Mikhail Kovalchuk: biography thiab kev tshawb fawb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Tus kws kho mob Lavxias teb sab Mikhail Kovalchuk yug hauv Leningrad thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 21, 1946 hauv tsev neeg keeb kwm. Nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm (thiab feem ntau tib lub sijhawm) nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb, suav nrog Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Crystallography thiab lub koom haum nto moo Kurchatov, tus tswvcuab ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm Skolkovo Foundation, tus tswv tsev ntawm cov kev pabcuam nrov hauv TV. thiab scientific secretary ntawm lub Council rau kev kawm ntawv, technology thiab science nyob rau hauv tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau koom nrog ntau yam ntxiv, uas yuav tau tham txog ntawm no, txij li tus phab ej ntawm kab lus no yog Mikhail Valentinovich Kovalchuk.

Ntxhais hmoob

leej txiv ntawm tus kws kho mob tseem ceeb, Valentin Mikhailovich, tus kws sau keeb kwm, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Leningrad ceg ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, ua haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Keeb Kwm thiab yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev thaiv Leningrad thaum nws muaj sia nyob tag nrho. kev nyuaj siab. nyobcuaj caum-yim xyoo, tuag hauv 2013. Niam qhia keeb kwm ntawm Leningrad State University.

Mikhail Kovalchuk yog tus tij laug ntawm billionaire Yuri Kovalchuk, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm Rossiya Bank, uas cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam khoom lag luam loj. Yuri Kovalchuk paub zoo tias yog ib tug phooj ywg ze ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation, thiab tus tub ntawm billionaire, Boris, coj lub Department of Priority Projects nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv, thiab tam sim no tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm JSC Inter RAO UES.

Tus poj niam ntawm tus kws kho mob nrov kuj tseem cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm, nws yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv tebchaws Ireland thiab yog tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm tsis tshua muaj npe Yu. Polyakov, kws tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Tus tub ntawm Mikhail Kovalchuk tau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm loj - National Media Group, uas yog tus tswv ntawm Channel Ib thiab Tsib, STS Media, REN-TV, Izvestia thiab ntau lwm yam xov xwm.

Lub npe ntawm Kirill Kovalchuk flashed nyob rau hauv xovxwm hais txog qhov scandal nrog lub reconstruction ntawm lub Bolkonsky lub tsev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub capital. Nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas Mikhail Andreevich Kovalchuk tau ua haujlwm hauv Spassk-Dalniy, tab sis nrhiav tsis tau nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog tus phab ej ntawm tsab xov xwm no.

Study

Tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics ntawm Leningrad State University hauv 1970 thiab ci ntsa iab tiv thaiv nws daim ntawv kawm tiav ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Semiconductors ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences, cov ntsiab lus uas yog kawm X-rays dynamically tawg nyob rau hauv zoo meej. Crystals, Mikhail Kovalchuk tsis nyob twj ywm hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tiav, tab sis tau muab faib rau Moscow raws li kev xyaum ua haujlwm - kws tshawb fawbShubnikov lub koom haum ntawm Crystallography, USSR Academy ntawm Sciences.

Peb xyoos tom qab nws raug ntiav. Nyob rau hauv 1978, Mikhail Kovalchuk, uas nws biography yog tsis tshua muaj neeg nplua nuj nyob rau hauv scientific txheej xwm, los ua ib tug neeg sib tw ntawm sciences, tiv thaiv ib tug dissertation nyob rau hauv tib lub teb thiab ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li daim diploma.

PhD

Cuaj xyoo tom qab, Mikhail Kovalchuk twb yog lub taub hau ntawm X-ray optics thiab synchrotron hluav taws xob kuaj. Thiab kaum xyoo tom qab - rov tiv thaiv dua, tam sim no cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tau npaj rau qib tom ntej - Tus kws kho mob ntawm Physical and Mathematical Sciences.

Thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv, muaj cov neeg tawm tsam ntse, raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev tshaj tawm tsis zoo txaus: lawv yog qhov yuam kev lossis plagiarism. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau tswj hwm rov qab, thiab Mikhail Kovalchuk tau tiv thaiv nws tus kheej.

Principal thiab xibfwb

Nyob rau xyoo 1998, Mikhail Kovalchuk tau los ua tus xibfwb thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Crystallography, qhov chaw nws tuaj tsis ntev dhau los ua tus kws qhia yooj yim. Xyoo 2000, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm General Physics thiab Astronomy ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau muab nws lub npe ntawm Cov Tswv Cuab (hauv Condensed Matter Physics). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb "Space Materials Science" ntawm lub koom haum.

