Kremlin hauv Moscow. Russia, Moscow, Kremlin

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Thawj zaug pom cov pov thawj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev thaj yeeb thaum ub nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin muaj hnub nyoog ob txog peb txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm leej twg ua lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow, txij li thaum kev tsim kho ntawm tus thawj palisade yog ntaus nqi mus rau lub sij hawm thaum muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm ib tug diakov hom nyob rau hauv Borovitsky Hill. Kev tsim kho ncaj qha ntawm cov qauv pib nrog kev txiav txim ntawm Yuri Dolgorukov kom txhim kho cov phab ntsa hauv 1156.

Olympus ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev - Kremlin hauv Moscow

Thaum pib, cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev tau ua los ntawm ntoo, thiab tsuas yog nrog lub zog los ntawm Dmitry Donskoy lub peev tau txais nws lub npe nrov npe - pob zeb dawb. Cov phab ntsa tau hloov nrog cov pob zeb ua los ntawm cov limestone hauv zos. Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Ivan III, Italian architects raug caw, uas teem rau tshiab kev tsim kho (1475-1479) - dismantling ib tug dawb pob zeb phab ntsa thiab erecting ib lub cib nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, nws tau disassembled hauv qhov chaw nrog kev hloov pauv sai rau ib qho tshiab. Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus ntev kaum xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ke nrog kev kho tshiab ntawm phab ntsa, kev tsim kho ntawm Assumption Cathedral tau ua tiav.

Thaum tsov rog xyoo 1812, lub Kremlin hauvMoscow tau raug puas tsuaj thiab nyiag khoom. Nws coj nws li plaub xyoos kom rov zoo li qub. Kaum ob ntawm cov kws tshaj lij zoo tshaj plaws tau ua haujlwm rau qhov no. Lub tsev kuj tau raug puas tsuaj ntau heev thaum lub sij hawm muaj tub rog tawm tsam xyoo 1917, lub sijhawm uas Kremlin raug tua los ntawm cov phom loj.

Qhov chaw

Lub Moscow Kremlin, raws li lub ntsiab kev sib raug zoo-kev nom kev tswv thiab kos duab-keeb kwm complex ntawm lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, tsuas yog yuav tsum nyob rau hauv lub tam sim ntawd center ntawm lub nroog. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia ob txoj hauv kev:

• Kev nkag siab zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev raws li qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub peev - lub hauv paus tswj hwm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm los ntawm, thiab lwm yam.
• Xav txog lub Kremlin hauv Moscow yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub tshaj plaws, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov nws qhov chaw tsim nyog. Lub fortress yog thiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob txoj kev sib txuas dej ntws, tawm hauv lub peev xwm invader txoj cai los tawm tsam tsuas yog los ntawm ib sab, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev.

Lub Kremlin nyob rau hauv Moscow yog nyob rau ntawm Borovitsky Hill - nyob rau sab laug ntug dej ntawm Moscow. Hauv nws qhov kev tsim vaj tsev, lub tsev yog ib daim duab peb sab tsis xwm yeem (kom meej meej, nws yog plaub fab nrog ib lub kaum txiav).

Lub Kremlin tau hloov pauv txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb thaum tsoomfwv Soviet los ua lub zog hauv lub tebchaws. Txij li thaum xyoo 1918, Moscow tau rov ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho lub xeev. Lub Peb Hlis ntawm tib yamxyoo, tag nrho tsoom fwv Soviet tsiv mus rau lub Kremlin. Kev nkag ntawm "Soviets" mus rau hauv lub qub vaj ntxwv palaces ua rau muaj kev npau taws ntawm cov pej xeem, tab sis nws tau nrawm nrawm. Lub tsev tau dhau los ua thaj tsam txwv tsis pub, cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig poob lub sijhawm nkag mus rau nws thaj chaw ywj pheej. Cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau hais tias nyob rau xyoo dhau los ntawm lub zog Soviet, lub Kremlin hauv Moscow ua ib pawg architectural raug puas tsuaj loj - ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov monuments yav dhau los raug rhuav tshem.

Ib qho kev hloov pauv nto moo tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm Soviet yog kev hloov pauv ntawm ob lub taub hau dav dawb hau, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab cov pej thuam mus ncig, nrog cov hnub qub ua los ntawm Ural lub pov haum, uas tom qab hloov los ntawm ruby sawv daws yuav.

Kremlin yees

Cov yees ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau nthuav tawm hauv nees nkaum daim, txhua tus ntawm lawv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo sib txawv thiab muaj nws qhov ntev thiab lub npe tshwj xeeb. Plaub lub yees hauv qab no suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Angular Arsenalnaya (nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum ntawm daim duab peb sab, tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus nrog ib puag ncig, qhov seem kaum xya muaj square), nrog rau Spasskaya - lub nto moo tshaj plaws vim lub moos ntsia ntawm nws. Lub hnub qub ruby tsis paub meej flaunt ntawm tsib yees: Spasskaya (Frolovskaya), Nikolskaya, Troitskaya, Borovitskaya (Predtechenskaya) thiab Vodovzvodnaya.

