Cheeb tsam Vitebsk: pom, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:48

cheeb tsam Vitebsk yog ib feem ntawm Belarus. Nws qhov chaw tswj hwm yog lub nroog Vitebsk, ib sab ntawm cov dej ntws Zapadnaya Dvina thiab Vitba ntws.

Lub Sijhawm Tseem Ceeb

Nws tau xav tias txawm nyob hauv Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb heev tuaj yeem nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Vitebsk. Txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov chaw txheeb xyuas ntawm cov neeg thaum ub tau muab qhov laj thawj los hais tias lawv nyob rau Hnub Nyoog Kawg thiab Hlau.

Nyob rau ntawm nplooj ntawv keeb kwm nto moo "Cov Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo", uas tau muab tso ua ke hauv 862, Polotsk tus thawj tswj hwm tau hais rau ntawm qhov chaw niaj hnub no Vitebsk. Thawj thawj tus tub huabtais ntawm thaj chaw qub tshaj plaws hauv thaj av no yog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Rogvolod, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub chaw tswj hwm tau muab rau Polotsk. Niaj hnub no, thaj tsam Vitebsk, qhov pom ntawm qhov peb yuav piav qhia hauv tsab xov xwm, zoo li, tau kawg, txawv kiag li.

Thaum tig ntawm XIII-XIV centuries, cov txheej txheem ceev ceev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cheeb tsam pib, hais txog kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVI. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Orthodox monasteries thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, thawj cov tsev kawm ntawv tau qhib. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub cheeb tsam Vitebsk yog heev nthuav rau historians - tag nrho covcov attractions nyob ntawm no tsis tuaj yeem pom hauv ib hnub.

Kev txhim kho tom qab xyoo pua 16

Nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Poland tau txais lub zog, uas, tom qab koom ua ke nrog Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania, tsim lub Tebchaws. Muaj kev hloov pauv tsis siv neeg lub zog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. thiab hauv Vitebsk thaj av, nrog rau tag nrho cov kev tshwm sim tom ntej. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev ntseeg Catholic tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj Dominican, kev tsim ntawm Jesuit collegium thiab nrhiav tau lub tsev teev ntuj Bernardine. Los ntawm txoj kev, niaj hnub no tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog lub ntsiab attractions ntawm lub Vitebsk cheeb tsam.

Xyoo 1866, ceg ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Orel mus rau Riga, nrog rau ob lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, nrog rau Kyiv thiab Brest, suav nrog Vitebsk. Thiab los ntawm 1914, Vitebsk yog lub nroog loj nrog kev lag luam zoo. Ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917, yuav luag 8% ntawm 109 txhiab tus pej xeem nyob hauv nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab lag luam hauv lub nroog no.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij Lub Ib Hlis mus txog Lub Plaub Hlis 1919, Poland tau coj kom zoo dua ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv thaj chaw uas tau poob rau hauv oblivion, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, thiab nyob ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Belarus, nrog rau tam sim no lub nroog Minsk. Txawm li cas los xij, lub xeev Vitebsk tseem yog ib feem ntawm Soviet Russia.

Modern Vitebsk cheeb tsam

Kev tsim ntawm thaj av Vitebsk ntog rau nruab nrab Lub Ib Hlis 1938. Thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 11, 1941, cov tub rog German tau tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev ntawm Vitebsk. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog nyuaj, Nazis yuav luag tag nrholoj settlements.

Modern Vitebsk cheeb tsam yog nto moo rau nws qib siab ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam pab txhawb kev tuav cov suab paj nruag festivals, thiab lwm yam kev coj noj coj ua tau pib. Lub nto moo "Slavianski Bazaar" yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm lub regional center. Yog li ntawd, thaj av Vitebsk, qhov chaw uas peb tab tom txiav txim siab, tuaj yeem raug suav hais tias yog lub chaw kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub tebchaws.

Qee qhov tseeb txog thaj tsam Vitebsk

Lub nroog me tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam no yog Disna, uas nyob ntawm tus dej ntawm tib lub npe. Los ntawm 1921 txog 1939 qhov kev sib hais haum no tau suav tias yog ib feem ntawm Poland. Thiab txij li xyoo 1959, nws tau txais nws cov xwm txheej tam sim no - lub nroog Disna (Vitebsk cheeb tsam). Nws qhov kev pom muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Ib tug neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws yuav tsum tuaj ntawm no:

• tsev kho mob (thaum xyoo pua 20th) - ruins;
• castle (XVI-XVII centuries);
• estate "Doroshkovichi";
• Resurrection Church.

