Nrog ntau yam qauv ntawm cov phom me me, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob hauv Asmeskas Tub Rog Peabody-Martini phom. Nws tau tsim los ntawm 1869 txog 1871 tshwj xeeb rau kev xav tau ntawm US Army thiab qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe. Tsis tas li ntawd, Peabody-Martini phom loj yog qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg ntiag tug. Cov neeg yos hav zoov tau hloov qhov loj-caliber haum nrog cov qauv ntawm caj npab me. Cov lus piav qhia, khoom siv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm Peabody-Martini phom loj (piv txwv 1869) tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus.
History
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm tub rog phom, tsuas yog cov tub rog tsis muaj teeb meem hauv kev thauj khoom los ntawm lub muzzle. Rau qhov no, nws yog txaus rau tus neeg tua kom muab riam phom nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntsug, ncuav ib tug npaum li cas ntawm rab phom mus rau hauv lub muzzle, tsav ib wad, ib tug mos txwv. Ces zapyzhevat dua thiaj li hais tias cov mos txwv tsis yob tawm ntawm lub chim rov qab. Cov teeb meem tau pom nrog cov neeg caij nees, nrog rau cov tub rog tub rog uas raug yuam kom thauj lawv cov phom ntev nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm yooj yim. Tus tsim riam phom Christian Sharps tau tswj xyuas qhov xwm txheej, uas xyoo 1851 tsim rauphom zawv zawg nyob rau hauv grooves ntawm ib ntsug wedge. Tom qab qhib, lub breech ntawm riam phom tau muab nrog ib daim ntawv cartridge, thiab xauv nrog ib tug ntsia liaj qhov rooj, uas tau tsa nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb qib. Lawv qhov kev sib txuas tau muab los ntawm lub tsav. Cov kab ke no tau pom los ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab raug.
Hauv xyoo 1862, tus tsim riam phom Asmeskas Henry Peabody patented nws qib thiab ua rau tus neeg saib xyuas rau rab phom.
System device
Lub kaw lus txav tau raug teeb tsa siab dua ntawm kab nruab nrab ntawm lub thoob channel. Txhawm rau kom txo qis hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tus xub yuav tsum txav lub bracket cia thiab rau pem hauv ntej. Hauv qhov no, lub breech tau qhib kom tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv siv nyiaj los ntawm lub thoob. Tom qab cov yeeb yam no, cov mos txwv tshiab tau muab tso rau hauv lub breech, thiab riam phom tau npaj rov ua dua.
Ua tsaug rau qhov yooj yim nyob rau hauv kev nyab xeeb qib thiab ua tiav qhov tsis muaj lwm qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lub receiver, qhov system no tau pom zoo hauv Asmeskas thiab Europe.
Swiss hloov kho
Henry Peabody's rab phom system tau txhim kho los ntawm Swiss engineer Frederick von Martini. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, ib tug loj drawback ntawm rab phom yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug sab nraud trigger, uas yog cocked nyias. Tus kws ua haujlwm Swiss suav nrog nws hauv ib lub tswv yim, uas tseem tswj tau los ntawm lub zog nyob tom qab tus neeg tiv thaiv. Lub trigger li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav-loaded striker tau muab tso rau hauv lub bolt. Cov kev hloov kho tau nyiam los ntawm British tub rog hais kom ua, thiab hauv 1871 cov phom Peabody-Martini tau txais yuav.mus rau hauv kev pab.
Kev piav qhia
Cov phom Peabody-Martini yog ib rab phom tua tub rog me me nrog rab phom puag ncig ntsia hlau rau hauv lub receiver. Nws tau txuas nrog lub forearm nrog kev pab los ntawm ob lub zawv zawg zawv zawg rings. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv qhov kev hloov pauv, cov phom ntev tau nruab nrog cov kab hlau hla hla nrog ib puag ncig. Trihedral bayonets nrog fullers tau mounted ntawm lub muzzles ntawm Peabody-Martini phom mod. 1869 (Duab ntawm bayonets yog nthuav tawm hauv qab no). Cov khoom zoo sib xws tau siv nyob rau hauv Lavxias Imperial Army.
Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom lag luam, Asmeskas Walnut tau siv los ua cov khoom siv. Lub forearm yog nruab los ntawm ib tug longitudinal groove nrog ib tug steel ramrod. Qhov ntev thiab muaj zog pinch ntsia hlau tau siv los txuas lub receiver mus rau lub pob tw. Nws lub taub hau raug kaw nrog steel cam khwb cia taub qab phaj nrog pob zeb diamond-shaped notches. Lub taub qab phaj nws tus kheej tau mounted ntawm lub taub qab nrog ob lub hau. Xav ua kom qhov rhiab heev ntawm tus ntiv tes ntsuas, cov phom siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb rau qhov ua rau. Swivels 45 mm dav tau ntsia rau hauv lub pob tw ntawm rab phom. Qhov chaw rau pem hauv ntej swivel yog lub pem hauv ntej steel mounting nplhaib, thiab rau ib tug ntxiv - lub pem hauv ntej ib feem ntawm lub trigger guard.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus ntiv tes xoo los ntawm kev swb ntawm tus txais, ib qho tshwj xeeb oval-shaped medallion tau tsim rau nws. Ib daim duab ntawm rab phom Peabody-Martini tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm.
Shutter
Peb mus kawm riam phom. Lub phom Peabody-Martini (Mod. 1869) tau nruab nrog lub viav vias ntsia hlau. qhib thiabnws tau raug kaw nrog kev pab ntawm lub qis qis. Lub shutter cocked lub drummer. Lub ejector yog lub luag haujlwm rau rho tawm cov ntawv siv nyiaj los ntawm rab phom phom. Cov cuab yeej phom tsis tau muab rau kev ua si dawb. Cov riam phom muaj qhov muag muag.
rab phom loaded li cas?
Yuav kom thauj khoom, tus tua yuav tsum:
- Qhib lub breech ntawm rab phom. Qhov no tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm tus tsav mus rau lub kaw lus.
- Muab ammo tso rau hauv lub thoob.
- Kaw lub shutter thaum tuav tus txhais.
- Ua ib platoon instant. Ua li no, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los cuam tshuam lub cocking lever.
Tom qab kev txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm haujlwm, lub zog qis qis thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv nyiaj tau muab rho tawm.
Sights
kauj ruam-them qhib-hom pom thiab pom pem hauv ntej nrog ib daim duab peb sab tau tsim rau cov phom ntev. Kev tua ntawm qhov luv luv tau ua tiav siv cov ncej dav dav. Ib tug tub rog tub rog tuaj yeem nqa lub hom phiaj tua ntawm qhov ntev uas siv lub dab tshos ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes uas muaj lub voj voos me me.
Ambition
Rau phom, ntau hom cartridges tau siv rau hauv lub tes tsho tooj dag tsim los ntawm E. Boxer. Rau phom phom, mos txwv siv cov hmoov dub tau npaj. Lub tes tsho yog lub raj mis zoo li. Qhov ntev ntawm lub cartridge tsis tshaj 79.25 mm. Tus nqi hmoov hnyav hnyav 5.18 g. Peabody phom raug rho tawm haujlwmMartini shellless mos txwv nrog lub taub hau puag ncig. Txij li thaum lawv txoj kab uas hla me dua txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub bore, thiaj li yuav txhim kho lawv obturation, cov mos txwv tau qhwv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv oiled dawb.
Txhawm rau txo kev sib txhuam thiab tiv thaiv phom phom los ntawm cov hlau lead, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tau siv thaum qhwv. Yog li, thaum txhaj tshuaj, qhov nce ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov mos txwv thiab indentation ntawm daim ntawv rau hauv rab phom phom tau pom. Cov mos txwv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov phom ntev no tau suav tias yog Peabody-Martini-45 cartridges uas tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Piv rau cov neeg European, lawv qhov ntau thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau ntau dua.
TTX phom Peabody-Martini
- Hnub Hom - Rifle.
- Produced in the USA.
- rab phom tau saws hauv xyoo 1871.
- Caliber - 11.43 mm.
- tag nrho ntev - 125 cm.
- Barrel length - 84 cm.
- Cramrod ntev - 806 mm.
- Tsis muaj bayonet, phom hnyav hnyav 3800 grams.
- Ntau lub phom phom - 7.
- Rate of fire - 10 rounds per minute.
- rab phom tau siv rau kev tua zoo ntawm qhov deb mus txog 1183 meters.
