Ib qho chaw cia yog thaj chaw ntuj lossis thaj chaw dej, uas yog txhais los ntawm kev txiav txim siab lossis kev tswj hwm ntawm qib kev cai lij choj raws li muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tiv thaiv. Ua li no, nws yuav tsum muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis nws yuav tsum nyob hauv cov tsiaj txhu, ntses thiab noog. Thiab kuj tus nqi yuav nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov, untouched forests, dej ntws thiab roob. Muaj ib tug zoo kawg li reserves thiab lub teb chaws chaw ua si nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis tsuas yog ib tug ob peb paub tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Vim li cas cov reserves no muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws?
Reserves hauv Russia thiab ntiaj teb
Tom qab cov ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw tau cim rau ntawm nws thaj chaw, koj tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau nws xwb. Lawv feem ntau txuas nrog qee yam kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum, raws li lawv tsim ib lub hauv paus zoo rau kev kawm thiab tshawb pom. Tab sis lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog khaws cia, tsis yog tshawb nrhiav. Zoologists, botanists, ornithologists yuav tsum tau tuav lub cia nyob rau hauv nws thawj daim ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nrog kev pab los ntawm kev kawm txuj ci, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pab txhawb kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov tsiaj nyob thiab cov nroj tsuag hauv nws.
Lub koom haum ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv suav nrog: tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw khaws cia, chav haujlwm tiv thaiv, chav haujlwm tshawb fawb, chav haujlwm ecologicalkev kawm, department ntawm accounting thiab qhia thiab department ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau lub ntsiab kev ua ub no. Raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Nyob rau Fauna" xyoo 1995, nyob rau hauv qhov mob ntawm kev txhaum cai, nws yog txwv tsis pub mus yos hav zoov, coj tsiaj nrog koj los yog sau cov paj ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov reserves. Qhov no yog saib xyuas nruj heev los ntawm Lub Xeev Tus Neeg Saib Xyuas tau muab rau lawv txhua tus.
Muaj ntau lub tebchaws nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, tus lej tseeb yog 112. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej tshwj xeeb thiab kev nplua nuj, tab sis qee qhov tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab no yog cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm cuaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Russia: qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws.
Lo lus "reserve" yog tshwj xeeb rau Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub CIS, thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no lawv hu ua reservation. Ntxiv nrog rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, muaj cov tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws thiab lawv txoj haujlwm zoo ib yam, tab sis kev mus saib xyuas tsoomfwv rau cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws yog dawb dua, ntxiv rau, kev lag luam ncig tebchaws hauv qhov kev taw qhia no tau txhim kho sai.
Barguzinsky
Thiab qhib cov npe ntawm cov chaw khaws cia hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov qub tshaj plaws, uas tau tsim ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, Lub Ib Hlis 11, 1917. Txij li thaum xyoo 1996, nws tau ua ib feem ntawm UNESCO World Natural Heritage site "Lake Baikal". Txij li thaum xyoo 1997, hnub ntawm nws lub hauv paus tau suav hais tias yog hnub ntawm kev khaws cia thiab cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws Russia.
Lub biosphere cia nyob hauv Buryatia. Nws yog Ameslikas tsim los ua ib qho chaw khaws cov naj npawb ntawm sables thiab thaum lub sij hawm xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus nws hu ua "Barguzinsky sable reserve". Xyoo 1917, tsuas muaj 20 lub rooj sib txoos xwb.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm 374,322 hectares muaj 19 tus dej, 6 capes, 5 bays thiab 2 pas dej. Muaj cov ntses suav tsis txheeb hauv cov dej thiab cov pas dej, thiab 41 hom tsiaj nyob hauv hav zoov thiab raws ntug dej hiav txwv. Cov cheeb tsam suav nrog ib feem ntawm thaj chaw dej ntawm Lake Baikal thiab thaj chaw sab hnub poob ntawm Barguzinsky Range. Qhov kev txaus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ciam teb, tau kawg, yog tias nws yog ib feem ntawm Lake Baikal.
Astrakhan
Lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1919, Astrakhan University nrhiav tau lwm lub biosphere cia. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qis qis ntawm tus dej loj tshaj plaws delta hauv Europe - Volga thiab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Caspian.
Nws qhov nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb yog noog. 40 hom noog tsawg, ntau yam uas tau teev tseg hauv Phau Ntawv Liab International, zes hauv nws cov hav zoov thiab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 280 hom noog, 60 hom ntses thiab 17 hom tsiaj tsiaj nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 67,917 hectares.
