Davhlau recorders: ntaus ntawv, qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, duab

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Davhlau recorders: ntaus ntawv, qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, duab
Davhlau recorders: ntaus ntawv, qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, duab

Video: Davhlau recorders: ntaus ntawv, qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, duab

Video: Davhlau recorders: ntaus ntawv, qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau, duab
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Anonim

Davhlau recorders yog cov cuab yeej tsim los cawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub davhlau thiab kev sib txuas lus hauv lub cockpit. Cov cuab yeej yog ib lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas sau rau hauv cov xov xwm digital. Lub kaw lus muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau kaw. Lub davhlau recorders muaj peev xwm siv sij hawm txaus nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis zoo.

History

Thawj tus neeg sau npe tau tsim nyob hauv Fabkis. Xyoo 1939, F. Oussenot thiab P. Baudouin tau tsim ib qho oscilloscope uas tau sau tseg txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm lub davhlau parameter siv lub teeb rays. 14 xyoo tom qab, tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Australian science D. Warren, koom nrog hauv kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm cov neeg caij dav hlau, tuaj rau lub tswv yim ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau sau cov lus sib tham ntawm cov neeg tsav dav hlau.

davhlau recorders
davhlau recorders

Lub tswv yim hloov mus ua ib qho kev tsim tiag tiag 3 xyoos tom qab, xyoo 1956. Lub davhlau recorder tau tiv thaiv nrog asbestos thiab rooj plaub hlau. Xyoo 1960, Australia tau qhia txog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev teeb tsa lub kaw lus hauv lub dav hlau los uayuav tsum tau. Lwm lub tebchaws tau ua raws li qhov piv txwv ntawm Green Continent.

lus dab neeg

Cov xov xwm tshaj tawm txhua lub dav hlau sib tsoo hauv txhua qhov nthuav dav muaj. Tej zaum txhua tus tau hnov txog lub thawv dub. Lub davhlau recorder yog qhov tseeb tsis yog qhov uas tus neeg nruab nrab tau siv los xav txog. Lub thawv dub loj myths tsim:

  1. Lub kaw lus nws tus kheej yeej tsis yog dub, tab sis txiv kab ntxwv. Cov xim raug xaiv raws li qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm lub kaw lus hauv kev sib tsoo.
  2. Thiab lub thawv tsis yog lub thawv tag nrho: tus neeg sau npe feem ntau yog pob lossis lub tog raj kheej. Cov duab kheej kheej tso cai rau nws tiv taus qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai thauj khoom.
  3. Feem ntau tsis xav tau lub tshuab txiav tawm kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg. Cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau encrypted nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev. Leej twg tuaj yeem mloog lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tau txais.

Nyob tam sim no cov neeg nyeem yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim zoo ntawm lub davhlau cov ntaub ntawv zoo li cas.

black box flight recorder
black box flight recorder

Cov kab tsheb niaj hnub tau muab nrog ob lub davhlau kaw: lub suab thiab parametric. Kev siv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm cov neeg sau npe yog xyaum.

Destination

Davhlau recorders yog tsim los sau thiab khaws cov cim taw qhia, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ua ntawm cov neeg coob thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub dav hlau. Cov neeg sau npe niaj hnub muaj peev xwm sau tau cov kev txwv hauv qab no:

  • roj kua siab thaum muab rau lub cav;
  • siab hauv txhua lub tshuab hydraulic;
  • cav ceev;
  • kub tom qab qhov chaw ntawm lub dav hlau turbine;
  • siv khawm sib ntaus;
  • kev sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej tswj hwm thiab nws qib;
  • siv cov kev tawm mus thiab tsaws;
  • nrawm, qhov siab, txoj kev ya dav hlau;
  • hla lub lighthouses.

Sau cov davhlau tsis txwv thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau sib tham ua kom yooj yim rau kev tshawb nrhiav qhov ua rau lub dav hlau poob. Qhov no tsis tsuas yog tso cai rau peb nkag siab txog qhov tsis zoo hauv kev tsim qauv, tab sis kuj tseem tsim cov phiaj xwm kev nqis tes ua thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm txhua sab.

