Vasily Shukshin: biography, zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej, creativity

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Vasily Shukshin, uas nws biography yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus tus neeg uas sim ua txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, zoo li nws muaj ib tug premonition ntawm nws thaum ntxov ncaim. Nws tau tswj hwm, txawm tias txhua qhov teeb meem, kom ua tiav nws lub hom phiaj thiab qhia tib neeg nws txoj kev xav sab hauv los ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev ua yeeb yaj kiab.

Tsis muaj leej twg xav tau los ntawm ib tug me nyuam tub los ntawm thaj chaw deb Altai qhov nws tau qhia rau sawv daws. Yug nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Srostki txawm ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, nyob rau hauv 1929, Vasily Makarovich yuav tsum tau tuav txoj hmoo ntawm nws pog koob yawg koob thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tag nrho nws lub neej. Tab sis Shukshin tsis yog ib tug neeg zoo tib yam, nws tsis pom zoo mus nrog cov ntws thiab tso cai rau nws tus kheej ua npau suav.

Xyoo 1933, muaj xwm txheej txaus ntshai tshwm sim rau nws tsev neeg. Makar Leontyevich, tus thawj coj ntawm tsev neeg thiab tus neeg ua lag luam, tau raug ntes thiab tua tsis ntev. Txhawm rau cawm nws cov menyuam los ntawm kev npau taws ntawm tub ceev xwm, niam Maria Sergeevna tau muab nws lub npe menyuam yaus - Popova.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, Vasily kawm tiav los ntawm xya lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab mus rau Biysk mus rau hauv ib lub tsev kawm txuj ci. Ob thiab ib nrabShukshin lub neej ntws ntsuas tau ib xyoos, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tawm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg Srostki.

Pib ua haujlwm

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias thaum 40s lig yeej ib txwm muaj nyiaj tsis txaus, lossis tsis muaj qhov yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, tus tub hluas txiav txim siab tsiv mus nyob ze rau cov European ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Yog tsis muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb, Vasily Shukshin, uas nws biography yog ib zaj dab neeg hais txog lub neej ntawm ib tug dog dig Soviet neeg, pib ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug kws kho tsheb nyob rau hauv ntau yam factories (nyob rau hauv Kaluga, nyob rau hauv Vladimir, nyob rau hauv lub Moscow cheeb tsam). Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1949 nws tau raug tsim los ua tub rog.

Xyoo 1953, Shukshin raug tshem tawm ntawm Navy vim mob plab. Thiab dua nws nyob ntawm nws lub tebchaws. Hauv Srostki, nws dhau qhov kev xeem kawm tiav, uas tso cai rau nws mus ua haujlwm ua tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws xaiv Lavxias teb sab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv raws li nws txoj hauj lwm, tab sis, los ntawm nws tus kheej nkag, nws tsis yog tus kws qhia ntawv zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau tib lub tsev kawm ntawv Srostka, nws tuav txoj haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj rau qee lub sijhawm.

Tab sis txawm tias tej hauj lwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig (thiab Shukshin nyiam me nyuam heev!) Tsis muaj peev xwm txaus siab rau tag nrho cov ambitions ntawm ib tug tub hluas.

Moscow

Xyoo 1954, Shukshin, uas Altai yog txhua yam, txiav txim siab mus rau lub peev - kom kov yeej Moscow. Tsis muaj nyiaj txawm yuav mus los los yeej tsis muaj leej twg yuav tau them nyiaj yug tus me nyuam li os.

Vasily Shukshin, uas nws biography yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas sai li sai tau ib tug tib neeg lub neej yuav hloov, nyob rau hauv 1954 nws nkag mus rau VGIK ntawm ib chav kawm rau Romm,txawm hais tias thaum xub thawj nws tau mus rau qhov screenwriting department. Nws kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv tiav xyoo 1960.

Tab sis txawm tias thaum nws kawm ntawv, nws txoj haujlwm pib ua yeeb yam. Thawj qhov ua haujlwm ntawm Vasily Makarovich yog ib ntu hauv "Quiet Don", thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zaj duab xis "Ob Fedor".