Daim ntawv thov
Lub caj npab me no tau siv thaum lub sijhawm Bosnian-Herzegovina kev tawm tsam, hauv Balkan tsov rog, hauv ob lub Greco-Turkish tsov rog, hauv Lavxias-Turkish thiab Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I. Cov phom ntev ntev tau ua haujlwm nrog Askiv, Asmeskas thiab Romania. Kuj tseem siv xyoo 1870. Peabody-Martini phom phom Turkey.
qauv tshiab rau lub tebchaws Ottoman
Vim tias cov tub rog Turkish luv luv ntawm cov mos txwv rau Peabody Martini, xyoo 1908 nws tau hloov mus rau Mauser mos txwv (caliber 7.65 mm). Yog li tus qauv tshiab ntawm cov riam phom me me breech-loading riam phom tshwm sim - Martini-Mauser ntawm 1908 qauv. Cov xwm txheej ntawm cov mos txwv tshiab tau ntim nrog cov hmoov tsis muaj pa taws, uas ua rau muaj kev nce hauv lawv lub zog. Tom qab tua ib puas lossis ob qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, qhov muaj zog ntxiv tau pom tias yog qhov tsis zoo: cov neeg txais tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub nra thiab siv tsis tau sai.
Kev hloov kho
Nyob rau hauv tebchaws Askiv, cov neeg tsim phom raws li Peabody locking mechanism thiab qhov tshwm sim, txhim kho los ntawm Swiss engineer Martini, tsim cov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov phom loj uas muaj Henry chim nrog polygonal rifling. Cov riam phom muaj npe Martini-Henry Mark (Mk). Rifles tau nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv plaub series:
- MkI. Cov riam phom tau nruab nrog qhov ua kom siab dua thiab lub ramrod tshiab.
- Mk II. Nyob rau hauv no series, ib tug txawv tsim tau tsim rau lub rear pom.
- Mk III. Rifles tau nruab nrog kev txhim kho qhov pom thiab taw qhia rau kev ncaws pob.
- Mk IV. Cov qauv no tau nruab nrog txuas ntxiv reload levers, cov khoom tshiab thiab ramrods. Tsis tas li ntawd, Mk IV nta ib qho kev hloov kho receiver zoo.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho plaub series, riam phom tsim tau tswj kom nce tus nqi ntawm hluav taws ntawm phom mus rau plaub caug rounds ib feeb. Qhov kev hloov kho tshiab tau yooj yim raukev kho mob, uas tau hlub los ntawm cov tub rog Askiv ko taw.
Tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom tsim Martini-Henry Mk yog kwv yees li ib lab units.
Raws li Peabody Martini, cavalry carbines tau tsim. Tsis zoo li cov phom ntev, qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev ntawm cov carbines tsawg dua. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, thaum lub sij hawm tua, lawv tau sau tseg nce recoil. Vim li no, cov carbines tau pom tias tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv cov mos txwv phom loj. Thaum tua los ntawm carbines, cartridges tau siv uas tau nruab nrog cov mos txwv nrog qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj dua.
Kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov mos txwv carbine los ntawm cov mos txwv phom, cov mos txwv ntawm lub teeb yuag tau qhwv hauv daim ntawv liab.
Japanese qauv
Lub kaw lus, kev khiav haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dov ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tau nyiam ntau tus neeg nrog nws txoj kev yooj yim thiab kev ntseeg tau.
Nyob rau xyoo 1905, Nyiv tau tsim nws tus kheej breech-loading phom siv lub zawv zawg zawj. Hauv keeb kwm ntawm caj npab me, tus qauv no hu ua Arisaka.
Vim nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub rog tub rog kom muaj rab riam puv ntawm tes thaum sib ntaus sib tua lossis thaum teeb tsa ib lub yeej rog, cov neeg tsim khoom Nyij Pooj tau nruab qhov muzzle ntawm phom phom nrog rab koob bayonets. Hauv kev tsim cov riam phom edged no, cov hlau zoo tau siv. Vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, American infantrymen kuj siv cov riam no. Zoo li rab phom Peabody Martini, Arisaka phom loj tau ua haujlwm rau tib neeg hauv ntau kev tsov rog.
Nyob hauv kaw
Lub teeb yuag, xis nyob, tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis tsim nyog, Peabody-Martini phom loj tau txawv los ntawm kev ua kom tuag taus. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm, lawv tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog ua tub rog ua riam phom zoo rau kev tua. Thiab tom qab raug tshem tawm, cov kws tshawb fawb Askiv tau siv lawv ua qauv kev cob qhia.
