Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm, kev nom kev tswv niaj hnub, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm, kev nom kev tswv niaj hnub, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm, kev nom kev tswv niaj hnub, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam

Video: Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm, kev nom kev tswv niaj hnub, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam

Video: Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland: keeb kwm, kev nom kev tswv niaj hnub, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam
Video: Tsov rog nyab laj Dien Bien Phu (Nyab laj vs Fab kis) Tsov rog nyab laj Part 1 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland muaj keeb kwm ntev. Cov no yog ob lub xeev nyob sib ze uas tau tawm tsam ntau dua ib zaug thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm, nkag mus rau hauv kev sib haum xeeb kev sib haum xeeb, rau qee lub sijhawm txawm tias qee thaj tsam Lavxias yog ib feem ntawm Poland, thiab tom qab ntawd Poland nws tus kheej tau tag nrho nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov teb chaws lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov keeb kwm yav dhau los.

In the times of Ancient Russia

Svyatopolk tus foom phem
Svyatopolk tus foom phem

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland muaj ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo keeb kwm. Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej ntxov tshaj plaws uas cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub xeev no yog kev kov yeej los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir Svyatoslavich ntawm Eastern Slavic Cherven lub nroog los ntawm Cov Ncej hauv 981.

Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, Russia tau txais kev ntseeg Vajtswv, uas yog qhov cim kev tswj hwm ntawm Orthodoxy hauv lub xeev. Tsis ntev ua ntej no (hauv 966) Poland tau los ua Catholic.

centuries dhau lostshwm sim los ntawm ntev thiab ntshav internecine tsov rog. Ntau tshaj ib zaug, cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias tau tig mus rau cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Polish kom pab. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov ua ntej xyoo 1018 tau tsim los ntawm Svyatopolk Tus Neeg Raug Cai, uas tau khiav tawm ntawm Kyiv mus rau Boleslav Kuv Lub Siab tawv. Tus huab tais Polish kov yeej Yaroslav tus txawj ntse nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Bug River, txawm tswj coj Kyiv, tab sis txiav txim siab tsis hloov lub hwj chim mus rau Svyatopolk, raws li tau pom zoo los ntawm Ameslikas, tab sis los kav nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv teb rau qhov no, cov neeg ntawm Kiev tsa ib tug uprising. Boleslav khiav nrog lub txhab nyiaj thiab cov viv ncaus raug ntes ntawm Yaroslav. Lub nroog Cherven tau rov qab los rau hauv tebchaws Poland, uas lawv tswj tau rov qab los tsuas yog 1031.

Qhov xwm txheej yuav luag zoo ib yam tshwm sim hauv 1069, thaum Tub Vaj Ntxwv Izyaslav Yaroslavich tau khiav mus rau tebchaws Poland mus rau Boleslav II Bold. Nws kuj tau cuam tshuam hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, mus rau kev sib tw tawm tsam Kyiv.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm Poland thiab Russia muaj lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib koom ua tub rog. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1042 tus huab tais Polish Casimir kuv tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib koom tes nrog Yaroslav the Wise, nyob rau hauv 1074 Boleslav II tau xaus lus pom zoo nrog Vladimir Monomakh. Kiev Prince Svyatopolk Izyaslavich tau sib yuav nws tus ntxhais rau Boleslav III. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub rog Lavxias tuaj pab huab tais, thaum tus tij laug Zbigniew tawm tsam nws.

Zoo li Russia, Poland raug kev txom nyem los ntawm Mongol ntxeem tau. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib tug quab ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws no, uas tso cai rau nws tsim kom muaj kev vam meej hauv kev coj noj coj ua, kev lag luam, thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Russian-Lithuanian tsov rog

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XIV, ib feem tseem ceebRussia yog nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, uas ua raws li ib tug counterweight rau lub Golden Horde. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib raug zoo sib raug zoo tsim los ntawm Poland thiab Lithuania, cov Lithuanians ntau dua ib zaug tau txais kev pab los ntawm Poles hauv kev tawm tsam nrog Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm rau kev sau ntawm Lavxias teb sab av. Qhov no tau txiav txim siab Russia txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog Poland hauv lub sijhawm tom qab Mongolian.

