiab Spanish txhuam ntawm architects. Qhov fusion ntawm architecture tau coj los ntawm kev nce siab ntawm Arab Enlightenment hauv Iberian Peninsula. Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb yog kev tsim kho hauv 784 ntawm Mezquita, lub tsev teev ntuj Catholic Roman. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv tsim tau txhim kho thiab saturated nrog outlandish décor ntawm cov creators. Cov no yog carved architraves thiab arches nrog openwork bindings, phab ntsa thiab yees ntawm palaces, ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hniav thiab rhombuses. Carved lace, hlau majolica thiab crushed plinth tau superimposed ntawm cib thav ntawv. Yim-taw hnub qub pib ua lub ru tsev ntawm cov yees.
Txuas ntxiv ntawm Mauritania thiab cathedrals
Nyob hauv phau ntawv UNESCO, kev tsim kho xws li vaj ntxwv alcazars (castles) ntawm Alphonse 11th thiab Seville, Cathedral ntawm St. Mary thiab pawg ntseeg ntawm Santiago del Arrabal, ua nyob rau hauv ib qho kev tsis zoo ntawm Moorish style, raug coj los tiv thaiv.. Lub zwm txwv ntawm cov chambers tau framed nrog gilding thiab inlay, thiab cov kab thiab pedestals tau framed nrog figured carving thiab molding nrog cov khoom zoo nkauj ua rau lawv. Miracle Style cuam tshuam hauv kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub sijhawm thiab sib xyaw Gothic thiab Romanesque kev coj noj coj ua nrog kev coj noj coj ua tshiab. Lub Moorish architecture ntawm Spain tau pleev xim rau cov ntawv teev npe txawv txawv thiab ua qauv tsim keeb kwm ntawm noob neej.
Baroque style raws li lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Spain
Ib qho tseem ceeb pab rau lub tsev cia puav pheejcov ntsiav tshuaj coj lub baroque style ntawm Spain. Lub architecture ntawm txoj hauj lwm no yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv decorations rau lub facades ntawm lub tsev, greenhouses thiab dawb huv tsev. Baroque pib nws txoj kev taug kev los ntawm qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab tawg mus rau hauv lub xyoo pua 8th nrog cua daj cua dub. Ob peb tus tswv yog tus tswv ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj, tab sis cov neeg uas them se rau nws tau dhau los ua "oligarchs" ntawm cov ntawv sau no. Churrigera cov kwv tij yog cov instigators thiab virtuosos ntawm lawv ua. Tsib tus ntsuj plig - Joaquim, Miguel, Alberto, Manuel thiab José Benito - ennobled ntau ntawm Spain nrog kev zoo nkauj baroque.
17th caug xyoo Spanish architectural ntsiav tshuaj
Feem ntau, lub tsev tsim khoom ntawm Spain ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th pib xav tsis thoob nrog nws txoj kev ywj pheej thiab khoom kim heev. Kev cai dab qhuas sculptures tshwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nrog rau pej xeem kev lig kev cai, ntxiv dag zog rau thiab shaping lawv. Zurbaran Francisco yog tus kws tsim vaj tsev ntoo, ua thawj qhov kev paub daws teeb meem ntawm cov yas nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm mysticism. Cov khoom tsim ntau tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws kos duab yog: "Tseem lub neej nrog txiv qaub thiab txiv kab ntxwv" - 1633, "Madonna thaum hluas" - 1660, "Tseem lub neej ntawm vases thiab khob" - 1640. Lub xyoo pua 17th yog tag nrho ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev kos duab thiab. counter-reformation moods nyob rau hauv zej zog. Thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj no, daim ntawv muaj tseeb ntawm etude muaj pes tsawg leeg tau nthuav tawm.