Tsawg tus neeg paub tias zaj dab neeg ntawm A. S. Pushkin zaj dab neeg "Dubrovsky" yog raws li qhov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim hauv tib lub Vitebsk. Lub tswv yim tau pom zoo rau tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias thiab kws sau paj huam los ntawm nws tus phooj ywg zoo P. V. Nashchokin. Pushkin nyob hauv Vitebsk thaum xyoo 1823 nws tau taug kev mus rau Odessa rau 13 lub hlis raug tshem tawm. Thiab qee qhov kev pom ntawm thaj av Vitebsk tau mob siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim.

Nws yog ib qho kev paub paub tias qhov kev hloov kho tshiab, xa mus rau Renaissance, pib nws txoj kev hla Tebchaws Europe los ntawm Paris. TABSISVitebsk, los ntawm txoj kev, yog tus tswv lub npe ntawm lub thib ob peev ntawm no kev taw qhia ntawm kos duab. Hmoov tsis zoo, ob peb tug tau hnov qhov tseeb no.

Hnub no Vitebsk tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qhov muaj ntau yam khoom ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Muaj 219 architectural monuments ntawm no, yim ntxiv muaj feem xyuam rau keeb kwm thiab rau archaeology. Lub Vitebsk cheeb tsam yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ancient vaj tse. Kev tshawb pom tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas tau ntev, mloog cov dab neeg nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos thiab cov lus qhia.

tus kheej zoo ntawm thaj av Vitebsk

Marc Chagall yug thiab loj hlob hauv Vitebsk. Nws thaum yau xyoo dhau los ntawm txoj kev Pokrovskaya. Lub tsev uas tsev neeg ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej nto moo artist nyob tam sim no yog ib lub tsev cia puav pheej. Txhua yam khoom hauv tsev uas cuam tshuam txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Chagall yog tam sim no tso rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej raws li cov khoom pov thawj.

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, xyoo 1896 muaj qee tus txiv neej Fab Kis Fab Kis Fernand Guillen, raws li kev pom zoo nrog tsoomfwv hauv nroog, tau tsim txoj kev hluav taws xob rau tsheb tram. Ua tsaug rau qhov xwm txheej no, ob xyoos tom qab, ib hom kev thauj pej xeem txawv txawv twb tau khiav ncig lub nroog. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm khaws cia nco txog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb - thawj lub tsheb ciav hlau, uas suav tias yog kev txaus siab ntawm Vitebsk.

Lub Xya Hli Ntuj xyoo 1895, ib tug neeg nyob hauv Vitebsk O. Drevnitskaya tau ua tiav tsaws nrog lub kaus mom hlau, ua tsaug uas nws tau muaj npe nrov, dhau los ua thawj tus poj niam parachutist.

In the 80s of the XIX century. Vitebsk kws yees duab SigismundYurkovski tuaj nrog lub tswv yim ci ntsa iab - txhawm rau txhim kho lub koob yees duab nrog lub kaw lus tam sim. Nws yog kev hloov pauv tiag tiag hauv kev yees duab.

Ntxhais Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg

Kev tsov rog tau tso tseg qhov cim tsis pom ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Vitebsk thiab thaj av. Yog li ntawd, rau 3 lub hlis Vitebsk nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Napoleonic pab tub rog thaum lub sij hawm lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812. Napoleon xaiv lub Governor's Palace, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Uspenskaya Gorka, muab ib tug tub rog lub hauv paus chaw ua hauj lwm. Hauv lub nroog Belarusian no, tus huab tais Fabkis yuav tsum ua kev zoo siab rau nws lub hnub yug tom ntej rau lub Yim Hli 3.

Lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj tau dhau los ua ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws rau Vitebsk. Yuav luag txhua lub tsev nyob tau raug rhuav tshem (93%), thiab tsuas yog 118 ntawm 167 txhiab tus pej xeem tswj kom muaj sia nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab swb ntawm Nazi invaders, lub nroog pib rov tsim dua.

Tub rog monuments uas cheeb tsam Vitebsk nto moo rau yog qhov pom uas tsis tuaj yeem tso leej twg tsis quav ntsej.