Txij li thaum Russia-Lithuanian ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1512-1522, qhov kev tawm tsam no tsis tau yog tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm Cov Nceeg Vaj. Nyob rau ntawm qhov siab ntawm Livonian Tsov Rog ntawm 1569, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland nce siab vim qhov xaus ntawm lub Union ntawm Lublin, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub Commonwe alth tau tsim. Tag nrho cov av ntawm niaj hnub Ukraine dhau mus rau Poles. Lub koom haum lub xeev tau tswj kom tig cov dej ntws ntawm cov tub rog tawm tsam, yuam kom Lavxias lub nceeg vaj tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ntawm ob peb sab. Lub Treaty ntawm Yam-Zapolsky tau tsim cov ciam teb uas muaj nyob ua ntej pib ntawm Livonian Tsov Rog.

Lub Sijhawm Teebmeem

False Dmitry kuv nyob rau hauv Moscow
False Dmitry kuv nyob rau hauv Moscow

Ib nplooj ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland yog txuas nrog Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Nyob rau hauv 1605, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Polish mercenaries, False Dmitry kuv, uas yav tas los hloov dua siab tshiab rau Catholicism, tau nce lub zwm txwv, cog lus tias yuav hloov ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab av mus rau Lub Tebchaws. Nws raug tua nyob rau hauv ib tug coup.

Txawm li cas los xij, False Dmitry II sai sai tau tshwm sim, uas tseem nyob hauv qab ntawm Cov Nceeg Vaj. Txhawm rau rhuav tshem tus neeg dag no, Russia yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nrog Sweden los ntawm kev ua kom thaj chaw cog lus. Ib theem nyuaj tau tuaj nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland. Hauv kev teb rau qhov kev sib koom tes no, Lub Tebchaws Commonwe alth besiegedSmolensk, officially nkag mus rau hauv tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv 1610, Lavxias teb sab-Swedish pab tub rog twb yeej nyob rau hauv Klushino, tom qab uas cov Poles nyob Moscow. Cov kws tsim tsa xya Boyars tau thov kom nce lub zwm txwv rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladislav.

Lub sijhawm no, ob tug tub rog tawm tsam txoj haujlwm Polish. Qhov thib ob tau ua tiav. Cov tub rog coj los ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky yuam cov Polish garrison nyob rau hauv Kremlin kom capitulate.

Cov kev sim tom ntej ntawm Cov Ncej kom yeej rov qab tsis tau tiav, lawv tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog Romanov huab tais kav ntxiv lawm.

Smolensk Tsov Rog

Siege ntawm Smolensk
Siege ntawm Smolensk

Hauv tebchaws Poland txoj cai rau Russia, ciam teb tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Smolensk ib txwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv 1632, Russia, xav rov qab nws, nteg siege rau lub nroog. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog ib lub fortresses muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem nqa nws.

Hauv xyoo 1654, kev tawm tsam tshiab tau pib. Lub Zemsky Sobor txiav txim siab los txhawb Bogdan Khmelnitsky hauv kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws. Hauv ob xyoos, cov tub rog Lavxias-Cossack tau tsim kev tswj hwm feem ntau ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, mus txog cov tebchaws Polish. Sweden tau siv sijhawm zoo los cuam tshuam Poland, yog li ob tog yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev muaj zog ntawm Scandinavians.

Kev kub ntxhov hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland tau rov pib dua xyoo 1658. Lub sijhawm no, kev vam meej yog nyob rau sab ntawm Cov Nceeg Vaj, uas tau tshem tawm cov tub rog Lavxias los ntawm Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine thiab Lithuania. Tab sis tom qab ntawd cov Poles pib tawm, thiab Andrusovo kev sib tw tau kos npe ua qhov tshwm sim. Raws li nwsSab laug-bank Ukraine, Smolensk thiab Kyiv mus rau Russia, thiab lub Zaporozhian Sich nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm ob lub xeev. Tom qab qhov xaus ntawm "Kev Thaj Yeeb Nyob Mus Ib Txhis" xyoo 1686, Kyiv tau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia.