Ilmenskiy
Nyob rau hauv qhov zoo li muaj kev lag luam Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thib peb hauv tebchaws Russia - Ilmensky. Rau Urals, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub Ural ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws tau tsim nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 14, 1920 ua tsaug rau V. I. Lenin. Raws li ib tug tshwj xeeb tus nqi ntawm lub reserve, tus thawj coj ntawm lub proletariat sau tseg lub Ilmensky roob, uas, ua ke nrog cov fauna thiab flora nyob rau ntawd, nws bequeathed khaws cia nyob rau hauv lawv cov thawj daim ntawv.
Txog hnub no, tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv no yog nyob rau hauv cov qauv geological tshwj xeeb thiab cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv ib-ntawm-ib-zoo pegmat leeg, ib tug kuj nrhiav tautau txais ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqis thiab semi-precious, nrog rau cov zaub mov. 16 cov zaub mov tau pom nyob rau hauv Ilmensky Reserve, ob lub npe hu ua nws - ilmenite thiab ilmenorutil.
Flora feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm ntoo thuv thiab birch hav zoov, tab sis tag nrho, 1200 hom nroj tsuag loj hlob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 30,380 hectares, suav nrog 50 relict ones. Lub fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm 173 hom noog, 57 hom tsiaj thiab 29 hom noog.
Voronezh
31053 hectares ntawm biosphere cia nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm ob thaj tsam ntawm Russia ib zaug - Voronezh thiab Lipetsk. Nws tau tsim nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1923 los ntawm tsab cai ntawm Voronezh Gubernia Land Department ntawm Gubernia Executive Committee ua "State Beaver Hunting Reserve". Thiab nyob rau hauv nws, thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug beaver chaw zov me nyuam tau tsim, lub hom phiaj ntawm uas yog los kawm no cov nas tshwj xeeb, thiab nce nws cov pejxeem.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej, lub ciam teb tau nthuav tsis yog vim yog beavers. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nyiam los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshwj xeeb ntawm Usmansky ntoo thuv hav zoov, nrog rau cov kab mob cab uas nyob ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Voronezh Reserve, tag nrho cov chaw kuaj kab mob parasitology txawm tsim. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 217 hom noog thiab 60 hom tsiaj nyob hauv nws thaj chaw. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej ntawm tus dej Voronezh muaj 39 hom ntses thiab 12 hom amphibians.
Caucasian
Nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus, hauv thaj chaw ntawm Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia thiab Krasnodar Territory, Caucasian Reserve muaj npe tom qab Kh G. Shaposhnikov nyob. Lub Tsib Hlis 12, 1924 tau tsim los ua "Caucasian bison reserve". Cim nyob rau hauv uas nws sawv cev rau xwmob qho tib si temperate thiab subtropical climatic zones.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw, 177,300 hectares tawm ntawm tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm 280 txhiab hectares, nyob hauv thaj chaw Krasnodar thiab cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam Sochi mus txog rau ciam teb nrog Abkhazia. Nws yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws biosphere reserves nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsuas yog yew-boxwood grove ntawm Khostinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sochi occupies 300 hectares. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom yew txiv hmab txiv ntoo txog li 2500 xyoo. Tsis muaj cov analogues rau kev lom zem ntau haiv neeg hauv Russia. Cov flora thiab fauna ntawm lub cia yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nram qab no tus naj npawb ntawm inhabitants:
- 10 txhiab hom kab;
- ntau tshaj 3 txhiab hom nroj tsuag;
- txog 2 txhiab hom nceb;
- 248 noog;
- 100 hom ntses;
- 89 hom tsiaj;
- 31 hom ntses thiab amphibians;
- 25 hom kab mob vertebrates teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab;
- 15 hom tsiaj reptiles.
suav tsis txheeb cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm txog cov tsiaj uas sawv cev ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw no, cov tshiab tseem tab tom nrhiav.
Galichya Gora
Nyob rau thaj tsam Lipetsk ntawm ciam teb nrog Ukraine yog ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb qhov tsawg tshaj plaws thaj chaw khaws cia hauv Russia. Tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cheeb tsam. Xws li tus nqi ntawm cov nroj tsuag relict ib square meter yog qhov nyuaj nrhiav tau nyob qhov twg los ntawm cov 4963 hectares ntawm av. Lub chaw khaws cia tau tsim nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 25, 1925, muab faib ua rau feem, tracts lossis pawg:
- Morozova Gora yog pawg loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw (100 hectares), 609 hom nroj tsuag loj hlob rau nws, ntau yamrelic, muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej thiab chaw zov me nyuam ntawm cov noog ntawm prey, nyob rau sab laug ntug dej ntawm lub Don.