Kev sau ntawv

Shukshin sau nws thawj zaj dab neeg thaum tseem yog tus neeg tsav nkoj ntawm B altic Fleet, thiab nws cov npoj yaig nyeem lawv. Zoo, nws yeej ua haujlwm sau ntawv nkaus xwb hauv Moscow, thaum tus thawj coj ntawm chav kawm, Mikhail Romm, qhia nws kom luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm.

"Hloov" xyoo 1958 tau tso nws thawj zaj dab neeg kho "Ob tug ntawm lub laub". Nyob rau hauv 1963, lub baton no tau coj los ntawm Novy Mir magazine. Cov dab neeg "Grinka Malyugin" thiab "Tus Tsav Tsheb Txias" tau tshwm sim ntawm nws nplooj ntawv.

Nyob hauv tib lub xyoo, Vasily Shukshin tau los ua tus sau phau ntawv "Villers", uas tau luam tawm los ntawm "Young Guard".

Nyob rau xyoo 1970s, cov dab neeg luv luv sau "Characters" tau luam tawm.

Vasily Shukshin, uas nws cov phau ntawv tau nrov los ntawm cov neeg nyeem, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv thuam. Ntau tus tau sau tseg tias lawv yeej tsis tau ntsib lub siab dawb paug thiab kev hlub rau lawv tus phab ej ua ntej. Tus kws sau ntawv ua rau lawv xav tsis thoob nrog nws cov yas, kev ceev faj thiab lub neej txoj kev xav.

Txij li xyoo 1958, Vasily Makarovich tau luam tawm ntau tshaj li ib puas zaj dab neeg, zaj dab neeg "Txog Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj", ob peb zaj yeeb yaj kiab thiabdab neeg, nrog rau ob zaj dab neeg - "Lubaviny" thiab "Kuv los muab kev ywj pheej rau koj."

Vasily Shukshin, uas nws cov phau ntawv yog ib qho kev xav txog kev muaj tiag ntawm Soviet nyob deb nroog, mus txog cov txheej txheem sau ntawv lub luag haujlwm. Nws tau xeeb tub thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1950. Thiab thaum kuv nyob hauv Srostki, kuv tau tham ntev ntev nrog cov neeg laus, sau tag nrho tsev neeg cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg. Yog li ntawd, "Lubavins" yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib phau ntawv hais txog tsev neeg kev lig kev cai, hais txog lub sij hawm nyuaj ntawm lub kulaks thiab collectivization, uas tsev neeg ntawm Shukshin nws tus kheej raug kev txom nyem. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias txhua tus cim hauv phau ntawv muaj lawv cov qauv hauv lub neej tiag tiag.

Tus sau zaj dab neeg thib ob tau txhim kho tau ntev heev. Vasily Shukshin, uas nws biography yeej tsis yog hais txog kev hais lus ntxhi, sau cov ntaub ntawv, siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm ntau lub nroog, vim tias tus phab ej ntawm nws phau ntawv yog Stepan Razin. Nyob rau hauv nws, Shukshin pom tus tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, tus nrhiav kev ncaj ncees thiab tus neeg saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm tib neeg.

Phau ntawv tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1974 tau luam tawm tag nrho los ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv "Soviet Writer".

Cinema

Tom qab kawm tiav high school, Shukshin pib ua haujlwm ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub studio ua yeeb yaj kiab. Gorky. Nws tua nws thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Los ntawm Lebyazhego tshaj tawm" thaum tseem yog menyuam kawm ntawv - nws yog nws qhov kev kawm zoo heev.

Xyoo 1964, ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab raws li Shukshin thawj zaj dab neeg raug tso tawm - "Tus txiv neej zoo li no nyob." Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws yeej tus tsov ntxhuav ntawm Venice li qhov zoo tshaj plawsmovie rau me nyuam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Shukshin ua si 28 lub luag haujlwm. Nws yeej tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov kev pabcuam zoo li no, tab sis nws tau sim siv sijhawm ntau ntxiv rau kev coj ua. Nws yog vim li no, Vasily Makarovich raug yuam kom ua yeeb yam hauv Bondarchuk zaj duab xis "Lawv Fought rau Niam." Goskino muab Shukshin nyuaj, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis kam ntawm lub luag hauj lwm, lawv muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub tsim ib tug zaj duab xis txog Stepan Razin - ib tug heev uas tus thawj coj tau npau suav ntawm ntau xyoo.