Partition of Poland

Tsis ntev tom qab ntawd, txoj cai rau Russia thiab Poland tau pib ua tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm nyiam Russia. Nyob rau hauv Peter I, lub teb chaws tau ntxiv dag zog thiab rov ua dua tshiab, thaum lub Koom Txoos, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau poob qis.

Nyob rau hauv Tsov Rog ntawm Polish Succession, peb lub teb chaws twb ua raws li ib tug sab nraud quab yuam uas muaj zog nyob rau hauv domestic kev ua lag luam. Cov no yog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab cawv nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland yog thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine II. Ntawm Repninsky Diet, Catholics thiab Orthodox tau sib npaug hauv txoj cai, Russia tau lees paub tias yog tus lav ntawm Polish txoj cai lij choj, uas qhov tseeb tau hloov nws mus rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman.

Lub Bar Confederation, tsis txaus siab rau lub xeev no, tawm tsam tus pro-Lavxias teb sab huab tais Stanislav. Nws tau swb lawm, thiab ib feem ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Tebchaws tau faib nrog lawv tus kheej los ntawm Russia, Austria thiab Prussia.

Inspired los ntawm Fabkis Revolution, cov Poles tau pib tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Lavxias coj los ntawm Kosciuszko. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog coj mus rau qhov thib ob thiab thib peb kev faib tawm ntawm Lub Tebchaws.

Nyob hauv tebchaws Russia

Kosciuszko uprising
Kosciuszko uprising

Ntau tus tubtxib saum ntuj vam tias Napoleon yuav pab txhawb tebchaws Poland txoj kev ywj pheej. Nws tsim Duchy ntawm Warsaw, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib tw tawm tsam Russia. Tom qab swb ntawm tus aggressorRussia txoj cai txawv teb chaws rau Poland yog unfriendly. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Congress ntawm Vienna xyoo 1815, feem ntau ntawm cov duchy tau muab rau Russia. Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Tebchaws Poland tau tsim tsa.

Ib txoj cai ywj pheej tau tsim muaj nyob rau ntawd, lub nroog aristocracy tau lees paub rau tsoomfwv qib siab tshaj plaws, tab sis cov neeg hlub tseem tsis tau tso kev cia siab rau kev rov qab los ntawm lub xeev.

Qhib kev tawm tsam pib thaum xyoo 1830 nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Lub Xya Hli Revolution hauv Fabkis. Lavxias teb sab tub rog txwv nws, tom qab uas Field Marshal Paskevich los ua tus tswv xeev ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Poland. Nws tau tsim ib txoj cai nruj uas kav mus txog thaum nws tuag xyoo 1856.

Los ntawm 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua XIX, kev kub ntxhov tshiab tau pib, uas tau xaus nrog Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj ntawm 1863. Nws tau raug tshem tawm dua, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov phiaj xwm Russification ntawm Polish thaj av tau pib.

Rebirth of Independence

Jozef Pilsudski
Jozef Pilsudski

Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, cov tub rog Lavxias raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov tub rog German hauv xyoo 1915 los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Tebchaws Poland. Tau peb xyoos nws nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus aggressor.

Raws li cov lus cog tseg ntawm Brest-Litovsk, uas twb tau txiav txim siab los ntawm Soviet Russia, qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm thaj av Polish tau ua tiav. Lub Treaty ntawm Versailles tau pom zoo tsim lub xeev Polish tshiab, coj los ntawm Jozef Pilsudski. Nws cov phiaj xwm yog dismember Russia, tsim kom muaj ib lub koom haum loj Eastern European nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Poland.