Qhov qis tshaj plaws yog Tsarskaya Ntauwd, ua rau xyoo 1680, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Troitskaya (79.3 meters), Nikolskaya (70.4 meters) thiab Spasskaya (71 meters.) Txhua tus yees, feem ntau yog vim kev tsim kho tib lub sijhawm.(thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th), ua nyob rau hauv tib architectural style. Ib qho chaw ci ntsa iab yog Nikolskaya Ntauwd, tsim hauv pseudo-Gothic style.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv txawv teb chaws

Cov phab ntsa Kremlin tau tsim los ntawm 1485-1516 los ntawm Italian kws tsim qauv. Lawv sawv cev rau ib daim duab peb sab tsis sib xws nrog tag nrho ntev ntawm 2235 m, qhov siab thiab dav ntawm 5-19 m thiab 3.5-6.5 m, feem. Sab saum toj ntawm cov phab ntsa yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog battlements, muaj 1045 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv tag nrho (raws li Lombard kev lig kev cai, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nqos tus Tsov tus tw). Feem ntau muaj qhov khoob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov slots. Lawv muaj built-in loopholes, dav thiab npog. Los ntawm sab nraud, cov phab ntsa muaj cov duab du, thiab los ntawm sab hauv lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog niches nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm arches. Qhov kev daws teeb meem kev tsim vaj tsev no yog tsim los tsis yog los pab txhawb, tab sis kuj ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv. Zoo li ntau lub tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, phab ntsa Kremlin khaws ntau qhov chaw nkaum thiab cov ntawv zais cia, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub fortress yog tias tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, ib ntu ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, saib lub Red Square, tam sim no ua haujlwm raws li lub columbarium. Nws muaj cov urns nrog cov tshauv ntawm cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet. Tam sim no cov lus nug tau raug tsa txog kev faib lwm qhov chaw rau lub columbarium.

Kremlin thiab nws cov khoom

Txawm tias nplua nuj npaum li cas ntawm cov chaw nthuav dav hauv nroog Moscow yog, Kremlin yog lub ntsiab attraction ntawm lub peev. Nws yog nto moo rau ntau yam architectural creations. Nkag mus rau nws thaj chaw, ntawm chav kawm, yog them, raws li kev mus ncig, tab sis dab tsi yog nyiaj piv rau ntau pua xyoo ntawm keeb kwm,khaws cia thiab nyob hauv tib qhov chaw?

Orthodox cathedral yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog:

• Assumption Cathedral.
• Annunciation Cathedral.
• Patriarchal Palace thiab Cathedral ntawm Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim.
• Verkhospassky Cathedral.
• Arkhangelsk Cathedral, thiab lwm yam.

Thaum ncig saib, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, yuav muaj lub siab xav thaij duab ntawm Kremlin hauv Moscow. Nws tsim nyog tuav ob phab ntsa thiab cov yees uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, nrog rau cov vaj tsev txawj ntse - qhov no yog Grand Kremlin Palace, Faceted Chamber, thiab Amusing Palace.

Lub tsev xws li Lub Xeev Kremlin Palace, yav tas los hu ua Palace of Congresses, Armory, Senate Palace thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov chaw nthuav dav kom paub.

Ib qho pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kremlin yog, tau kawg, Tsar Cannon thiab Tsar Tswb, pov rau xyoo 1586 thiab 1733-1735. raws.

Sights of Moscow - Kremlin thiab nws cov tsev cia puav pheej

Thaum hais txog cov tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin, nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem tsis tham txog Pob Zeb Diamond, yog ib qho khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub hauv lub tebchaws. Lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim qub yog huab tais lub regalia - orb, scepter thiab crown. Vim kev nyab xeeb, kev yees duab thiab yees duab kaw tsis pub sab hauv. Kuj tseem muaj xya lub pob zeb keeb kwm, cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog cov hauv qab no: Orlov pob zeb diamond thiab Shah. Lub tom kawg, raws li koj paub, tau nthuav tawm rau Lavxias Emperor Nicholas I los ntawm Persian Shah txhawm rau hloov kho qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj zuj zus.nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub tragic tuag ntawm nto moo Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug thiab playwright A. S. Griboyedov thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Embassy nyob rau hauv Tehran thaum ntxov 1829.

Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev tau them tag nrho hauv Armory. Qhov no yog ob-storey tsev tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse K. Ton. Nws muaj tag nrho cov thrones uas Lavxias teb sab autocrats zaum nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe nrov ntawm Faberge qe, nrog rau sabers ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky, nyiaj chalice ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky, thiab lwm yam.

qhov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm Moscow Kremlin

Keeb kwm ntawm Kremlin hauv Moscow tseem tsis tau poob nws cov xov txawm hnub no. Tam sim no, los yog kom meej meej, txij li xyoo 1991, Kremlin tau ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov tseeb no, nyob rau hauv lub nineties, zoo kawg li restoration ua hauj lwm tau ua nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov cheeb tsam. Xws li kev pom zoo li Palace of Facets, Alexander thiab Andreevsky halls ntawm Grand Kremlin Palace, Senate lub tsev, thiab lwm yam tau kho dua tshiab.

Cov phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin tau pleev xim yuav luag txhua xyoo kom lawv tsis txhob poob lawv qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj.

Active Organizations

Lub koom haum twg nyob ntawm qhov chaw nto moo "Russia, Moscow, Kremlin"? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no yog lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv lub Senate Palace. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws qhov chaw yog nyob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, uas nws lub tsev hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv lub Annunciation, Archangel thiab Assumption Cathedrals. tseem ceeblub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin yog FSO - Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Ruaj Ntseg - tib qhov kev pabcuam uas tau tso siab rau lub luag haujlwm lub luag haujlwm - kev tiv thaiv cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab.

Ib qho ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws yog lub tsev cia puav pheej hu ua "Moscow Kremlin", ob peb yam uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Nws tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1806 thiab tseem yog ib qho ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau pom hauv Moscow.