Txij li xyoo 2005, Mikhail Kovalchuk tau coj lwm tus thawj coj lub luag haujlwm. Lub koom haum Kurchatov tau txais nws ua tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Chaw rau Synchronous Radiation. Thiab nyob rau hauv 2007, nws tau txais kev tso siab los ua tus lwm thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sabacademy ntawm sciences. Txawm li cas los xij, Mikhail Kovalchuk tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau txoj haujlwm no, vim tias nws tsis yog tus tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Thiab feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsis kam lees txais nws ua cov tswv cuab tag nrho, suav tias nws yog tus thawj coj ntau dua li tus kws tshawb fawb.

RAS kev hloov kho

Xwb, xyoo 2012, nws tau tso siab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Physics ntawm St. Petersburg State University, yog li ntawd, nws yuav tsum ua haujlwm ib zaug hauv peb lub koom haum zoo nyob, ntxiv rau, nyob hauv ntau lub nroog. Nws xaus nrog qhov tseeb tias xyoo 2013 daim ntawv pov npav tsis pub dhau ob zaug tsis lees paub nws txoj haujlwm uas tau koom nrog nws rau kaum tsib xyoos dhau los - Mikhail Kovalchuk tsis tau rov xaiv tsa tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Crystallography.

Tom qab ntawd, ib daim nqi tau tshwm sim, kev sau ntawv uas ntau tus kws tshawb fawb ntaus nqi rau Kovalchuk ua txhaum. Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau dhau los ua kev hloov kho nruj heev. Mikhail Kovalchuk nws tus kheej tsis tau tsis lees paub txog kev koom tes, qhia rau cov xov xwm tias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb yuav tsum tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, ib yam li lub tebchaws Roman tau ploj mus.

2015

Xyoo no, Mikhail Kovalchuk tau hais lus rau pej xeem ntau, qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv Federation Council, qhov uas nws tham txog yuav ua li cas ib tug tshiab subspecies raug tsim nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States - "tus txiv neej ", dab tsi txaus ntshai yog fraught nrog kev siv cov hlwb dag thiab yuav ua li cas Tebchaws Meskas cuam tshuam rau cov hom phiaj kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis tau teeb tsa los ntawm lwm lub ntiaj teb. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab Russia raug kev txom nyem tshwj xeeb los ntawm lawv cov kev cuam tshuam. Kev sib koom tes ntawm sciencecov teb chaws, raws li Mikhail Kovalchuk, yuav tsum maj mam txo qis thiab kev sib koom tes tsis tau pib.

Lub Kaum Ob Hlis, tom qab hais lus no, Putin tau ntsib nrog Mikhail Kovalchuk. Nyob ntawd nws tau kawm tias Academician E. Velikhov, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", tau dhau los ua tus thawj tswj hwm hwm. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin tau xaiv Mikhail Kovalchuk rau lub luag haujlwm no. Kovalchuk tam sim ntawd npaj tsim ib lub cim tshiab fusion reactor. Thaum pib ntawm 2016 coj cov rooj sib tham tshiab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub koom haum Kurchatov, qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav cov koom haum uas muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev xav tau sib tham.

Ntau posts

Tsuas tsuas muaj kaum xya qhov tseem ceeb, cov suab nrov tiag tiag uas yog Mikhail Kovalchuk. Qhov no yog rau feem ntau ntawm cov tswv cuab hauv pawg thawj tswj hwm thiab cov thawj coj - hauv Pawg Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation (kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm; kev hloov kho tshiab thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm Lavxias kev lag luam; cov thev naus laus zis siab thiab kev tsim kho tshiab, thiab lwm yam), hauv pawg thawj coj - ntawm Ministry of Industry ntawm Lavxias Federation, Ministry of Education thiab Science ntawm Lavxias Federation; nyob rau hauv lub rooj sab laj ntawm cov thawj coj thiab cov neeg tsim qauv, ua cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshawb fawb - thaj tsam ntawm high-tech sectors hauv kev lag luam; Nyob rau hauv lub Civic Chamber ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Kev coj noj coj ua kev tshawb fawb kuj tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw loj ntawm cov npe no: MIPT cov kws qhia ntawv (lub tsev kawm lus dab neeg no yuav sib tham nyias), cuam tshuam nrog nano-, bio-, kev txawj ntse thiab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis; Department of Physics of Nanosystems, Moscow State University, Department of Nuclear Physics Research Methods, St. Petersburg State University; Department of Physics of Radiation Interaction, Moscow Institute of Physics thiab Technology; qhia ua ib tug xibfwb ntawmKws qhia ntawv ntawm Material Science, Moscow State University. Nws yog Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, uas cuam tshuam nrog nanotechnology.

