Alexander Ivanovich (lub npe nruab nrab Isaakievich) Solzhenitsyn yog tus kws sau ntawv, sau paj huam, sau ntawv, ua yeeb yam, pej xeem cov duab thiab ua nom ua tswv. Thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej nws ua haujlwm hauv USSR, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Switzerland thiab Russia. Alexander Solzhenitsyn nquag tawm tsam cov cai ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab Soviet tsoom fwv. Nws yog ib tug dissident. Nws tej hauj lwm raug txwv nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union ntev. Xyoo 1970, tus kws sau ntawv tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel. Hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia txog nws txoj sia thiab kev tuag thiab nrhiav seb qhov twg Solzhenitsyn raug faus.
Hnub kawg ntawm tus txiv neej zoo
Alexander Ivanovich Solzhenitsyn tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog cuaj caum hauv nroog Moscow. Txog thaum nws teev dhau los, nws tseem ua haujlwm txawm tias nws mob. Nrog kev pab ntawm nws tus poj niam, nws ua hauj lwm rau ib tug sau ua hauj lwm, uas muaj peb caug ntim.
Ua ntej nws tuag, Alexander Ivanovich tau kho cov tshooj ntawm keeb kwm lub voj voog hu ua "Lub Log Liab". Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, tsuas yog thawj phau ntawv tau npaj txhij, tus kws sau ntawv tau ntshai heev tias nws yuav tsis muaj sijhawm los ua kom tiavkoj txoj haujlwm.
Tus sau yog, raws li cov txheeb ze, ib tus neeg tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua rau tus kheej xav tsis thoob. Alexander Ivanovich muaj peev xwm pom thiab lees nws qhov yuam kev. Vim li no, nws thiaj suav tias Lub Log Liab tsis nkag siab rau cov neeg nyeem, thiab yog li ntawd nws tau kho thiab hloov nws ntau zaus.
Hard way of life
Alexander Solzhenitsyn yug rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, 1918 - ib xyoos tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Nws yog haiv neeg Kislovodsk. Leej txiv tuag mus yos hav zoov ob peb hlis ua ntej tus tub yug los. Sasha tau coj los ntawm nws niam Taisiya Zakharovna.
Txij thaum menyuam yaus, Sasha txawv ntawm nws cov phooj ywg hauv nws txoj haujlwm hauv lub neej. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws yog lub era ntawm atheism, tus me nyuam tub tau ua kev cai raus dej nyob rau hauv Kislovodsk Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya, Sasha Solzhenitsyn thiab nws niam tsiv mus rau Rostov-on-Don. Lawv nyob tsis tau zoo.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem pib, Alexander feem ntau tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm vim hnav khaub ncaws thiab mus rau hauv tsev teev ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, qhov laj thawj ntawm kev thuam yog qhov tsis kam koom nrog cov tho kev. Nyob rau hauv 1936, nyob rau hauv lub siab, nws raug yuam kom mus koom lub ranks ntawm lub Komsomol. Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv theem siab, tus tub hluas pib nyiam cov ntaub ntawv, keeb kwm thiab kev ua ub no. Nyob rau hauv 1941 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Rostov State University, qhov chaw uas nws tawm mus ua ib tug tshawb fawb ntawm kev ua lej thiab ua ib tug xib fwb.
Sentence
Solzhenitsyn raug ntes thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1945 thaum nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, qhov uas nws tau qhia.tiag tiag heroism, tau rov hais dua rau khoom plig thiab tuav txoj hauj lwm ntawm tus thawj coj, nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm tus thawj coj. Yog vim li cas rau qhov raug kaw yog Solzhenitsyn cov ntawv xov xwm nrog ib tug phooj ywg tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv nws cov lus, tus kws sau ntawv hais unflatteringly txog Stalin, hais txog nws nyob rau hauv ib tug pseudonym. Qhov tshwm sim yog raug kaw yim xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj thiab raug txim lub neej.
Xyoo 1952, Solzhenitsyn tau kuaj pom tias mob qog noj ntshav. Txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv tsev lojcuj. Hmoov zoo, tus kab mob tau rov zoo lawm. Tom qab ntawd, Alexander Ivanovich tau hais txog qhov no nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, qhov chaw uas nws piav txog tag nrho cov txaus ntshai thiab kev tsim txom uas nws yuav tsum tau nyiaj dhau.
Creativity
thawj txoj haujlwm uas tau luam tawm yog "Ib Hnub hauv Lub Neej ntawm Ivan Denisovich". Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau luam tawm zaj dab neeg, Alexander Tvardovsky yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ib tug ntau ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Thiab yog li ntawd, nws tau tshwm sim - cov ntawv sau tau luam tawm hauv ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm Novy Mir magazine hauv 1962. Nyob rau hauv lub lig sixties, tib daim ntawv luam tawm plaub yam hauj lwm ntxiv los ntawm tus sau. Txhua yam yog txwv tsis pub. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tau tshaj tawm tau luam tawm los ntawm tes thiab muab faib ua txhaum cai.
Hauv xyoo 1967, Alexander Ivanovich Solzhenitsyn tau txiav txim siab ua ntu zus thiab tau sau ib tsab xov rau Congress of Writers, uas nws tau hais kom lawv tso tseg censorship. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus tsim raug tsim txom hnyav heev.
