Thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm kev pom, qee cov tsiaj muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag nyuaj heev. Cov no, tau kawg, suav nrog ob lub qhov muag. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv kab thiab crustaceans, ib co arthropods thiab invertebrates. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muag sib xyaw thiab ib qho yooj yim, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog dab tsi? Peb yuav tham txog qhov no hauv peb cov khoom hnub no.
Composite ob lub qhov muag
Qhov no yog qhov kho qhov muag, raster, qhov twg tsis muaj ib qho retina. Thiab tag nrho cov receptors tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv me me retinules (paub pawg), ua ib txheej convex uas tsis muaj cov hlab ntsha xaus. Yog li, lub qhov muag muaj ntau qhov sib cais - ommatidia, ua ke rau hauv ib qho kev pom kev pom.
Cov qhov muag sib xyaw, qhov tshwm sim, piv txwv li, hauv cov kab, txawv ntawm cov duab thaij duab (hauv tib neeg thiab) hauv cov ntsiab lus tsis zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me. Tab sis lawv muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv lub teeb vibrations (txog 300 Hz), thaum rau ib tug neeg qhov kev txwv yog 50 Hz. Kuj ntawm daim nyias nyiashom qhov muag no muaj cov qauv tubular. Raws li qhov pom ntawm qhov no, lub qhov muag sib xyaw tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo li kev pom deb lossis myopia, lub tswv yim ntawm kev pab tsis muaj feem xyuam rau lawv.
Qee yam ntawm cov qauv thiab lub zeem muag
Nyob hauv ntau cov kab, lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag nyob feem ntau ntawm lub taub hau thiab tsis muaj zog. Piv txwv li, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntawm ib tug dragonfly muaj 30,000 hais, tsim ib tug complex qauv. Npauj npaim muaj 17,000 ommatidia, ib tug yoov muaj 4,000, thiab ib tug muv muaj 5. Ib tug neeg ua haujlwm ntsaum muaj pes tsawg tus particles, 100.
Binocular lossis faceted?
thawj hom kev pom pom tso cai rau koj pom qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom, lawv cov ntsiab lus me me, kwv yees qhov deb ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv qhov chaw nyob hauv kev sib raug zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag tsuas yog txwv rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees. Yog tias xav tau kev pom ntau dua, lub qhov muag txav ntawm qib reflex (los yog peb tig peb lub taub hau ncig lub axis). Muab ob lub qhov muag nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hemispheres nrog ommatidia tso cai rau koj mus saib qhov kev muaj tiag nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua sab yam tsis tig lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag los yog lub taub hau. Ntxiv mus, cov duab uas lub qhov muag kis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog heev zoo ib yam li ib tug mosaic: ib tug tib lub ntsiab yog perceived los ntawm ib tug structural unit ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab ua ke lawv lub luag hauj lwm rau recreating lub tiav daim duab.
Ntau yam
Ommatidia muaj cov yam ntxwv anatomical, vim tias lawv cov khoom kho qhov muag sib txawv (piv txwv li, sib txawvkab). Cov kws tshawb fawb txhais peb hom facet:
- Tshaj tawm. Diurnal kab muaj xws li complex compound ob lub qhov muag. Cov xim uas tsis muaj pob tshab sib cais cov ntsej muag - cov khoom uas nyob ze. Thiab lub qhov muag receptors tsuas yog pom lub teeb uas coincides nrog lub axis ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb ommatidium.
- Opticosuperposition. Qee cov crustaceans, nrog rau cov kab nocturnal thiab crepuscular, muaj xws li complex compound ob lub qhov muag. Cov xim muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag alternates lub ommatidia los ntawm kev txav mus los, uas ua rau kom qhov rhiab heev ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag nyob rau hauv lub teeb qis.
- Neurosuperpositional. Ntau yam ommatidia qhia txog cov teeb liab los ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus hauv qhov chaw.
Los ntawm txoj kev, qee hom kab muaj ib hom sib xyaw ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag, thiab ntau, ntxiv rau cov uas peb tab tom xav, kuj muaj qhov muag yooj yim. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib tug yoov, piv txwv li, paired facet lub cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg yog nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub taub hau. Thiab nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub taub hau muaj peb lub qhov muag yooj yim uas ua haujlwm pabcuam. Tib lub koom haum ntawm lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag thiab cov muv - uas yog, tsuas yog tsib lub qhov muag xwb!
Nyob hauv qee cov crustaceans, cov qhov muag sib xyaw zoo li zaum ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes-stalks.
Thiab qee qhov amphibians thiab ntses kuj muaj qhov muag ntxiv (parietal) qhov muag, uas txawv lub teeb, tab sis muaj qhov muag pom. Nws cov retina tsuas muaj cov hlwb thiab cov receptors xwb.
Kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub
Tsis ntev los no, ob lub qhov muag yog qhov kev kawm thiabkev txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Tom qab tag nrho, xws li lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag, vim lawv cov qauv qub, ua rau muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub optics. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov pom dav ntawm qhov chaw, kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, siv feem ntau hauv cov khoom me me, kev cog lus, kev soj ntsuam zais cia.