Mikhail Kovalchuk ua haujlwm ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm "Crystallography", ib phau ntawv xov xwm kev kawm, thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm tshawb fawb nrog lub npe ntev "Surface. X-ray Research". Mikhail Kovalchuk qhov kev kawm txuj ci nrov hauv TV ntawm Channel Tsib yog hu ua "Cov Dab Neeg los ntawm Yav Tom Ntej".

Nws yog Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm National Committee ntawm Crystallographers ntawm Lavxias Federation; RSNE; NKRK. Nws kuj yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science), nyob rau hauv seem physics.

kev ua haujlwm tshawb fawb

Feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Academy of Sciences xav txog Kovalchuk yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm X-ray diffraction tsom xam, tab sis tsis tau tsim cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab los yog pab txhawb rau lwm yam kev tshawb fawb. Thiab cov lus pom zoo txog Galilean qhov loj ntawm kev tshawb pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb xws li kev tswj hwm, kev lag luam, kev qhia, kev nom kev tswv, biology, haiv neeg txoj kev xav thiab keeb kwm (huag, yuav ua li cas nthuav qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab tib neeg genome nyob ntawm no!) banal tsis muaj tseeb uas cov kws tshawb fawb xav txog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo, thiab tsis yog tag nrho Nazism lossis Lysenkoism.

Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev tsis txaus no, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb suav nrog Mikhail Kovalchuk yog tus neeg paub zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog ntawm txhua tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias sciences. Lawv kuj hais tias kev hloov kho ntawm lawv thaj chaw tau ua los ntawm cov neeg sib txawv kiag li uas, nrog nws cov lus pom zoo, tsis ua.tau coj, tab sis kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Kovalchuk thiab Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tau raug coj los ua kom zoo dua.

ITEP

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub koom haum theoretical thiab Experimental Physics tau suab lub tswb: lawv tawm tsam kev hloov pauv ntawm lawv lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub koom haum Kurchatov thiab nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Mikhail Kovalchuk. Xyoo 2012, Txuag ITEF lub vev xaib tseem tau tsim, qhov twg cov ntawv tau tshaj tawm rau txhua tus neeg Lavxias, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws thiab Thawj Tswj Hwm. Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tus kws tshawb fawb tau kos npe rau lawv, suav nrog ib feem peb ntawm lub koom haum cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb. Daim ntawv thov tau kos npe txawm tias los ntawm Nobel cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm Asmeskas, uas xav txog ITEP yog ib lub koom haum hauv ntiaj teb.

Lawv tsab ntawv hais tias txoj cai no yog qhov ua rau kaw NASA hauv Asmeskas thiab Max Planck Lub Tsev Haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Qhov no yog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub koom haum no - ITEP, nrhiav tau rau nuclear kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv 1945, uas ua hauj lwm raws li ib feem ntawm Rosatom. Ntxiv rau nws, ob lub koom haum tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb ntxiv hauv thaj tsam ntawm biology thiab physics koom nrog lub koom haum Kurchatov. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib koom ua ke raws li kev thov los tsim kev hloov pauv rau Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb vim qhov tseeb tias Mikhail Kovalchuk ua tsis tiav los ua ib tus kws tshaj lij. Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tus thawj coj Academy of Sciences yam tsis muaj lub npe no.

Lwm qhov kev xav

Cov kev pabcuam xovxwm tsis tau hais txog qhov xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg nyob ib puag ncig lub koom haum Kurchatov, hais txog qhov tseeb tias los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub tebchaws cov tub ceev xwm tsis yog tsuas yog xav kom tau txais kev hloov kho kom ruaj khov, tab sis kuj ua tiav cov thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam. ib los yog ob peb cheeb tsam ib zaug. Txog tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg tsis muab Mikhail Kovalchuk nrog lub npetus thawj coj ua tiav. Nws rub lub zeem muag ci ntsa iab, ntxiv rau, cov loj loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog nanotechnologies thiab hybrid anthropomorphic systems (robots).

Kev tshawb fawb tab tom ua tiav, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig zoo kawg tsis xav tau hauv lub neej no, tej zaum nyob rau tom ntej. Lub hom phiaj cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Cov peev nyiaj ntawm lub koom haum Kurchatov nyob rau hauv 2012 ib leeg tshaj xya billion rubles, tam sim no, ntawm chav kawm, ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm, nws yog qhov qis dua rau ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab thiab ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb. Ntxiv mus, daim duab no tau poob qis heev thaum Kovalchuk tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum Kurchatov.