Dab tsi xyoo pua 19 tau npaj rau peb, lossis Glamorous Spain
Nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, cov channel ntawm kev ua tiav tau ntws mus rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Gothic thiab Art Nouveau. Cov thav duab skeletons ntawm cov tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog tau pib txhim kho. Kev ua tiav yog nqa los ntawm pob zeb thiab forged steel, iav thiab plywood. Cov pob zeb nyuaj ntawm av nplaum, asbestos thiabcov nplais. Lub architecture ntawm Spain nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nthuav nws cov ciam teb, infiltrating lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm sculptures thiab lug nrog muaj zog thiab zoo meej foundations. Tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab tsim kev ywj pheej los ntawm cov khoom siv improvised. Lub plasticity thiab durability ntawm cov pawg, cov dynamics thiab artistic teebmeem ntawm painting, qhov tseeb geometric contours yog lub ntsiab nta ntawm architectural sculptures thiab zoo nkauj finishes ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Huag, muaj pes tsawg qhov kev tshawb pom zoo nyob ntawd
Nyob hauv lub teb chaws azure ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv Spanish, muaj ntau qhov kev pom kev zoo nkauj thiab kev tshawb pom zoo nkauj. Nws yuav tsis yooj yim sua kom sau lawv tag nrho vim muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Lub architecture ntawm Spain muaj ntau txhiab tus memorials thiab cov qauv. Cia peb sau lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb tsim ntawm tes ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe:
- Gothic tuam tsev - Alcazar, Burgas thiab Seville, Toledo thiab Tarragon.
- Castle thiab palaces - Rachadel thiab Argimon, Vilassar thiab Medion, Mantaplan thiab Manresan, Arench de Emporda thiab Montsori, nrog rau ntau pua lub pob zeb-stucco tsim.
- Catalan National Tsev khaws puav pheej nrog Gothic Quarter thiab Montserrat Monastery, Chaw Ua Si Güell thiab Ciutadella.
- Tsev ntawm Calvet, Mila, Vincennes thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tsev neeg sagrada.
Tsis yog txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem khav txog qhov zoo siab. Dab tsi yog nqis peev hauv Spain yog tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua tsis tshua muaj neeg thiab cov kws tshaj lij uas ib zaug nyob ntawm no.
Creators of culture
Renaissance architecture hauv Spain pibtseem nyob deb ua ntej 711, thaum lub nceeg vaj tau cim los ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Muslims. Hauv thaj av Pyrenean, architectural lug ntawm ancient civilizations ntawm pre-Roman era tau pom. Lawv yog cov sawv cev ntawm pab pawg hu ua Cantabras, Celtiberians thiab Iberians. Tom qab ib tug ancient era, inimitable inspirers thiab cov nuj nqis tuaj rau cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Spain, xws li: Gaudi Antonio thiab Juan de Villanueva, Jose Acebillo thiab Vicente Acero, Santiago Calatrava thiab Juan Gomez de Mora, Pedro Machuca thiab Rafael Moneo, Damian Forment thiab Jose. Benito Churrigera, Manuel Nunes-Yanovsky thiab Joaquin Rukoba. Zoo li kaum ob ntawm phenomenal creators ntawm ntau tiam neeg. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm kev vam meej thiab txhim kho thaj chaw Spanish. Ua tsaug rau cov kws kos duab, sculptors, masons thiab lwm yam craftsmen, Spain tau dhau los ua cov kua ntawm Vajtswv thiab lub plawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev coj noj coj ua.
Sculpting grace is not khawb catacombs
Tam sim no peb paub yuav ua li cas lub architecture ntawm Spain tau pib thiab nws mus deb npaum li cas ua ntej mus txog qhov siab ntawm tus nqi tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev qhuas. Muaj pes tsawg lub siab thiab ob txhais tes ua haujlwm ntawm kev paub lus Mev zoo kawg nkaus txhawm rau tsim qhov tsis pom. Txoj kev tshav ntuj uas yuav raug xa mus rau cov me nyuam, xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv thiab cov xeeb ntxwv thiab ntxiv mus raws li cov caj ces ntawm tsob ntoo. Txawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim catacombs, koj xav tau kev txawj thiab ingenuity. Thiab txawm ntau li ntawd los tsim cov kev tsim tsis txawj tuag. Tom qab tag nrho, tus ntsuj plig ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau nqis peev hauv txhua qhov kev nthuav dav, nws indulged txhua tus nrog nws ua tsis taus pa thiab ua siab ntev, warmly stroked nrog thiab hla thiab ua tib zoo ntxig rau hauv qhov chaw. Kev mus rau Spain yuav yog qhov kev lees paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov ntawd. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo dua los pom txhua yam rau koj tus kheejUa nrog koj tus kheej ob lub qhov muag thiab nqa ib qho kev nco zoo los ntawm qhov ntawd, qhov chaw ntxim nyiam ntawm cov choj thiab cov tsev loj loj ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej yuav ua rau muaj kev txaus siab tiag tiag rau tag nrho koj lub neej.
