Lub peev tooj liab ntawm Middle Urals, raws li Upper Pyshminians qee zaum hu lawv lub nroog, yog ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Ua tsaug rau kev ua tiav ntawm lub nroog tsim kev lag luam - Ural Mining thiab Metallurgical tuam txhab - Verkhnyaya Pyshma yog kev ntseeg siab saib mus rau yav tom ntej.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Ib lub nroog me me ntawm Yekaterinburg hauv thaj av Sverdlovsk tau xyaum ua ke nrog cov thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ob lub nroog yog kwv yees li 14 km. Nws nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw mos ntawm Middle Urals, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus dej Pyshma.
Verkhnyaya Pyshma muaj kev tsim engineering thiab kev sib raug zoo thiab kev lag luam. Cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb yog metallurgical, mechanical engineering thiab metalworking.
Kev txhim kho thaj chaw
Hnub pib ntawm kev sib hais haum yog suav tias yog 1701. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj, thawj cov neeg nyob hauv lub zos Pyshma yog cov kws qhia thiab cov miners. Ntawm lawv muaj ntau tus Neeg Ntseeg qub uas tau khiav tawm ntawm kev tsim txom los ntawm cov xeev hauv nruab nrab. Peb ua thawj zaug nres hauv lub zos no.tawm cov neeg taug kev raws txoj kev Great Verkhoturskaya los ntawm Yekaterinburg mus rau Verkhoturye, hla Nevyansk thiab Nizhny Tagil. Ntawm no lawv noj lossis hloov nees ua ntej taug kev ntev. Rau cov neeg taug kev los ntawm sab qaum teb, qhov no yog qhov kawg nres ua ntej lub ntiaj teb kev vam meej.
Qhov kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhim kho thaj av yog txoj cai ntawm Senate ntawm 1812, tso cai rau txhua tus pej xeem Lavxias mus nrhiav thiab tsim cov nyiaj thiab kub mines nrog them se rau lub txhab nyiaj. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1814, thawj cov nyiaj kub tau pom nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus dej Pyshma.
Thawj Kev Txiav Txim
Los ntawm 1823, ob qhov chaw kub tau pom nyob rau thaj chaw hauv nroog, thawj zaug hauv Urals. Kev txhim kho teb tau pib. Nyob rau hauv 1854, ua hauj lwm pib nyob rau hauv thawj mine - Ioanno-Bogoslovskaya los yog Ivanovskaya. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, tag nrho cov hauj lwm yog ua los ntawm tes, lub drifts nyob rau hauv mines tau illuminated nrog siab tswm ciab. Hnub ua hauj lwm kav 12-14 teev.
Nyob rau tib lub xyoo (Lub Plaub Hlis 3, 1854) ib daim ntawv thov raug xa mus rau Ural Mining Board rau kev nrhiav pom ntawm Pyshminsko-Klyuchevskoye deposit. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, ore mining pib, ob xyoos tom qab ib tug me me tooj liab smelter tau tsim thiab tooj liab smelting pib. 306 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev rho tawm thiab thauj cov ore, suav nrog 171 tus neeg ua haujlwm pej xeem thiab 135 tus neeg ua haujlwm. Cov pej xeem ntawm Verkhnyaya Pyshma tau rov ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntawd los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm paub txog los ntawm tsob ntoo Utka.
Maj mam, tsis deb ntawm qhov chaw rho tawm, kev sib hais haum pib loj hlob, uas yog hu ua "Pyshminsko-Klyuchevskoy tooj liab Mine" lossis yooj yim."Mov tooj liab". Barracks thiab tsev pheeb suab rau cov miners thiab lumberjacks tau tsim, uas tau nthuav tawm mus rau thawj txoj kev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev sib hais haum. Nws tau hu ua Pyshminskaya, tam sim no hu ua txoj kev. Syromolotova F. F. Vim yog qhov dej nyab tas li ntawm cov mines nrog cov dej hauv av thiab cov nqi ntau lawm, cov mine ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua. Xyoo 1875, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov tso nyiaj tau raug kaw, tsuas yog qee zaus rov pib dua kub mining.
Ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, cov tooj liab smelter tau pib dua; los ntawm 1907, 6 ncej thiab ob lub qhov cub tawg tau ua haujlwm lawm. Txog lub sijhawm no, 700 tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev khawb thiab smelting ntawm tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv 1910, lub industrialist Yakovlev yuav lub Hoobkas los ntawm Countess Stenbock-Fermor. Xyoo 1916, kev tsim khoom tau tsim kho dua tshiab, lub qhov cub hluav taws xob ntxiv tau tsim rau cov khoom siv ua tiav thiab cov tooj liab ore uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 100 tons hauv ib hnub. Hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm xyoo 1917, lub tshuab boiler tau tawg ntawm lub mine. Lub mine raug puas tsuaj, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov mining thiab smelting ntawm tooj liab raug tso tseg.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv zej zog, cov pej xeem ntawm Verkhnyaya Pyshma tsim kev tawm tsam ntawm 200 tus neeg tua rog uas tau tawm tsam ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, cov nroj tsuag tau rov qab los, thiab nws ua hauj lwm rau ob xyoos ntxiv (1924-1926), ib lub khw muag khoom rau kev ua cov ore thiab lwm cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab cov tooj liab pib.
Nyob rau xyoo 1929, kev ua haujlwm tau pib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Pyshminsky tooj liab electrolytic cog, ob xyoos tom qab tsim cov nroj tsuag ntxiv, thiab xyoo 1934 thawj anode tooj liab tau smelted. ATTam sim no nws yog OAO "Uralelektromed" - lub tuam txhab ua lag luam ntawm Ural Mining thiab Metallurgical Company. Nyob rau hauv 1938, lub "Copper Mine" tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kev sib hais haum thiab lub npe Pyshma. Raws li tag nrho-Union census xyoo 1939, cov pejxeem tau mus txog 12,976 tus neeg.
xeev tam sim no
Xyoo 1946, Pyshma tau los ua lub nroog Verkhnyaya Pyshma. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab tsov rog, cov khoom siv rov qab thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov lag luam ntawm cov tooj liab-smelting kev lag luam txuas ntxiv mus. Cov pej xeem ntawm Verkhnyaya Pyshma xyoo 1959 mus txog 30,331 tus neeg. Lub nroog txuas ntxiv txhim kho, cov khoom siv dej thiab cov roj av tau teeb tsa. Cov tsev kawm ntawv tshiab thiab tsev kho mob tau qhib. Cov nroj tsuag tshiab tau tsim, suav nrog Ural Plant of Chemical Reagents. Nyob rau hauv 1979, cov pejxeem ntawm Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam, mus txog 42,698 inhabitants. Thaum kawg ntawm kev suav pej xeem Soviet xyoo 1989, 53,102 tus pej xeem raug suav. Nyob rau hauv lub post-Soviet lub sij hawm, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam txuas ntxiv, cov lag luam tshiab tau tsim, nrog rau cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom siv hlau tsis-ferrous. Cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog Verkhnyaya Pyshma xyoo 2017 yog 69,117 tus neeg.