Lub hom phiaj no tau ntsib cov phiaj xwm ntawm Bolsheviks los nthuav tawm cov tswv yim kev coj noj coj ua mus rau Tebchaws Europe sab hnub poob. Thawj ntawm txoj kev no yogPoland. Xyoo 1919, tom qab muaj kev sib tsoo riam phom hauv Belarus, ob tog tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cav tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv thawj theem, cov tub rog Polish nyob rau hauv Kyiv, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm counter-offensive ntawm lub Red Army nyob rau hauv 1920, lub Poles yuav tsum tsis tau tsuas yog tawm los, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv Warsaw. Tsuas yog tom qab kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm nws lub peev, Poland ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nrog Soviet Russia, raws li qhov kawg tau tso tseg thaj chaw ntawm Western Belarus thiab Western Ukraine.

Lub sijhawm ntawd, kaum tawm txhiab tus neeg raug kaw hauv tebchaws Polish raug ntes, ntau tus neeg tuag vim muaj mob hnyav hauv cov chaw pw hav zoov. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland tseem muaj kev ntxhov siab vim yog cov lus nug tsis daws teeb meem ntawm seb qhov kev saib xyuas ntawm cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj neeg tuag coob yog txhob txwm ua.

Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II

Tsev tub rog
Tsev tub rog

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, Poland nquag tshem tawm txhua yam uas ua rau nco txog nws yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, thaum tseem tshuav sib npaug ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab USSR.

Xyoo 1932, raws li kev sib tham, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau xaus nrog USSR, ob xyoos tom qab ntawd daim ntawv cog lus zoo sib xws tau kos npe nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Xyoo 1938, Tebchaws Poland tau koom nrog hauv kev faib ntawm Czechoslovakia, thaum lub siab ntawm Sudeten ntsoog, lawv thov kom rov qab los ntawm thaj av Teszyn rau lawv.

Lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, Poland nws tus kheej raug tawm tsam. Cov tub rog German nkag mus hauv nws thaj chaw. Yog li ntawd pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Twb tau lub Cuaj Hlis 17, tsoomfwv Soviet tau xa cov tub rog mus rau thaj av ntawm Western Belarus, Western Ukraine, thiab ib feem ntawm Vilna Voivodeship. Tom qab ntawdNws tau muab tawm tias kev nkag mus rau cov av no mus rau USSR tau raug tsim los ua ib qho zais cia ntxiv rau Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Politburo 21, 5 txhiab tus tub ceev xwm raug tua. Cov chaw ntawm lawv qhov kev tua raug sau ua ke hu ua Katyn tua neeg. Hauv kev sib raug zoo niaj hnub no ntawm Russia thiab Poland, lub ntsiab lus no tseem yog ib qho mob siab tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias nws raug txim thiab lees paub los ntawm Lavxias lub xeev.

Xyoo 1944, Cov Tub Rog Hauv Tsev, coj los ntawm tsoomfwv Polish nyob rau hauv exile, tau teeb tsa Warsaw Uprising, sim ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub tebchaws ntawm lawv tus kheej, tiv thaiv kev txhawb zog ntawm Soviet lub zog. Cov Germans tau txwv nws nrog kev ua phem tshwj xeeb, tua ntau pua txhiab tus pej xeem. Tam sim no, cov lus nug ntawm qhov twg kev pab cuam rau cov neeg ntxeev siab los ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau ua tau yog tau tham txog.

Nyob rau tom qab kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cov neeg German, kev ywj pheej ntawm Poland thiab kev ntes ntawm Berlin, Cov Tub Rog Polish, uas koom nrog Pab Pawg Neeg Tub Rog, tau koom nrog.

Post-war period

Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, cov koom pheej Polish tau tsim, uas tau tshaj tawm txog kev coj noj coj ua, tau los ua tus koom nrog tseem ceeb hauv Warsaw Pact. Lub Soviet Union pib hloov chaw nyob rau sab hnub poob uas yav dhau los tau koom nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees rau nws cov neeg nyob ze. Hauv particular, sab qab teb ntawm East Prussia, Silesia, Pomerania. Cov Germans raug ntiab tawm, thiab thaj av tau nyob los ntawm haiv neeg Poles, nrog rau cov neeg East Slavic raug ntiab tawm ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm Vistula. Yog li ntawd tau muaj kev hloov ntawm nws thaj chaw mus rau sab hnub poob, nthuav dav ntawm haiv neeg thaj av.

