Ntawm cov phom loj loj siv hauv kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1941-1945 los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, tsis muaj ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas ntau yam xws li SVT-40 (sniper phom loj). Cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tub rog tau txiav txim siab tias nws tsis muaj kev vam meej, yog li kev tso phom ntev sai sai no.
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog xyoo, thaum, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntsuas ntau, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis zoo. Muaj kev xav ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hais tias yog tias nws tsis yog rau kev ua tsov ua rog, rab phom tuaj yeem tsim tau yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim muaj ntau tus neeg siv riam phom hais lus zoo txog nws.
Kev piav qhia ntawm rab phom
Rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov pa roj piston, cov roj hmoov yog siv, uas yog tawm ntawm lub thoob channel. Lub regulator tau nruab rau hauv lub chamber los hloov cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv phom nyob rau hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej thiab tso cai rau koj hloov cov xwm txheej rau kev siv ntau hom cartridges.
Lub piston xa cov txav mus rau lub qhov rooj, thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rov qab los. Lub qia kwj dej yog kaw nrog lub kaw, uas warps nyob rau hauv ib tug ntsug dav hlau. ATMuaj lwm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau hauv lub thoob lub thawv uas ua hauj lwm kom rov qab lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm tus ncej mus rau qhov opposite txoj hauj lwm. Cov khoom ntawm cov phom ntev yog sib xyaw, lub mechanism yog ua los ntawm ib tug txhais. Tus txhais tau raug thaiv los ntawm lub xauv ruaj ntseg.
Ua haujlwm hauv kev sib ntaus
Cov ntawv xov xwm raug thauj khoom yam tsis tau tshem cov clips ntawm rab phom. Qhov pom yog nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug pem hauv ntej pom thiab ib tug namushnik. SVT-40 sniper phom loj nrog PU kho qhov muag pom muaj qhov nres hauv qhov muzzle. Cov kev hloov kho tom qab muaj lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag zoo ib yam li ABT-40 thiab rab phom bayonet uas zoo li cov hniav rau hnav hauv ib lub tsho tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj siv.
Yog hais tias tua los ntawm ib qho kev sib tw, riam phom txhawb nqa los ntawm sab laug tes thiab muab tso rau ntawm xib teg nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Kev siv rab phom ntev los ntawm qhov chaw zaum, sawv thiab hauv caug yog tuav riam phom los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Ib tug kws qhia zoo tua hluav taws txog 25 txhaj tshuaj ib feeb yog tias cov ntawv xov xwm tau sau ua ntej. Yog hais tias koj sau lub khw nrog ob clips, ces tus naj npawb ntawm txhaj tshuaj txo mus rau 20 ib feeb.
Siv lub suab
Ib SVT-40 sniper phom nrog lub suab ntsiag to tau raug sim ntawm qhov chaw cob qhia thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1941. Cov cuab yeej tsim los tsuas yog rau cov mos txwv nrog ceev ceev, thiab nws tsis haum rau cov mos txwv phom nrog txo qis. Qhov kev tsim ntawm lub twj tso kua mis no tsis hloov qhov ceev thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau muab rau cov mos txwv, tab sis lub suab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yuav luag tsis tua, thiab qhov ci ntawm lub teeb tseem zoo ib yam.
Roj los ntawm cov hmoov phom tom qab txhaj tshuaj tsis tawm hauv lub thoob, tab sisraug ncua los ntawm lub suab ntsiag to, uas ua rau lub fact tias thaum lub shutter qhib, lawv ntaus tus tua nrog lub dav hlau ntom ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lub Silent Rifle Shooting Device raug puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm sim thiab tsis tau tsim ntxiv.
tus kheej-loading phom specifications
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog Finnish-Soviet xyoo 1939-1940, SVT-40 sniper phom loj tau siv thawj zaug. Nta thiab specifications:
- phom caliber - 7, 62;
- Nyhav riam phom 3, 8 kg yam tsis muaj bayonet thiab mos txwv;
- cartridge caliber - 7, 62x54 mm;
- phom ntev - 1 m 23 cm;
- tus qauv hluav taws kub - 20 mus rau 25 rounds ib feeb;
- pib lub mos txwv ceev - 829 meters ib ob;
- pom ntau - mus txog 1.5 km;
- Magazine tuav 10 ammo.
