Bolshevik Island: qhov chaw, piav qhia, keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Lub Severnaya Zemlya archipelago nyob hauv hiav txwv Arctic. Nws muaj plaub lub Islands tuaj loj thiab ntau lub me me. Kab lus piav qhia txog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws kob ntawm lub archipelago - Bolshevik. Nws yog sab qab teb ntawm Severnaya Zemlya, ntxuav los ntawm ob lub hiav txwv ib zaug - Kara thiab Laptev. Nws tau muab cais tawm ntawm thaj av loj los ntawm Vilkitsky Strait, thiab los ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Revolution Island los ntawm Shokalsky Strait.

Geographic data

Bolshevik Island muaj thaj tsam ntawm 11 txhiab 312 square meters. kilometers, uas yog yuav luag ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov archipelago. Nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 935 meters. Qhov kev nyem ntawm cov kob feem ntau yog tiaj tus nrog me me toj, qee zaum tig mus rau toj.

Kev sib koom ntawm thaj chaw no: 78 degrees 36 feeb sab qaum teb latitude thiab 102 degrees 55 feeb sab hnub tuaj longitude. Tam sim no koj paub tseeb tias Bolshevik Island nyob qhov twg.

Nws ntug hiav txwv yog hnyav heev, muaj ntau lub bays. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog Akhmatova Bay,uas txiav rau hauv av yuav luag 60 km. Telman Fjord thiab Mikoyan Bay kuj nkag mus tob rau sab hauv ntawm cov kob. Muaj ntau bays raws ntug hiav txwv dej - Zhuravleva, Solnechnaya thiab lwm yam.

Bolshevik Island boasts ntau tus dej ntws - Studenaya, Kamenka, Golysheva, Obryvata thiab lwm yam, tab sis muaj ob peb lub pas dej ntawm no thiab lawv tag nrho cov nruab nrab.

Climatic tej yam kev mob

Kev nyab xeeb ntawm no yog arctic maritime. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub nyob ntawm -14 … -16 ° C rau ntau xyoo, thaum lub caij ntuj no nws tuaj yeem poob mus rau -40 ° C, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov nws tsis tshua muaj siab tshaj + 5 ° C. Muaj nag lossis daus me me - txog li 400 hli hauv ib xyoos, feem ntau los ntawm Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Yim Hli. Txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov av thaws tsuas yog nyob rau saum npoo, me ntsis ntxaum (ntawm theem 12-15 centimeters) hauv av tau khi los ntawm permafrost. Thaj chaw yog tshaj 3 txhiab square meters. kilometers (30% ntawm tag nrho cov kob) yog npog los ntawm glaciers uas yeej tsis yaj. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv txawm muaj npe - Leningradsky, Kropotkin, Mushketov.

Muab qhov ntsuas kub tsawg, nquag cua hnyav thiab lwm yam kev mob tshwm sim, nws paub meej tias vim li cas Bolshevik Island tsis muaj neeg nyob. Huab cua ntawm no yog qhov phem tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo.

Flora thiab fauna

Txawm hais tias huab cua hnyav heev, Bolshevik Island tseem nyob. Ntau tus noog zes saum toj. Cov no feem ntau yog herring thiab liab gulls, guillemots, hom kittiwakes, burgomasters, nrog rau cov hom tsis tshua muaj xws li peregrine falcon, diav rawg-tailed thiab dawb.seagulls.

Walrus thiab foob rookeries tau teeb tsa ntawm cov kob. Qee zaum, reindeer, lemmings, hma thiab arctic hma tuaj yeem pom. Tab sis tus tswv ntawm cov kob no, zoo li tag nrho cov archipelago, yog ib tug polar dais. Excavations tau qhia tias mammoths nyob ntawm no txog 25 txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb biologists, kwv yees li 65 hom nroj tsuag loj hlob ntawm Bolshevik, uas yog, cov kob muaj cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj. Mosses thiab lichens muaj sia nyob ntawm no, npog pob zeb nrog yuav luag tas mus li npog, nrog rau cov paj noob hlis polar. Flowering nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj - polar poppy, cinquefoil, soddy saxifrage, snow saxifrage, loj-fruited minuartia, shortened bluegrass, drooping saxifrage, tangled saxifrage thiab ib co lwm hom. Los ntawm cereals ntawm cov kob, grey pike thiab alpine foxtail loj hlob.

Tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag hauv zos yog qhov muaj zog sparseness ntawm cov nroj tsuag npog, lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog lub pob zeb thiab graveliness rau lub tiaj thiab toj siab ntawm cov kob, uas tau piav nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Neeg me me Islands tuaj

Nyob rau hauv ib lub vojvoog ntawm ob peb kilometers ntawm Bolshevik nyob ntau tshaj 20 me me Islands tuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog hu ua Superfluous. Tus so - Tsawg, Tsis nco qab, Kev Ua Si, Npuag, Ntse, Kaw, Marine thiab ob peb ntxiv - muaj thaj chaw me me. Tag nrho cov no koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho toj roob hauv pes pob zeb, cov huab cua hnyav hnyav, cov tsiaj tsis zoo thiab cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj.

Yuav ua li cas Bolshevik Island tau tshawb nrhiav

Kev tshuaj xyuas cov neeg tshawb nrhiav polar txog thaj av no tsis zoo. Lawv yog cov accustomed mus rau nyuajCov xwm txheej ntawm lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm, tab sis cov kob no ua rau muaj kev poob siab rau txhua tus nrog nws cov toj roob hauv pes tsis zoo, lub ntuj tsaus nti, ua rau nthwv dej ntaus tawm tsam ntug dej nrog quab yuam.

keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov kob, nrog rau tag nrho Severnaya Zemlya, yog nplooj ntawv ci ntsa iab uas muaj qhov tseeb ntawm tus phab ej hauv tag nrho cov kev tshawb pom ntawm thaj chaw. Cov neeg nrhiav pom ntawm cov kob yog cov tswv cuab ntawm hydrographic ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm BA Vilkitsky, uas yog thawj zaug tuaj txog ntawm Bolshevik hauv 1913. Txoj kev tshawb fawb kom ntxaws tshaj plaws thiab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm thaj av no tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1930-1932 thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm ntawm North. Nws cov tswv cuab yog kws tshawb fawb Urvantsev N. N., Khodov V. V., Ushakov G. A. thiab Zhuravlev S. P.

Nyob rau xyoo 1979-1983 tau pom cov chaw kub nyob hauv thaj av no. Nyob rau hauv 1992, ib tug ecological ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm tsib tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus xyuas Bolshevik Island, uas nws lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog los txiav txim siab theem ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab paug nyob rau hauv Severnaya Zemlya.

Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau ornithology tau tshwm sim xyoo 1992, thaum lub kaus ntxhw gull raug ntes thiab muab khi rau ntawm cov kob kom kawm ntxiv txog hom no.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 3 lub chaw nres tsheb hauv cov kob - 1 kev khiav haujlwm ("Cape Baranova") thiab 2 kaw ("Solnechnaya" thiab "Sandy").