Flight recorder: nws nyob qhov twg, nws zoo li cas, vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau?

Cov txheej txheem:

Flight recorder: nws nyob qhov twg, nws zoo li cas, vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau?
Flight recorder: nws nyob qhov twg, nws zoo li cas, vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau?

Video: Flight recorder: nws nyob qhov twg, nws zoo li cas, vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau?

Video: Flight recorder: nws nyob qhov twg, nws zoo li cas, vim li cas nws thiaj xav tau?
Video: SUNDAY SPECIAL EDITION -POLITICS & TOP NEWS - XOV XWM HAIS LUS HMOOB 01/10/2021 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Los ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus TV, thaum lub dav hlau sib tsoo tom ntej no, peb feem ntau hnov txog kev tshawb nrhiav lub thawv dub. Koj puas tau xav tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua? Lub paradox yog qhov no tsis yog ib lub thawv nkaus xwb, thiab nws tsis yog dub kiag li … Qhov tseeb, cov cuab yeej no hu ua lub davhlau recorder.

Lub davhlau recorder zoo li cas?

Cia saib seb nws zoo li cas. Lub davhlau recorder feem ntau yog ci txiv kab ntxwv lossis liab. Nws tsis zoo li lub thawv thiab. Vim nws feem ntau muaj ib puag ncig lossis oval. "Vim li cas?" - koj nug. Cov lus piav qhia yog yooj yim. Thaum lub dav hlau sib tsoo, lub cev sib npaug yuav zoo dua tuaj yeem tiv thaiv sab nraud. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov xim ci ci ua rau nws yooj yim dua nrhiav nws tom qab lub dav hlau poob.

aircraft dav hlau recorder
aircraft dav hlau recorder

Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov kws tshaj lij aviators, lub thawv dub hu ua cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Thiab luv luv - tsuas yog SARPP.

Flight Recorder Unit

Lub kaw lus nws tus kheej yog ib qho khoom siv yooj yim. Nws muaj ntau yamsensors, cia units, teeb liab ua units. Chips thiab controllers tsis txawv heev ntawm cov uas pom hauv peb lub laptops. Tab sis lub thiaj li hu ua flash nco yog siv nyob rau hauv recorders tsis ntev los no. Ntau lub dav hlau tam sim no ya tseem muaj cov qauv qub. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus daim kab xev, raws li nyob rau hauv cov laus daim kab xev recorders, los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug hlau. Tau kawg, cov hlau muaj zog ntau dua li daim kab xev, thiab yog li ntawd ntau txhim khu kev qha.

dav hlau recorder
dav hlau recorder

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tag nrho cov khoom no zoo dua, lawv muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kaw kom tiav. Nws yog ua los ntawm titanium los yog high-strength steel. Sab hauv muaj ib txheej loj ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas lub davhlau recorders yuav tsum tau ua raws li, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab khaws cia rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev thauj khoom siab, hauv hluav taws thiab hauv dej. Nws tsis paub tias lub cuab yeej yuav xaus rau qhov twg tom qab lub dav hlau sib tsoo, thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum tiv taus txhua qhov kev sim.

Cov kaw lus nrhiav li cas?

Tiag tiag, koj pom lub davhlau kaw hauv dej li cas? Tom qab tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem yog lub pas dej me me, thiab hiav txwv, thiab txawm tias dej hiav txwv. Nws hloov tawm tias lub thawv dub tau nruab nrog tshwj xeeb ultrasonic beacons uas tig rau lub sijhawm sib cuag nrog dej. Lub beacon emits ib lub teeb liab ntawm ib zaus ntawm 37,500 Hz. Thaum cov suab no coj kev taw qhia, nws tsis yooj yim nrhiav lub thawv nws tus kheej. Divers lossis cov neeg hlau tshwj xeeb nqa nws tawm hauv dej thaum qhov tob tob heev.

Flight recorder results
Flight recorder results

Raws li kev tshawb nrhiav hauv av, nws yooj yim dua. Paub qhov chaw sib tsoo ntawm lub dav hlau, cov neeg sau ntawv tshawb nrhiav nyob ze, tshawb xyuas thaj chaw ib puag ncig.

A trip to history

Koj xav li cas, thiab leej twg tsim tus thawj recorder? Nws ntseeg tau tias cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws tau tsim los ntawm David Warren, tus kws tshawb fawb Australian. Xyoo 1953, thawj tus neeg caij dav hlau dav hlau "Kometa-1" poob. Tsis muaj leej twg muaj txoj sia nyob no lub dav hlau sib tsoo, thiab tsis muaj cov pov thawj ntawm qhov xwm txheej, uas txhais tau hais tias tsis tas yuav tham txog qhov ua rau poob. David ua haujlwm ntawm pab pawg uas tshawb xyuas lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nws tau los nrog lub tswv yim tias lawv tuaj yeem pab tau zoo los sau cov lus sib tham ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj, nrog rau kev nyeem cov cuab yeej thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim kom muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm lub liner.

davhlau recorder
davhlau recorder

Xyoo 1957, David, nrog rau nws cov npoj yaig, hauv Melbourne, hauv chav kuaj aeronautics, tsim lub thawv dub qauv. Lub cuab yeej kaw tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg tsav dav hlau rau plaub teev ua ke. Ib xyoos tom qab, tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus rau Askiv txhawm rau txhim kho nws cov xeeb ntxwv. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub thawv tsis muaj hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws kub. Nws pib muag mus rau ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Xyoo 1960, muaj lub dav hlau poob hauv tebchaws Australia hauv xeev Queensland. Tom qab ntawd, tsoomfwv lub tebchaws tau hais kom txhua lub dav hlau txhim kho cov kaw lus rau hauv lub nkoj. Qhov tseeb tiag, Australia tau los ua thawj lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb no kom dhau txoj cai no.

Tam sim no, lub davhlau recorder yog ib qho yuav tsum tau ntaus ntawv ntawm txhua lub dav hlau. Nws pab txheeb xyuas qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj thiab tiv thaiv qhov ua tau tshiabxwm txheej.

Thiab lub npe "black box" tau muab rau lub cuab yeej vim tias nws thawj cov ntawv luam tau txwv tsis pub muab kev pabcuam los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws cov qauv sab hauv thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau raug cais nruj me ntsis. Thiab qhov no tau ua los ntawm cov dav hlau los xyuas kom meej lub hom phiaj siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm huab cua sib tsoo. Xws li yog keeb kwm ntawm thawj recorders.

Ntawm recorders

Cov ntaub ntawv dav hlau niaj hnub no twb dhau los thiab txawv ntawm lawv cov yawg koob. Hauv lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv on-board drives (ZBN). Raws li txoj cai, tam sim no ob lub ZBNs zoo li no tau nruab rau hauv cov dav hlau, ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev cov davhlau tsis, thiab qhov thib ob - tag nrho cov neeg coob txoj kev sib tham. Tab sis muaj lwm txoj kev xaiv. Ntawm qee lub dav hlau, cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem kaw ntawm ob thiab peb ZBNs. Qhov no yog ua rau kev tuav pov hwm lub hom phiaj. Thaum ib tug vau lawm, lwm tus yuav ciaj sia.

txhais lus ntawm davhlau recorders
txhais lus ntawm davhlau recorders

txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev puas tsuaj, qhov khoob ntawm lub thawv dub tau ntim nrog cov hmoov tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub ntawm cov roj dav hlau. Ua tsaug rau nws, qhov kub thiab txias hauv lub recorder tsis nce ntau tshaj ib puas thiab rau caum degrees. Qhov no tso cai rau koj khaws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob hauv. Raws li cov tub rog aircraft, lawv tsis txawv ntawm cov pej xeem. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv tseem sau cov kev txwv txog kev ua haujlwm nrog riam phom.

cov neeg sau xov xwm hauv lub dav hlau nyob qhov twg?

Cov thawv dub feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub fuselage tom qab ntawm lub dav hlau. Raws li kev txheeb cais, qhov nothaj chaw tsawg kawg yuav raug kev puas tsuaj rau hauv kev sib tsoo, vim tias lub tshuab tseem ceeb feem ntau poob rau ntawm hneev nti. Raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, muaj ob peb lub kaw lus ntawm lub dav hlau dav hlau. Nws tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv aviation uas txhua lub tshuab tau thaub qab. Yog li nws muaj feem ntau tias tsawg kawg yog ib lub thawv dub yuav muaj sia nyob, thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub davhlau cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug decrypted.

Tseem lub davhlau recorders

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov cuab yeej no kuj txawv ntawm txoj kev sau cov ntaub ntawv, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig raug ntau dua. Muaj ob hom davhlau recorders, ntau precisely, lawv hom: hais lus thiab parametric. Lawv cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov txawv yog dab tsi?

Lub davhlau kaw cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thawj hom (lub suab) txuag tsis tsuas yog kev sib tham ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov tswj hwm, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov suab nyob ib puag ncig ob teev dhau los. Raws li rau parametric sawv daws yuav, lawv sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm txawv sensors. Txhua qhov ntsuas tau sau tseg ob peb zaug hauv ib ob, nrog kev hloov pauv sai, qhov zaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw tau nce, thiab lub sijhawm sib txawv ntawm kaum xya mus rau nees nkaum tsib teev. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv teev npe davhlau yuav them rau lub sijhawm ntawm txhua lub davhlau.

Parametric thiab cov khoom siv hais lus tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv ib qho, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tau ua raws sijhawm. Cov cuab yeej Parametric tsis sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ya davhlau, tab sis tsuas yog cov uas tuaj yeem pab tau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav qhov xwm txheej.

Cov ntaub ntawv tiav txog txhua yam uas tshwm sim ntawm lub dav hlau yog sau los ntawm cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm. Nws yog lawv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv los txheeb xyuas tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kws tsav dav hlau, kho lub dav hlau thiab kev saib xyuas. Lawv tsis tiv thaiv dab tsi, thiab yog li ntawdtxhais cov ntaub ntawv ya davhlau no tsis tau.

Dab tsi yog cov ntaub ntawv kaw los ntawm lub davhlau recorders

lub thawv dub sau ntau qhov tsis muaj, ntawm qhov peb tuaj yeem hais txog:

  • txuj ci: hydraulic siab, cav ceev, roj siab, kub, thiab lwm yam;
  • kev ua ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm: txuas ntxiv thiab thim rov qab ntawm kev tawm mus thiab tsaws cov txheej txheem, kev sib txawv ntawm kev tswj hwm;
  • navigation data: davhlau qhov siab, ceev, hla beacons, thiab lwm yam.

Yuav txhais li cas cov ntaub ntawv lub thawv dub?

Cov xov xwm ib txwm tshaj tawm tias cov ntaub ntawv lub thawv dub yuav raug txiav tawm. Thiab puas yog tiag tiag? Deciphering davhlau recorders yog ib tug ntau ntawm mythology li lub thawv dub.

flight recorder information
flight recorder information

Peb xav kom nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis raug rau ib qho kev encryption. Lo lus no tseem tsis tsim nyog ntawm no. Piv txwv li, cov neeg sau xov xwm, thaum mloog ib lub dictaphone, sau ntawv. Thiab lub commission, muaj xws li cov kws txawj, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov cab kuj, uas muaj ib tug davhlau recorder ntawm lub aircraft, ua nws thiab sau ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv uas yooj yim rau kev soj ntsuam. Tsis muaj decryption hauv cov txheej txheem no. Ntxiv mus, nws tsis yooj yim rau tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv. Koj tuaj yeem paub seb cov neeg sau xov xwm davhlau hais li cas ntawm txhua lub tshav dav hlau. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud. Tej zaum tsis tsim nyog.