Flight Recorder Unit

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov cuab yeej kaw yog nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kaw cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, sib nqus, tshuab thiab hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem kaw lus tshuab thiab kho qhov muag tau dhau los lawm, lawv tsis tau siv tam sim no txawm tias cov qauv qub ntawm aircraft.

nyob qhov twg yog lub davhlau recorders
nyob qhov twg yog lub davhlau recorders

Cov tshuab kaw lus hluav taws xob yog qhov sib sau ntawm lub cim xeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, zoo li SSD tsav hauv lub laptop tsis tu ncua. Cov kaw lus nrog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa rau ntawm txhua lub dav hlau niaj hnub thiab ua rau feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov recorders siv. Ntawm cov qauv qub, txoj kev sib nqus cov ntaub ntawv siv daim kab xev lossis xaim tseem siv. Qhov kawg yog qhov kev xaiv txhim khu kev qha.

flight recorders ntawm crashed aircraft
flight recorders ntawm crashed aircraft

Sab nraud, lub davhlau recorder yog tiv thaiv los ntawm lub plhaub hlau ua los ntawm titanium alloys lossis alloyed hlau. Cov kev ua haujlwm thiab cov ntawv xeem raug siv yam tsis muaj kev pab ntxiv. Cov tsos ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav nyob ntawm seb hom davhlau recorders. Cov duab tso cai rau koj los kawm paub meej txhua hom sib cais.

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kaw lus kuj yog vim qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg kaw lub davhlau. Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntu ntu ntawm lub dav hlau raug kev txom nyem tsawg kawg nkaus hauv kev sib tsoo hauv huab cua. Nws yog vim li no uas piav qhia qhov chaw ntawm lub davhlau recorders nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau ntawm tus Tsov tus tw ntawm lub fuselage.

Start recorder

Tsuas yog cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis txaus siab rau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam tau nkag mus rau kev saib xyuas lub kaw lus. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem qhib lossis kaw ntawm lawv tus kheej. Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tso tawm tsis siv neeg, kev sib raug zoo yog tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub kaw lus thiab kev ua ntawm lub dav hlau. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev tso npe ua haujlwm:

  • thaum pib lub cav dav hlau;
  • nrog txwv kev hloov pauv;
  • siv ceev sensors.

Lub sijhawm nws siv los sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub davhlau recorders nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub ntawv kaw li cas. Feem ntau 30-120 feeb los ntawm ib qho chaw hauv lub davhlau.

Hom npe sau npe nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm daim ntawv thov

Lub tshuab ua haujlwm davhlau ya nyob twg yog siv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm ua kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv lub hom phiaj txog lub xeev ntawm lub dav hlau ua haujlwm, nrog raukev soj ntsuam ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Hom ntawv kaw no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig hauv kev puas tsuaj.

dab tsi lub davhlau recorders zoo li
dab tsi lub davhlau recorders zoo li

Lub davhlau ceev ceev yog raws nraim lub tshuab uas txhua tus neeg tham txog hauv lub dav hlau poob. Ua ntej ua haujlwm, ib qho kev sim ua kom pom tias cov cuab yeej tiv taus zoo li cas rau cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Lub davhlau recorders ntawm downed aircraft yuav tsum muaj peev xwm ntawm:

  • nyob rau hauv dav hlau roj rau 24 teev;
  • 60 feeb kom hlawv hauv qhov hluav taws kub (1100 ° C);
  • nyob hauv qab dej hiav txwv (6000 m) ib hlis;
  • nrog qhov zoo li qub dhau ntawm 2168kg ntawm txhua lub qag.

Ua raws li kev kuaj xyuas kom meej, lub davhlau kaw tau pom zoo rau kev teeb tsa hauv lub dav hlau.

Lub ntsuas ntsuas yuav raug siv los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau. Nws yog siv thaum lub sij hawm sim davhlau sim txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem tsim tau. Tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm cov neeg caij npav.