Xyoo 1969, Solzhenitsyn raug ntiab tawm ntawm Pawg Neeg Sau Ntawv, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws yeej qhov khoom plig Nobel. Tus sau tuaj yeem tau txais nws qhov khoom plig tsuas yog xyoo 1974, thaum nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm nws lub tebchaws. Yog vim li cas rau qhov noyog cov ntawv tshaj tawm txawv teb chaws, uas yog nyob rau Fabkis, ntawm kev ua haujlwm "Lub Gulag Archipelago: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb". Tau nees nkaum xyoo, tus kws sau ntawv txawj ntse raug yuam kom nyob deb ntawm nws lub tebchaws.
Hauv xyoo 1984, Solzhenitsyn cov haujlwm tau pib luam tawm dua hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau hauv 1990, Alexander Ivanovich raug xa rov qab mus rau lub pej xeem ntawm lub Soviet Union. Xyoo 1994, tus kws sau ntawv tau rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws.
Tawm mus
Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj kev nyuaj, Alexander Ivanovich Solzhenitsyn tau ua kom pom kev zoo siab thiab muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm kev sim siab. Nws tawm tsam tsoomfwv thiab, tib lub sijhawm, tswj kom muaj sia nyob thiab muaj sia nyob. Tsis tshua muaj neeg ua tiav. Tab sis txawm tias ib tug neeg muaj zog thiab muaj zog npaum li cas, nws lub sij hawm hauv ntiaj teb yuav tas mus li.
Alexander Ivanovich Solzhenitsyn tuag thaum Lub Yim Hli 3, 2008 hauv Moscow. Raws li nws tau los ntawm cov lus ntawm nws tus tub, qhov ua rau tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo heev yog lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm. Nrog nws txoj kev tawm mus, qee lub sijhawm hauv kev muaj tswv yim sau ntawv tau xaus.
Npaj
Pom Solzhenitsyn ntawm nws txoj kev mus kawg, ntawm lwm tus, tuaj txog Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Lavxias Dmitry Medvedev. Nws ua kev quaj ntsuag rau tsev neeg ntawm tus kws sau ntawv. Lub ceremony tau dhau mus ntsiag to, tsis hais lus. Ib sab ntawm lub hleb yog Solzhenitsyn tus poj ntsuam, nws cov tub thiab cov xeeb ntxwv. Ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev nom kev tswv tuaj hais lus zoo rau lub cev zoo.
Pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, qhov chaw ntees tuag, ntau tshaj ib txhiab sauTib neeg. Ntau tus neeg sau xov xwm tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov chaw ua kev quaj ntsuag, vim lawv tsis muaj kev lees paub zoo.
Rau qhov chaw uas Solzhenitsyn raug faus, lub hleb raug txav mus thiab nrog tus neeg saib xyuas hwm. Qhov no tau nrog cov lus qhuab qhia kev ntseeg.
Qhov twg Solzhenitsyn raug faus
Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li, tus kws sau ntawv tsis so ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Novodevichy tojntxas, qhov chaw qhov ntxa ntawm cov neeg sawv cev nto moo ntawm kev kos duab nyob. Vim li cas qhov no tshwm sim thiab leej twg xaiv qhov chaw uas Solzhenitsyn faus. Muaj ntau lub toj ntxas hauv Moscow, yog vim li cas qhov no?
Qhov tseeb yog tias Alexander Ivanovich tau npaj rau nws txoj kev tuag ua ntej, hauv kev ntseeg. Lub toj ntxas uas Solzhenitsyn tom qab faus, nws xaiv rau nws faus nws tus kheej. Nws cov xim tau nyiam los ntawm Moscow Donskoy Monastery.
Tsib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, Alexander Ivanovich tig mus rau Patriarch ntawm Moscow thiab Tag nrho Russia Alexy II nrog kev thov kom faus rau ntawd thiab tau txais koob hmoov rau qhov no. Nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw uas Solzhenitsyn raug faus, muaj qhov ntxa Vasily Klyuchevsky. Alexander Ivanovich suav hais tias nws tus kheej yog nws cov thwjtim. Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj xaiv qhov chaw no. Koj tuaj yeem pom meej qhov ntxa uas Solzhenitsyn tau faus rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Tus neeg tuag tau muab faus rau hauv Great Cathedral ntawm Donskoy Monastery raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm Orthodoxy. Cov kev pabcuam tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Archbishop Alexy.
Lub ntxa qhov chaw uas Alexander Solzhenitsyn faus yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub qub toj ntxas ntawm lub monastery. Ntau cov duab tseem ceeb kuj tau muab faus rau hauv thaj chaw no. Keeb kwm ntawm Russia, xws li princes Trubetskoy, Dolgoruky, Golitsyn. Hauv lub toj ntxas uas Solzhenitsyn raug faus, qee cov neeg Lavxias teb sab pom lawv qhov chaw nkaum kawg. Tom qab lawv tuag lawm, lawv cov tshauv tau thauj los ntawm txawv teb chaws mus rau lawv lub tebchaws.
