Volcanic tuffs: khoom, daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Kev siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog dab tsi? Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, qhov no yog ib qho kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim uas ua rau nws nyuaj thiab qee zaum ua rau tuag tes tuag taw lub neej nyob ze. Tab sis txij li thaum cov phenomena yog inevitable, ib tug yuav nrhiav tau ib co txiaj ntsim nyob rau hauv lawv - volcanic tuffs tshwm sim. Daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom no yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau vim nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Yam twg?

Tuffs: lub cev muaj zog

Yog cov khoom ntawm hluav taws kub tawg, lawv tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam sib xyaw. Qhov ceev kuj txawv, uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov khoom no rau qee lub hom phiaj. Txawm nyob ze ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus, volcanic tuffs tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv, nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tawg thiab hom pob zeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, ib txwm muaj qee yam uas txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv no muaj sib xws: porosity. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias volcanic pob zeb yog ib tug sintered me me fragments thiab seem ntawm tshauv thiab xuab zeb. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj amazing dej thiab Frost tsis kam, nrog rau lightness. Raws li txoj cai, tuff kuj tseem mos, txawm tias qhov no twb nyob ntawm cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua cov pob zeb no yam tsis muaj kev siv cov cuab yeej nyuaj - tsuas yog nrog kev pab ntawmsaws thiab axes. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, volcanic tuffs tsis inferior nyob rau hauv lub zog, piv txwv li, rau granite. Zoo, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tag nrho cov khoom, lawv txawm tshaj lawv nyob rau hauv ib co txoj kev.

Lub npe los ntawm Latin tofus - qhov no yog li cas txhua hom tsiaj ntawm cov keeb kwm zoo sib xws tau hu ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm tam sim no Southern Ltalis. Thiab txog niaj hnub no, thaj chaw no yog ib qho ntawm cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv roob hluav taws.

Composition

Raws li txoj cai, tuffs nrog rau qhov tawm ntawm qhov nruab nrab lossis acidic kuj viscous lavas. Cov dej hauv paus tsim pob zeb ntau dua thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv qab dej. Lawv decompose rau av nplaum yooj yim heev.

Vim tias cov pob zeb sib txawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov tawg, cov khoom kawg tuaj yeem sib txawv hauv cov khoom sib txawv: muaj ntau dua bas alt, liparite, trachyte, andesite thiab lwm yam.

Ntau yam

Nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li qhov chaw thiab hom pob zeb, cov khoom ntawm volcanic tuff tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qhov no qhia tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nws qhov loj thiab ntom, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov xim.

Feem ntau, cov xim ntawm cov khoom no muaj ntau haiv neeg: nyob rau hauv cov xwm, tej zaum, tag nrho cov ntxoov yog pom - los ntawm dawb thiab milky mus rau ntsuab, tsaus xim av, grey thiab dub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kawg yog qhov tsawg heev.

-Tuff tsis yog ib txwm txawv los ntawm kev ceev qis thiab muag muag - nrog lub sijhawm ntev los hloov nws cov porosity thiab yog sib piv hauv cov khoom txawm tias obsidian.

Nyiaj

Kab tias ntau yam nto moo tshaj plaws yog tuff, uas yog mined ze lub nroog Artik hauv Armenia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub fact tias lub loj tshaj plaws deposit nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau ntawd, lub pob zeb los ntawm muaj yog zoo recognizable vim cov yam ntxwv xim liab-liab. Cov deposits hauv zos tsuas yog loj - ib txheej ntawm 6-7 meters yog muab zais tom qab tsuas yog ob peb centimeters ntawm av. Muaj lwm qhov chaw ntawm pob zeb hauv Armenia - Ani, qhov chaw daj-txiv kab ntxwv yog mined.

Tseem tseem muaj cov chaw tshawb nrhiav tseem ceeb nyob ze Naples thiab Rome, hauv Iceland, African koom pheej ntawm Cape Verde. Tsawg dua deposits nyob rau hauv Kabardino-Balkaria thiab Kamchatka nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, nyob rau hauv Georgia, Iran, New Zealand, Azerbaijan, lub teb chaws Yelemees, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub nto moo Yellowstone Park nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Lub pob zeb tseem ceeb exporter nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog Qaib Cov Txwv, uas kuj muaj ib co natural resources.

Kev ua haujlwm thiab daim ntawv thov

Raws li twb tau hais lawm, feem ntau, volcanic tuffs qiv lawv tus kheej zoo kawg nkaus rau kev txiav. Cov cuab yeej no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov khoom siv no txawm tias ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej nyuaj. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no tau tso cai siv cov tuffs rau kev tsim vaj tsev. Zoo heev suab thiab rwb thaiv tsev kub ua rau cov khoom no indispensable rau vaj tse. Txawm tias cov tuff tiav txhim kho qhov xwm txheej zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim nws zoo heev rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyuaj hom tuff kuj yog av qeeg resistant. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Ltalis thiab hauv Armenia, thiab tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pomtag nrho cov nroog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no. Qee lub tsev ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tseem tsis tau hloov pauv rau ntau centuries, tsis tu ncua muaj qhov kub thiab txias hloov. Yog li tuff kuj tuaj yeem hu ua hnav-tiv taus.

Lwm siv yog ntxiv hmoov rau ntau lub hom phiaj sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, qee hom yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov qauv hauv qab dej. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb yog tias yuav tsum tau raug rau cov dej hiav txwv, uas cov pob zeb hluav taws kub no tiv thaiv zoo kawg nkaus, yog li ua kom cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas nws ntxiv.

Lwm hom pob zeb raws li cov khoom ntxiv txo qis qhov kub ntawm cov pob zeb, yog li tiv thaiv kev tawg. Feem ntau, volcanic tuffs kuj tau siv los muab cov duab puab. Piv txwv li, cov mlom nto moo ntawm Easter Island - Moai - yog carved los ntawm cov khoom no. Rau qhov tsawg dua, cov txiv ntoo tau siv los ua cov khoom me me.

Tib lub sijhawm, hom pob zeb no kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau qee lub hom phiaj - nws tsis tuaj yeem polished lossis tsawg kawg muab qhov zoo nkauj. Nrog rau txhua yam kev ua tiav, nws tseem yog pob zeb ntxhib, uas, txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum kuj tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua.

Tab sis

Zoo tias tsuas yog xwm txheej tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom zoo li no. Thiab ntev dhau los nws tau ntseeg tias qhov no yog qhov xwm txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, tib neeg tau kawm kom tau txaisib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm volcanoes. Artificial, los yog hypertufa, yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm xuab zeb, cement thiab peat. Rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj, dyes feem ntau kuj ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov txiv neej tsim tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam tshaj qhov sib npaug ntawm ntuj, thiab kev tsim toj roob hauv pes tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm ob peb thaj chaw ntawm nws daim ntawv thov.