- Plushan yog lub hav zoo li lub hav uas nyob rau sab xis ntawm tus Don, nrog rau tus dej Plushchanka ntws nrog cov dej ntshiab ntshiab.
- Vorgolsky pob zeb - pawg nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov thiab, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua ob seem: "Voronov Pob zeb" thiab "Vorgolskoye", uas 457 hom nroj tsuag loj hlob, nrog rau relict hom ntawm ferns, txawv txawv rau txoj kab no.
- Bykov lub caj dab yog ib lub voj voog zoo ib yam uas ib zaug mus ncig ntawm Dej Lubna Dej, tam sim no 30 hom relict thiab lwm 620 hom ntawm lwm hom nroj tsuag siab dua loj hlob muaj.
- Galichya Roob - qhov chaw no feem ntau nyob rau sab xis ntawm Don, muaj ntau qhov chaw, qhov tsua txawv txawv ua los ntawm Devonian limestone.
- Vorov pob zeb - nyob rau hauv lub kwj dej thiab muaj ntau lub dab dej thiab cov crevices npog nrog Devonian limestone, qhov chaw txaus nyiam rau cov kws tshawb fawb nrog cov manholes thiab qhov tsua.
Ib lub tsev qiv ntawv, 4 lub chaw soj nstuam, lub chaw soj nstuam huab cua, lub chaw haujlwm tshawb fawb, uas ntiav cuaj tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tib tus lej ntawm cov kws pab kuaj mob, tau qhib los ntawm kev cia. Ua tsaug rau qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tsawg tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb, ntau qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm biology thiab ecology tau ua.
Pillars
Qhov kev cia no tau tsim nyob rau lub Rau Hli 30, 1925 ua tsaug rau lub zog thiab kev ntshaw ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw Krasnoyarsk lawv tus kheej. Nws tau txais nws lub npe vim muaj coob tus ntawm txawv txawv columnar boulders. Ntau tshaj 1 txhiab hom loj hlob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 47154 hectarescov nroj tsuag, 260 uas yog moss.
Ntau dua 90% ntawm thaj chaw tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau pej xeem, yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau kaw ntawm txhua qhov chaw khaws cia thiab chaw ua si hauv Russia. Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, nws yog tus uas tau ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv zej zog xws li kev txav ntawm pob zeb nce toj thiab cov neeg nce toj "stolbizm". Lub zog muaj nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem pob zeb, subculture thiab keeb kwm, thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog nrhiav txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab nce hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj thiab tsis raug cai.
YZhigulevskiy
Ntawm qhov khoov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tus dej Volga hauv cheeb tsam Samara yog Zhiguli Nature Reserve. Founded thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, 1927 los ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm Middle Volga Reserve.
Nws muaj thaj tsam ntawm 23157 hectares, nyob rau hauv thaj chaw huab cua huab cua sov. Yuav luag tag nrho nws yog npog nrog cov hav zoov ntom ntom, uas muaj 832 hom nroj tsuag loj hlob, ntau yam uas muaj kev puas tsuaj, thiab ntau tsob ntoo deciduous nyob rau hauv nws yog lub me-leaved linden.
Laplandish
Lub biosphere no nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws hauv thaj av Murmansk thiab tau tsim muaj thaum Lub Ib Hlis 17, 1930. Ntxiv rau qhov yog ib qho ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws, nws tseem yog ib qho loj tshaj plaws, zoo li ntau thaj chaw sab qaum teb hauv Russia, nws thaj tsam tag nrho yog 278,435 hectares. Xws li cov dej ntws ntawm ob lub hiav txwv ntawm Dawb thiab Barents Seas thiab lub roob Chunatundra.
Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws khaws cia rau sab qaum teb fauna thiab nws cov neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws - cov tsiaj qus reindeer hauv nws daim ntawv qub, nrog rau 30 ntau hom tsiaj, txawm tiascov uas nyob hauv North America teb chaws. Nws nyob ntawm no tias tus beaver yog thawj coj los ntawm Asmeskas rau acclimatization thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nws coj hauv paus tsis zoo nyob rau ntawd, tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog tam sim no heev heev. Nws kuj yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv fauna: txog 1 txhiab hom mosses thiab lichens, txog 300 hom fungi thiab txog 600 hom ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag.