Kev sib raug zoo hauv tebchaws Poland yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov pej xeem kev loj hlob thiab kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ib leeg yog tsim los ntawm kev ua nom ua tswv, thiab kev tawm tsam tawm tsam pib. Raws li khoom plig los ntawm cov neeg Soviet, Palace of Science thiab Culture tau tsim nyob rau hauv Warsaw, uas rau hnub no tseem yog lub tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab siab tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland. Kev sib pauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov xeev pib, koom nrog pawg neeg sab nrauv. Piv txwv li, cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Soviet niaj hnub ua yeeb yam ntawm International Festival hauv Sopot, Polish actress Barbara Brylska plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet New Year's comedy The Irony of Fate, lossis Txaus siab rau koj da dej! Hauv tebchaws Poland, txoj haujlwm ntawm Bulat Okudzhava, Vladimir Vysotsky tau nrov heev, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau theem tsis raug cai.

Meanwhile, cov tub rog Soviet tau tso rau hauv thaj chaw ntawm Poland nws tus kheej, cov xwm txheej uas tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm ob lub tebchaws, xaus rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1956. Raws li txoj cai, nws txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm Soviet koom nrog hauv ib qho xwm txheej sab hauv ntawm Poland, thiab nruj me ntsis tsim nws tus lej. Nws qhov chaw xa tawm raug kaw, tau tsim kom muaj cov tub rog thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm lawv tsev neeg yuav tsum ua raws li txoj cai Polish.

Xyoo 1968, Poland tau pab USSR hauv kev tawm tsam Czechoslovak uprising. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee tus Poles muaj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet, uas ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tsis zoo rau kev tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo ntawm Soviet Union. Nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1956, thaum lub sij hawm riots nyob rau hauv Szczecin, lub qhov rais nyob rau hauv lub Soviet consulate tau tawg. Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ib lub mine tau tawg rau ntawm txoj kevKhrushchev lub cortege, uas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug mus ntsib mus rau lub Polish neeg lub koom pheej. Tsis muaj leej twg raug mob.

Hauv xyoo 1980, kev tawm tsam loj tau pib ntawm Lenin shipyard hauv Gdansk, uas tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Solidarity trade union thiab Lech Walesa. Lawv raug coj tawm tsam kev tswj hwm socialist. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau raug txwv tsuas yog tom qab kev qhia txog kev cai lij choj los ntawm Wojciech Jaruzelski. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Poland, cov xwm txheej no raug suav hais tias yog qhov pib ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm tag nrho cov socialist bloc. Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm Poland thiab Russia, lo lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog lub hwj chim ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv ntawm Jaruzelski thaum nws qhia martial txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog tseem debatable.

Txoj kev sib raug zoo thaum kawg raug rhuav tshem xyoo 1989. Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm Poland, txoj kev tshaj tawm ntawm Thib Peb Rzeczpospolita tau tshwm sim.

xwm txheej tam sim no

Tam sim no, qhov ntev ntawm Russia-Polish ciam teb yog 232 mais. Ib theem tshiab hauv kev sib raug zoo pib thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1990, thaum Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Sib Koom Tes Zoo thiab Kev Ua Phooj Ywg tau kos npe. Ib xyoos tom qab ntawd, kev tshem tawm ntawm Pawg Sab Qaum Teb ntawm Pawg Tub Rog los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Poland pib, uas tau ua tiav thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1993.