History of Creation
Kev xav tig riam phom ib txwm ua rau qhov tsis siv neeg analogue ua rau qhov tseeb tias Fedor Tokarev pib tsim phom SVT-38, uas, thaum tsov rog nrog Finns, dhau los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv xeem hnyav. Kev siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas txhua qhov tsis txaus ntawm riam phom. Cov no yog qhov hnyav hnyav, tsis ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob thiab kev nyeem ntawv huab cua tsawg, nrog rau qhov xav tau rau daim ntawv thov tsis tu ncua ntawm lubrication.
Tus tsim qauv yog lub luag haujlwm los ua ib rab phom sib zog thiab txo qhov ntev, thaum nce qhov ntsuas ntawm kev ntseeg tau thiab lub zog. Gunsmiths tsis txo qhov linear loj ntawm qhov chaw, uas tuaj yeem ua tauua rau malfunctions nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm automation. Lawv mus los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom nyias, txo qhov ntev ntawm lub bayonet, thiab cov ntawv xov xwm, casing thiab forearm tau hloov pauv cov qauv. SVT-40 sniper phom loj tshwm. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog kev hloov pauv tsim.
Nyob rau xyoo 1940, rab phom uas tus kheej thauj khoom nkag mus rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog. Cov khoom tau txais cov yam ntxwv xav tau, lub teeb yuag, tab sis cov khoom tsim tau ua tiav ntawm qib siab tshaj plaws, cov khoom ntawm cov phom yog rhiab rau kev tsim khoom raug thiab ua raws li cov kev cai thev naus laus zis. Riam phom xav tau kev saib xyuas nyuaj, uas nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis yog ib txwm muab.
Sniper phom loj
The SVT-40 Tokarev sniper phom ramps nce ntau lawm tsuas yog thaum pib tsov rog xyoo 1940. Lub sijhawm no, kwv yees li ib lab rab phom raug tsim tawm. Kev sim ua kom muaj riam phom nrog lub sniper scope, tab sis txhawm rau tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, qhov tsim yuav tsum tau hloov, yog li thaum tsov rog cov neeg tsim qauv tso tseg lub tswv yim no, thiab rab phom yog tsim raws li cov qauv qub.
riam phom tsis siv neeg
Xyoo 1942, tus qauv tsis siv neeg SVT-40 tau tsim. Cov phom sniper tam sim no tua hluav taws tuaj yeem. Tab sis Tokarev riam phom tsis yog tsim los rau xws li ib tug load. Cov phom loj ntawm tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sim hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, vim qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm ntau qhov tsis txaus, kev tsim khoom raug txo qis. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1945, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau txiav txim siab so tawm ntawm SVT-40.
Tus tsim Tokarev ua haujlwm raucreation ntawm ib tug tsis siv neeg carbine raws li SVT-40. Ib tug 1940 qauv sniper phom yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv ib tug carbine, lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm uas yog ib tug hluav taws. Tsis siv neeg carbine khaws tag nrho cov shortcomings ntawm rab phom. Cov ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm pem hauv ntej qhia tias cov tub rog tsis kam siv riam phom vim yog qhov tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab, qhov nyuaj ntawm cov qauv, tsis muaj qhov tseeb.
yam ntxwv zoo ntawm riam phom
Txawm hais tias qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis zoo txog SVT-40, rab phom sniper muaj ntau qhov zoo. Lub teeb yuag tsim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm maneuver nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tej yam kev mob thiab thaum yuam marches. Cov phom sniper txawv ntawm nws cov poj koob yawm txwv SVT-40 3.5x PU pom, uas yog qhov hnyav (tsuas yog 270 g). Qhov pom kev tso cai rau koj tua ntawm qhov deb txog li 600 m.
Qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev thauj khoom nws tus kheej yog qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub piv rau Mosin phom. Kev siv yooj yim tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev ncaws pob hauv xub pwg thaum tua, thiab tsis txhob ntes lub thoob pov tseg.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm rab phom tus kheej thauj khoom
Lub SVT-40 sniper phom loj tsis tau siv dav hauv cov tub rog vim qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim, uas ua rau muaj kev nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev saib xyuas tas li tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua tub rog loj hauv lub sijhawm ua tsov rog. Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev hloov pauv roj tsis tiav thiab qhov ua tau poob ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tshem tawm, thiab kev tsim tsis yooj yim ua rau muaj kuab paug thiab plua plav.
