"Blue banana" tsis yog cov nroj tsuag kab txawv, tab sis lub npe ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chaw lag luam tshaj plaws nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw zoo li no tsis yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub cev lossis lub koom haum. Qhov tsim tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, vim yog txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam.
Megalopolis yog dab tsi?
Lub nroog loj heev uas muaj pej xeem ntau dua 1 lab tus tib neeg txhais tau tias yog lub nroog loj. "Blue banana" hais txog megalopolises. Txhais lus los ntawm Greek, ib lub nroog loj heev. Txog tam sim no qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib hais haum. Nws yog tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm confluence ntawm ob peb lub nroog agglomerations, compact pawg, feem ntau hauv nroog settlements. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw lawv muaj peev xwm kis tau ib tug mus rau lwm tus, tsim ib tug complex dynamic multi-component system, koom ua ke los ntawm kab lis kev cai, thauj mus los thiab intensive zus tau tej cov.
Lo lus yog thawj zaug siv los ntawm Fab Kis Fab Kis Jean Gottman. Yog li ntawd nws hu ua lub union ntawm yuav luag plaub caug nyob sib ze agglomeration. Lawv tshwm sim nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Atlantic ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm America ib qho kev sib haum xeeb stretched raws cov kev thauj mus los nrog tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm ntau txhiab square kilometers nrog cov pejxeem ntawm kaum tawm lab tus tib neeg.
Features:
- kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov chaw hauv nroog nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg;
- polycentric qauv, uas tsis muaj qhov chaw meej meej;
- kev txhim kho khiav raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, txoj kev loj, dej loj lossis ntug hiav txwv hiav txwv thiab muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib puag ncig teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov pej xeem coob ntawm thaj chaw.
Teb chaws Europe
Thaj chaw, "Blue Banana" nyob ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb raws kab ntawm cov chaw lag luam loj thiab cov nroog hauv Tebchaws Europe. Conventionally, nws pib yog nyob rau hauv North-West ntawm England nyob rau hauv Lancashire. Ntawm no yog cov chaw qub qub ntawm cov thee thiab steel kev lag luam. Lub ntsiab lus yav qab teb yog sab hnub poob ntawm Ltalis - Turin, Genoa, Milan.
Blue Banana hla Belgium, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Netherlands thiab Switzerland, thaj chaw muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog li 110 lab tus tib neeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Rau nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw no tseem hu ua "European economic qaum."
Blue Banana Megalopolis suav nrog cov hauv qab no hauv nroog agglomeration:
Belgium:
- Flemish pob zeb diamond: Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Leuven.
UK:
- Birmingham - Wolverhampton;
- Liverpool;
- Linds-Brandford
- London;
- Manchester-Salford;
- Midlands;
- Nottingham - Derby;
- Sheffield.
Lub Tebchaws Yelemees:
- Mannheim;
- cheeb tsam Rhine-Ruhr;
- Frankfurt am Main;
- cheeb tsam Stuttgart.
Italy:
- Genoa;
- Milan;
- Turin.
Fabkis:
- Zoo.
Netherlands:
- Arnhem - Nijmegen;
- Brabant;
- Randstad.
Switzerland:
- Zurich.
interstate:
- Basel agglomeration (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Switzerland);
- Strasbourg, Ortenau (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis).
- Lille, Kortrijk, Tournai (Belgium, Netherlands, Fabkis);
- Masco-Rhine cheeb tsam (Netherlands, Belgium, Lub teb chaws Yelemees);
- Saarbrücken, Vorbakom (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis).
Global Giants
Muaj ntau lub nroog mega hauv ntiaj teb:
- USA: Boswash los ntawm Boston mus rau Washington. Nws yog cov saw ntawm lub nroog ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic, ntev 750 km. Kwv yees li 15% ntawm Asmeskas cov pej xeem nyob hauv thaj chaw, txog li 25% ntawm Asmeskas cov chaw lag luam muaj nyob.
- Europe: Blue Banana megalopolis (tau muaj nws lub npe txij li xyoo 1989). Nws muaj kev txhim kho kev thauj mus los zoo. Nws suav nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws European ports thiab tshav dav hlau. Hauv cheeb tsam no nyobChaw ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb: European Parliament, NATO, International Court of Justice.
- Tuam Tshoj: Yangtze Delta, aka lub Yangtze Golden Daim duab peb sab. Nws npog thaj tsam ntawm 99,600 km². 80 lab tus tib neeg nyob ntawm no, 50 lab yog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog. Lub megalopolis suav nrog lub ntiaj teb lub nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pejxeem - Shanghai. Kev koom tes ntawm cheeb tsam rau lub teb chaws GDP yog 21%.
- UK: London-Liverpool. Qhov ntev ncav cuag 400 km, cov pej xeem ceev yog siab, mus txog 500 tus neeg ib km2. Nws muaj txog 30 agglomerations, nrog rau cov pejxeem ntawm 35 lab tus tib neeg. Qhov loj tshaj plaws London - 12 lab tus neeg nyob.
- USA: Sansun los ntawm San Francisco mus rau San Diego. 10% ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem nyob ntawm no, nws yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws ntug dej hiav txwv agglomerations nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nws ntev yog 790 km. Lub nroog hluas tshaj plaws hauv Asmeskas.
- Nyiv: Tokaido los ntawm Tokyo mus rau Osaka thiab Kobe. stretches rau 700 km, tsev rau 56% ntawm lub teb chaws cov pej xeem (70 lab tus tib neeg).
- USA thiab Canada: Chipits, Great Lakes Region. Thaj tsam 160 km2, pejxeem kwv yees li 35 lab
Kev xav
Blue Banana muaj kev cia siab zoo rau kev txhim kho ntxiv, qhia nws txuas ntxiv mus rau Rome. Cov cheeb tsam uas ntxim nyiam rau kev nqis peev loj ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm thaj chaw "tsiaj tsawb". Tam sim no, Golden Txiv tsawb yog qhov cuam tshuam, nrog cov pejxeem txog li 45 lab tus neeg nyob. Nws pib yog nyob rau hauv Italian nroog ntawm Genoa thiab Turin. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws khiav raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Mediterranean. Hla dhau Fabkis (Lyon, Marseille, Monaco, Nice,Toulon, Toulouse) thiab xaus rau Spain (Barcelona, Valencia, Cartagena).
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, lub xeev megalopolis "Green Banana" yog qhov nthuav. Nws pib hauv tebchaws Poland, hla dhau Czech koom pheej, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia thiab xaus rau hauv Trieste, Ltalis. Thaj chaw no yog tsev rau 40 lab tus tib neeg.