Tom qab kev tawg ntawm pawg neeg sib raug zoo, kev sib raug zoo nyuaj tsim los ntawm cov xeev, niaj hnub no kev sib raug zoo ntawm Poland thiab Russia tseem nruj. Txij thaum pib, Poland pib siv zog rau Euro-Atlantic cov qauv, koom tes nrog Asmeskas. Hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia, cov lus nug txog qhov hnyav keeb kwm yav dhau los tau raug tsa tsis tu ncua. Txoj cai ntawm kev nco feem ntau tuaj txog hauv ntejKev sib raug zoo thoob ntiaj teb ntawm Russia thiab Poland.

Lavxias teb sab Federation tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg zej zog kev txhawb nqa rau cov xim hloov pauv hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov tebchaws tom qab-Soviet. Nyob rau xyoo 2000, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland tau nyuaj vim muaj kev sib cav txog kev lag luam, nrog rau cov phiaj xwm los ntawm cov Poles kom tso cai rau cov neeg Amelikas siv lub chaw tiv thaiv missile ntawm lawv thaj chaw. Lavxias teb sab Federation suav tias qhov no yog kev hem thawj rau nws tus kheej kev ruaj ntseg.

Cov xeev tau los ze zog ua ke tom qab lub dav hlau poob ze Smolensk, uas tau tua Polish lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev Lech Kaczynski nrog ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm siab thiab cov tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Lavxias tau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas tus ncej raws li kev koom tes ntawm ib tus neeg nyob ze hauv lub dav hlau sib tsoo.

Kev tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv 2012, thaum lub sij hawm lub European Football Championship, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv Poland, Lavxias teb sab kiv cua tau npaj ib tug "Lavxias teb sab March" nyob rau hauv Warsaw, raug nplua los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv zos. Tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau raug kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm Polish football hooligans.

Lub yim hli ntuj 2012, thawj zaug mus ntsib Patriarch ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob lub xeev. Kirill tau mus xyuas tebchaws Poland thiab kos npe rau tsab xov xwm ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia thiab Poland, hu rau ob lub tebchaws rau kev sib haum xeeb.

Nyob rau xyoo 2013, Lavxias teb sab Embassy nyob rau hauv Warsaw tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm kev tawm tsam haiv neeg thaum lub Peb Hlis Ntuj ywj pheej. Lub tsev tau pelted nrog fwj thiab flares.

Nyob rau xyoo 2014 kev lag luam poob qiskev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland vim qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev tawm tsam los ntawm Lavxias Federation tawm tsam EU lub teb chaws. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov zaub mov embargo, ntshuam ntawm ib tug loj daim ntawv teev cov khoom rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws raug txwv. Russia qhov kev rau txim rau Poland cuam tshuam rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv zos, cov mis nyuj thiab cov neeg tsim khoom noj, uas cov cheeb tsam Lavxias ciam teb yav dhau los yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam loj ntawm lawv cov khoom. Tam sim no, qhov xwm txheej tseem tsis tau hloov pauv, tsoomfwv ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis tu ncua txuas ntxiv hauv cov lus teb rau kev nplua ntxiv los ntawm sab hnub poob vim yog Lavxias txoj cai hauv Crimea thiab Ukraine. Poland txhawb nqa lawv.

Demolition ntawm Soviet monuments
Demolition ntawm Soviet monuments

Muab hnub no piav qhia txog kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nyob rau xyoo tas los no kev lag luam pauv ntawm ob lub teb chaws tau poob qis. Tam sim no, Lavxias xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Poland yog 80% cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, Polish xa tawm mus rau Lavxias Federation yog raws li kev siv tshuab engineering thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Russia thiab Poland hnub no.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nom kev tswv tau phem zuj zus rau xyoo 2017 tom qab txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev sib cais tau pib siv. Tom qab ntawd, Poland los ua tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv desecration ntawm Soviet monuments. Qhov xwm txheej no hnyav zuj zus vim yog kev rhuav tshem cov monuments rau cov tub rog ntawm Red Army uas tau tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum lub sijhawm kev ywj pheej ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze los ntawm Nazism. Nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov no ua rau ib tug unambiguously tsis zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv. Poland nrhiav kev tshem tawm txhua yam uas cuam tshuam nrog Soviet yav dhau los.

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