Lub siab xav txo qhov hnyav ua rau ua tsis tiav hauv cov txheej txheem tsis siv neeg ntawm SVT-40. Cov phom sniper khaws nws qhov ntev, tab sis qhov hnyav tau txo los ntawm kev siv cov khoom thinner thiab ua kom cov qhov hauv lub casing, uas ua rau muaj kuab paug ntxiv.
Sniper phom SVT-40 thiab nws siv
Thawj pib nws tau npaj tseg tias rab phom tua tus kheej yuav yog lub hauv paus me me ntawm infantrymen thiab yuav ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm kev tua hluav taws. Lub xeev yuav tsum muaj ob peb txhiab ntawm cov riam phom no nyob rau hauv txhua qhov kev faib, thiab qhov piv ntawm cov phom nrog ib tus kheej-loading mechanism thiab cov khoom siv tsis siv neeg yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov sib piv ntawm 1: 2..
Thaum pib lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, kwv yees li ib lab SVT-40 riam phom raug tsim tawm. Kev tshuaj xyuas phom sniper ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov tau txais tsis yog qhov zoo xwb. Feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom tau tsom mus rau thaj tsam sab hnub poob ntawm thaj tsam ciam teb. Ib txhij nrog cov phom no, Asmeskas M1 Garand tau tsim, uas sib npaug hauv kev ua haujlwm rau Soviet daim ntawv.
German phom siv cov qauv ntawm Soviet phom, muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog, vim lawv tsis muaj cov khoom zoo li no. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tau cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg German tab tom tsim thiab tsim cov phom loj, cov ntsiab lus uas zoo li SVT-40. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, zus tau tej cov phom rau nws tus kheej yog txo, thiab sai sai nres tag nrho. Lub complexity ntawm ntau lawm, ib tug loj tus naj npawbCov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv ua rau kev tsim khoom kim heev thiab tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Ib rab phom ntawm 143 lub ntsiab muaj 22 lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Ob peb hom tshwj xeeb steels yog siv los tsim cov rooj sib txoos.
Ntau yam kev hloov kho
- SVT-38 ua ntej xyoo 1940, tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 500 grams ntau dua li cov qauv tom ntej. Nws bayonet tseem tsis tau hloov pauv hloov pauv, cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov qub.
- SVT-40 twb yog ib hom kev txhim kho nrog cov ntaub thaiv luv luv, nws pib tsim tawm hauv xyoo 1940. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ntseeg siab, sib zog dua li yav dhau los ntawm 600 grams.
- SVT-40 sniper phom loj, uas nws cov yam ntxwv tso cai rau kev tua hluav taws, tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom hauv xyoo 1940. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm qhov muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nres rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej aiming thiab ua kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov qia nto.
- LubAVT-40 yog qhov hloov pauv tsis siv neeg nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis rau lub tshuab ua haujlwm, zoo ib yam li lub hauv paus qauv SVT-38. Txawm tias muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim ib rab phom tsis siv neeg txhim khu kev qha, thiab kev tsim cov riam phom zoo li no tau txiav txim siab xyoo 1942.
- AKT-40 yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg uas tsis siv lub hauv paus hauv tub rog, txawm hais tias nws yog npaj rau kev tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg.
- SVT-O yog hais txog hom kev tua tsiaj, hloov los ntawm riam phom SVT-40, uas tau tshem tawm ntawm tub rogmobilization reserve. Txog rau tam sim no, cov khoom tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm riam phom rau kev tua ib leeg. Muaj rau cov pej xeem sawv daws txij thaum 2012.
Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias rau zus tau tej cov thiab txhim kho tus tsim ntawm cov phom, tsis zoo heev xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog raug xaiv, bets yog ua nyob rau hauv kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm riam phom, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv lawv zoo. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, ces riam phom zoo dua rau kev tua yuav raug tsim los ntawm rab phom loj.