Ilya Repin Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab St. Sophia Cathedral

16 km ntawm Vitebsk yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ilya Repin "Zdravnevo". Kom txog rau thaum 1892 lub cuab yeej cuab tam hu ua Sofiyivka. Nws tau yuav los ntawm tus kws kos duab-peredvzhnik nrog cov nyiaj tau txais tom qab muag rau Emperor Alexander III ntawm cov duab nto moo, uas qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Zaporizhzhya Cossacks sau cov lus teb rau Turkish Sultan. Hauv cov vaj tsev no, Ilya Repin tau tshoov siab los tsim ntau tshaj 40 ntawm nws cov masterpieces, xws li "Moonlight Night", "Autumn Bouquet", "In the Sun" thiab. Lwm yam

Thiab cov neeg tuaj saib vaj tse tseem muaj sijhawm taug kev raws txoj kev ntawm lindens, uas tus kws kos duab cog.

Nyob hauv Polotsk, ntawm Zamkova Street, muaj St. Sophia Cathedral (los yog Sophia ntawm Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Vajtswv), tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO. Nws belongs rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntxov tshaj plaws ntawm Orthodoxy, thiab nyob rau hauv Belarus nws yog suav hais tias yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ua los ntawm pob zeb. Kwv yees li ntawm XI xyoo pua. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vseslav Charodey tau hais kom ua lub tuam tsev, ua cim lub zog ntawm Polotsk. Tus qauv yog tus tij laug ntawm lub peev ntawm Byzantine Empire.

Lub nroog Glubokoe thiab cov tuam tsev hauv lub nroog Lepel

Thiab 187 km ntawm Vitebsk yog lub nroog zoo nkauj ntawm Glubokoe (Vitebsk cheeb tsam). Qhov pom ntawm thaj chaw no yuav txaus siab rau txhua tus uas txaus siab rau cov vaj tsev qub:

• mill (1911);
• Carmelite monastery (XVII-XIX c.);
• Cathedral hauv kev hwm ntawm Nativity ntawm Blessed Virgin Mary (1639-1654);
• Church of the Holy Trinity (1628).

Tseem muaj tsib lub pas dej hauv nroog. Cov neeg ncig tebchaws yuav tsum tau mus xyuas Glubokoye Keeb Kwm thiab Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Thiab connoisseurs ntawm lub tuam tsev yuav tsum pom qhov pom ntawm Lepel (Vitebsk cheeb tsam):

• St. George's Chapel (1900);
• chapel-tombstone (XIX c.);
• St. Paraskeva Friday Lub Koom Txoos (1841-1844);
• Church of St. Casimir (1857-1876).

Lub nroog no nyob ntawm Vitebsk ntawm qhov deb ntawm 110 km. Thaj chaw tab tom txhim kho sai heev - cov tsev tshiab tab tom tsim ntawm no,tsev kawm ntawv thiab kindergartens.

Nyob zoo scenery

Republican toj roob hauv pes cia "Yelnya", nyob rau hauv Miory koog tsev kawm ntawv, yog nto moo rau nws glacial pas dej thiab ancient tsa bogs, uas ua pa tawm ntawm cov neeg mus ncig tebchaws. Cov laus tshaj plaws (tsawg kawg 9,000 xyoo) swamp hu ua "Yelnya" occupies 20 txhiab hectares.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, ntau hom cranes thiab geese flock ntawm no ntau. Cov chaw no yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cranberries. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrov heev ntawm no uas muaj kev lom zem tshwj xeeb txawm tias muaj kev hwm txhua xyoo.

Ntawm no yog cov npe ntawm cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Vitebsk uas txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj xyuas Belarus yuav tsum pom:

1. Holy Assumption Cathedral (Vitebsk).
2. Hagia Sophia Cathedral (Polotsk).
3. Town Hall (Vitebsk).
4. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Belarusian Typography (Polotsk).
5. Monument to the Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 (Polotsk).
6. Pushkin Choj (Vitebsk).
7. Lub Tsev ntawm Peter kuv (Polotsk).
8. Cathedral of Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Zaj Siab).
9. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev coj noj coj ua (Braslav).
10. Memorial complex "Rylenki".

Ntawm no yog daim ntawv teev npe yam tsawg kawg nkaus uas tsim nyog ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi.