Marshall's Cross: qhov sib npaug, cov khoom siv thiab kev thov

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Nyob hauv lub neej niaj hnub no, ib tug tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis paub txog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam. Thiab lawv sawv cev li cas? Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm kev lag luam yog mov thiab kev thov - lub thiaj li hu ua Marshall Cross. Thiab nws yog ib hom cim ntawm no science. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav nyob ntawm nws nyob rau hauv kom meej ntxiv.

Alfred Marshall: Luv luv Biography thiab Kev Qhia

Tus kws tshaj lij nyiaj txiag yav tom ntej tau yug los hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv txhab nyiaj hauv London. Nws kawm hauv Oxford thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Cambridge. Tom qab kawm tiav, Marshall ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv. Xyoo 1885 nws tau los ua Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam ntawm Cambridge. Alfred Marshall ib txwm yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev sib tw dawb hauv kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo. Nws cov kev xav tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev coj ua classical thiab marginalism.

Marshall lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog tias nws tau tswj hwm los txhim kho kev lag luam kev lag luam raws li kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb. Thaum lub sijhawm nws lub neej, tus kws tshawb fawb tau luam tawm rau lub ntim "Cov Cai ntawm Kev Lag Luam", uas tseem suav tias yog ib qho haujlwm classic hauv daim teb no. Marshall tsis koom nrog qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev siv lej hauv kev lag luam thiabfollowers ntawm "ntshiab" science. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv "Cov Cai ntawm Kev Lag Luam" txhua qhov kev sib cav tsuas yog muab rau hauv daim ntawv hais lus, thiab tag nrho cov qauv thiab qhov sib npaug tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv txuas ntxiv. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev qhia ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb txog nyiaj txiag yog qhov kev xav ntawm kev muab khoom, kev xav tau, thiab kev sib npaug hauv kev ua lag luam. Lub tom kawg hu ua Marshall Cross.

Equilibrium point

Hnub no, txawm tias ib tug tub kawm ntawv uas nyuam qhuav pib kawm kev lag luam, nws pom tseeb tias tus nqi tau teem los ntawm kev muab khoom thiab kev thov. Lub Marshall Cross yog ib daim duab uas yuav luag tsis nco qab. Nws yog qhov yooj yim thiab schematic, ob lub nkhaus sib ntsib ntawm ib qho chaw. Nws hloov tawm ib tug "hla", los yog "txiav", uas nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tsim kom muaj kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua lag luam.

Txawm li cas los xij, me ntsis dhau ib puas xyoo dhau los, qhov no tsis pom tseeb. Marshall yog thawj tus qhia txog qhov sib npaug hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev xav tau. Nws raug piav qhia txog qhov nqes hav ntawm cov nkhaus thiab lawv cuam tshuam li cas. Lub Marshall Cross tau hloov pauv kev lag luam. Kev lag luam tus nqi thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm cov ntim niaj hnub no yog nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm cov neeg zoo tib yam. Thiab lawv nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm txhua txoj kev xav. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua ntau yam rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov keeb kwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub yam: kev thov, khoom siv, kev lag luam sib npaug, thiab kev faib nyiaj tau los. Wb pib nrog thawj tus.

xav tau txoj kev xav

Marshall tsim nws ntawm ob txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog kev nce nqi thiab saturation ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Lawv tso cai rau koj pom lub hom phiaj thiab kev tsim kho tom qab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.logic. Marshall kuj tau cais cov kev xav tau sib sau los ntawm tus kheej xav tau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsim lub tswvyim ntawm "nqi elasticity". Tsis tas li ntawd, Marshall tau muab kev txhais lus niaj hnub ntawm lub tswv yim no. Nws tau muab qhov kev txiav txim siab ua lej rau lub npe ntawm kev thov ua elastic.

Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshawb fawb tau mob siab rau txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm Marshall's Cross, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm txiav txim siab. Tus kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag tau hais tias qhov luv luv, qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua yog qhov xav tau, thiab qhov ntev nws yog, qhov cuam tshuam ntau dua yog cov khoom siv, uas yog, cov nqi tsim khoom. Nws yog Marshall uas tau qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm "cov neeg siv khoom txaus siab", uas tom qab ntawd tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj kev xav ntawm kev noj qab haus huv. Nws sawv cev qhov sib txawv ntawm tus nqi uas tus neeg siv khoom txaus siab them rau cov khoom thiab nws cov nqi tiag tiag.

About the offer

Lub Marshall Cross qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm tsis yog cov neeg siv khoom xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom. Hauv kev xav txog kev muab khoom, Marshall cais cov nqi nyiaj txiag ntawm kev tsim khoom los ntawm cov nqi tiag. Thawj yog cov nqi peev txheej. Qhov thib ob yog tus nqi ntawm txhua yam uas siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tsis hais seb nws puas tau yuav nrog nyiaj lossis yog cov cuab yeej ntawm kev lag luam.

Marshall tau mob siab rau qhov nce thiab txo qis ntawm qhov rov qab los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev nce qib. Nws qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ruaj khov, marginal thiab tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom. Hauv kev tshawb xav muab khoom, Marshall kuj tau qhia txog lub sijhawm. Tshwj xeeb, nws tau hais tiasnyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev, cov nqi tas yuav hloov pauv.

About market equilibrium

Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb txoj kev xav no yog Marshall Cross. Nws justified tus nqi raws li ib tug regulator ntawm lub khw. Marshall xav tias nws nyob ntawm qhov sib npaug nrog cov rog xws li kev muab khoom thiab kev thov. Tus kws tshawb fawb kuj tau qhia txog lub tswv yim ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov ntim, uas yog, xws li qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom uas txaus siab rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov neeg tsim khoom. Marshall tau sib cav tias nyob rau hauv kev sib tw dawb, yog tias tus nqi lag luam pib tshaj tus nqi sib npaug, qhov kev thov poob qis, thiab qhov no ua rau poob nqi. Nws kuj tau txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm thaj chaw thiab lub cev. Marshall tau hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau cais cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm luv thiab ntev. Nws tau hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj regulator xav tau yog tus regulator, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob nws yog mov.