Suab thiab parametric recorders

Cov dav hlau niaj hnub tau nruab nrog ob hom kev kaw lus: hais lus thiab parametric. Feem ntau cov qauv tsim muaj kev sib txuas ntau hom ntaub ntawv rau hauv ib lub davhlau recorder. Ob qho kev hais lus thiab cov khoom siv parametric muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lub sijhawm.

Parametric recorders tuaj yeem sau ntau dua 2000 cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis tsuas yog siv li 500 ntawm lawv xwb. Qhov kev txwv ntawm tus lej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw yog vim qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis siv rau kev tshawb nrhiav.kev puas tsuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom no yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub dav hlau thiab cov pov thawj lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo.

Lub suab kaw cov lus sib tham ntawm cov neeg coob hauv lub sijhawm. Siv los txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm tib neeg qhov xwm txheej hauv huab cua sib tsoo, nrog rau txhawm rau txhim kho thiab ntsuas kev txawj ntse.

Nrhiav cov kaw lus tom qab lub dav hlau poob

Cov kaw lus tau nruab nrog cov beacons tshwj xeeb raws li ultrasonic nthwv dej, uas tau qhib thaum muaj kev phom sij (piv txwv li, thaum sib cuag nrog dej). Lub teeb liab zaus yog 37.5 kHz. Yog hais tias qhov kev sib tsoo tshwm sim deb ntawm lub cev dej, nrhiav lub kaw lus tsis yooj yim.

davhlau recorder device
davhlau recorder device

Cov xim ci ntsa iab pom pom tseeb rau tom qab ntawm lub pob tawg. Kev Coj Cov Kev Tawm Tsam Muaj Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Tsis Txhuam Kom Tsis Txhuam Pob lossis Lub Tog Raj Kheej ntawm Lub Recorder hauv kev txheeb ze, tab sis kuj yuav decrypt cov ntaub ntawv.

Nws puas tuaj yeem rov qab kho tus neeg sau npe thaum muaj kev tawg?

Raws li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov huab cua sib tsoo ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub davhlau recorder vaj tse, uas ua rau poob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab ntev tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chaw sim los kho qhov puas ntawm cov khoom kaw cia.

qhov chaw ntawm lub davhlau recorders nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau
qhov chaw ntawm lub davhlau recorders nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau

Txoj kev yog ua raws li kev siv cov nplaum los yog siv cov nplaum. Qee zaum kho kev pab thiab cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem rov qab los.

Kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis

Inventiontau tshwm sim ntau dua 50 xyoo dhau los. Puas muaj ib qho analogues tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm no uas tuaj yeem hloov lub davhlau recorders? Tsis yog, kom deb li deb qhov no yog txoj kev txhim khu kev qha tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv los kho cov yam ntxwv tsim nyog ntawm lub dav hlau. Cov txheej txheem sau npe sib cais tau raug tsim, tab sis cov ntsiab lus dav dav tseem zoo ib yam.

Cov cuab yeej nco tau raug txhim kho, cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm hluav taws xob tau tsim. Nws tau npaj los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab kaw ntawm ib tus neeg hauv lub dav hlau, uas yuav tso cai rau kom ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej thiab ntsuas qhov tshwm sim.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom txiav txim siab txog kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntab. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nruab cov cuab yeej nrog cov sensors uas yuav tuaj yeem sau cov kev sib tsoo ntawm lub dav hlau nrog kev cuam tshuam. Cov teeb liab tau txais kev ntxhov siab yuav tso lub tshuab tawm ntawm qhov chaw txaus ntshai.

Ib lub tswv yim nthuav yog tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg hauv online rau lub chaw ua haujlwm nyob deb. Qhov no yuav txo tau lub sij hawm decryption, tso cai rau koj teb sai dua rau cov xwm txheej kub ntxhov thiab muaj kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub sijhawm.

Davhlau recorders yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws inventions ntawm post-war technology. Cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm recorders ntawm lub dav hlau puas lawm pab kawm txog lub ntsiab mechanisms ntawm kev huam yuaj thiab txo qhov feem pua ntawm cov xwm txheej. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lub dav hlau, lub davhlau recorder tuaj yeem lees paub qhov kev kwv yees ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb forensic txog kev tawm tsam lossis kev ua tub rog hauv huab cua.

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