Vasily Shukshin cov yeeb yaj kiab yeej ib txwm muaj kev xav tshwj xeeb, thiab cov cim hauv nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam yog tus cwj pwm ntawm tag nrho Lavxias lub neej.

Raws li tus thawj coj, Shukshin tau los ua tus sau rau rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab, ntawm lawv "Cub-khw", uas Vasily Makarovich suav tias yog nws txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.

Kalina liab

zaj 1974 yog tus thawj coj kawg, tab sis kuj yog nws thawj xim.

Nov yog lwm daim duab ntawm Shukshin txog Soviet kev muaj tiag. Nws qhia txog tus tub sab uas nyuam qhuav tso tawm Yegor Prokudin, uas tuaj rau hauv lub zos rau nws tus poj niam Lyuba thiab pib rov npaj nws lub neej. Nws muaj phooj ywg zoo, tsev neeg loj…Zoo tias txoj hmoo yuav zoo dua. Tab sis cov phooj ywg qub los ntawm pawg neeg tsis xav tawm Yegor ib leeg, yog li nws tau tawm tsam kom nws txoj kev zoo siab thiab lub neej ntawm tus txiv neej ncaj ncees.

"Kalina Krasnaya" yog ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab uas tus thawj coj German Rainer Fassbinder hu nws cov duab nyiam. Daim kab xev tau txais ntau yam khoom plig cinematic.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tso tawm nrog qhov tsis muaj kev hloov kho uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Yeeb Yam, uas yog, nws tau tig los ua qhov tseeb. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias Shukshin lub rwj mob zuj zus, thiab cov commission, ntshai los ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj, txiav txim siab mus hla cov yeeb yam tsis nruj censorship.

Vasily Shukshin cov yeeb yaj kiab tsa cov teeb meem kev coj ncaj ncees thiab qhia txog kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm Lavxias.

Kev tuag

Kev tuag ntawm Vasily Makarovich yog qhov ua rau nws cov phooj ywg, cov txheeb ze, thiab rau tag nrho Soviet Union.

Nws tshwm sim thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1974, thaum Shukshin nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab "Lawv tawm tsam rau Niam". Actor Georgy Burkov nrhiav pom lub cev tsis muaj sia ntawm nws tus phooj ywg. Raws li nws tau tshwm sim tom qab, lub neej ntawm ib tug neeg txawj ntse tau cuam tshuam vim lub plawv nres. Vasily Shukshin tsuas yog muaj plaub caug tsib xyoos xwb.

Ntxhais hmoob

Vasily Shukshin lub teb chaws ib txwm yog ib feem ntawm nws lub neej, nws tsis tuaj yeem nqus cua hauv zos thiab tham nrog cov neeg nyob ntawd. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Altai uas nws tau ntsib nws thawj tus hlub, Maria Shumskaya, uas ua hauj lwm ua ib tug xib fwb. Lawv kos npe rau xyoo 1955, tab sis Maria tsis kam nrog nws tus txiv mus rau Moscow. Thiab nws tau dhau los ua nws qhov yuam kev.

Xyoo 1957, Shukshin nug nws tus poj niam rau kev sib nrauj, tab sis Shumskaya categorically tsis kam nws. Qhov tseeb, txoj kev sib yuav no yeej tsis tawg. Vasily Makarovich poob nws phau ntawv hla tebchaws vim lub hom phiaj kom tus tshiab yuav tsis muaj lub thwj hais txog kev sib yuav tsis zoo.

Tom qab ntawd nws tau sib yuav Victoria Sofronova, uas yug nws ib tug ntxhais, Katerina. Tab sis lub koom haum no tsis kav ntev. Txij xyoo 1964 los lawmsib yuav rau actress Lidia Chashchina, los ntawm leej twg, thaum kawg, nws tawm mus rau lwm tus ua yeeb yam - Lidia Fedoseeva.

Thiab tam sim no kev sib yuav kawg tau los ua qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws rau Vasily Makarovich, txawm hais tias, dua, luv luv, tab sis tom qab ntawd kev tuag nws tus kheej cuam tshuam. Lydia thiab Vasily muaj ob tug ntxhais - Maria thiab Olga, uas tau los ua tus ua yeeb yam.