Feem ntau, lub davhlau recorder ntawm ib lub dav hlau feem ntau yog tsim los tsim kom muaj kev sib tsoo huab cua kom ceeb toom hauvcov xwm txheej zoo sib xws yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tsis xav tau. Yog tias vim li cas lawv xav nkaum lossis tshem tawm qhov tseeb qhov tseeb (tej zaum yog vim li cas nom tswv), ces koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau qhov kev puas tsuaj loj thiab tsis muaj peev xwm nyeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub davhlau recorders.

Puas yog ib txwm tau txais cov ntaub ntawv?

Los ntawm txoj kev, kev txheeb cais qhia tias kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim ntau zaus. Qhov no yog hais txog ib ntawm peb qhov xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tseem tuaj yeem rov qab tau.

dab tsi lub davhlau recorders hais
dab tsi lub davhlau recorders hais

Sib cais ntawm daim kab xev yog glued ua ke, ces ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg yog siv, thiab cov neeg tshiab yog soldered rau cov ciaj sia taus qhov chaw ntawm lub microcircuits nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txuas lawv mus rau tus nyeem ntawv. Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem tsis yooj yim, txhua yam ua tiav hauv cov chaw sim tshwj xeeb thiab qee zaum siv sijhawm ntau, tab sis tseem tsis muaj dab tsi ua tsis tau.

Kev cia siab rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov kaw lus

Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, ntau thiab ntau qhov kev xav tau tshiab thiab nruj dua raug yuam rau cov neeg kaw. Yog li, lawv muaj chaw los tsim kho. Lub zeem muag tam sim no yog ua cov yeeb yaj kiab kaw los ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv sab nraud thiab sab hauv lub dav hlau. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias qhov no tuaj yeem pab txav mus rau qib tshiab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv, kom cov twj paj nruag hauv lub cockpit tsis yog xub, tab sis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub. Txij li thaum lub thawv qub nyiam, yog li hais, khov thaum muaj xwm txheej ntawm kev nyeem ntawv kawg, nws ua rau kev txiav txim siab hloov lawv nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus uas yuav tsis coj li no. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no, nrog rau cov saib, lawv tseem siv cov cuab yeej taw tes, yog tias lawvtsis kam.

nyob qhov twg lub davhlau recorders ntawm lub dav hlau
nyob qhov twg lub davhlau recorders ntawm lub dav hlau

Feem ntau, nws nyuaj rau xav txog tias kom txog rau thaum tsis ntev los no txhua lub dav hlau tau tsim thiab ya mus yam tsis muaj lub thawv dub. Thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, tsuas yog thawj lub dav hlau tau tshwm sim, uas tau sau tseg ntau qhov kev txwv. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg kaw cia tau pib tsuas yog thaum ntxov rau xyoo (ob qho tib si hauv peb thiab txawv teb chaws aviation). Nyob rau hauv lub USSR, qhov teeb meem no tau raug mob hnyav txij li xyoo 1970. Qhov tseeb yog lub sijhawm ntawd nws twb txwv tsis pub ua kev ya davhlau thoob ntiaj teb yam tsis muaj lub thawv dub.

Tshwj xeeb tom qab

Nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb sim tham txog qhov tsis meej pem "black box". Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no niaj hnub no, lub davhlau recorder yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm aviation. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau xav txog tias koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kom tau txais cov lus qhia los ntawm txhua qhov kev sib tsoo huab cua, thiab yav tom ntej yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam kev ntsuas tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb nrhiav feem ntau siv hauv cov chaw cob qhia, yog li hais, raws li kev sim ntawm cov xwm txheej tiag tiag rau cov neeg tsav dav hlau, vim tias qhov kev paub ntau dua ntawm cov neeg coob muaj nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej kub ntxhov, nws yuav pab tau lawv hauv kev sib tw tiag tiag. Tau kawg, deb ntawm txhua yam nyob ntawm tib neeg, cov khoom siv tsis raug rau lawv, tab sis kev paub ntxiv, raws li lawv hais, yeej tsis mob.

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