Lazovsky Nature Reserve yog ib qhov chaw tiv thaiv qub tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Sab Hnub Tuaj. Nws tag nrho cheeb tsam yog 1200 square kilometers. Qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, yog ntau tshaj li thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev Singapore. Hauv tsab xov xwm no koj yuav pom cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog keeb kwm, zaub, tsiaj qus, noog thiab ntses ntawm Lazovsky Reserve. Qhov xwm ntawm lub ces kaum amazing ntawm Primorye yog tiag tiag tshwj xeeb thiab priceless. Vim li cas - nyeem rau.
Lazovsky Nature Reserve (Primorsky Territory): thaj chaw thiab huab cua
Thaj chaw tiv thaiv yog nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Sikhote-Alin roob toj siab, nyob rau hauv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob tus dej ntws - Chernaya thiab Kievka. Lub Lazovsky Reserve npog thaj tsam ntawm 1200 sq. km (los yog 121 txhiab ha). Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm nws ciam teb yog 240 kilometers. Thaj chaw ntawm cov ciam teb tau nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Nyiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws suav nrog cov Islands tuaj ntawm Beltsov thiab Petrov.
Chaw nyob ntawm chaw nyob: Russia, Primorsky Krai, Lazovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Geographic coordinates: 43° 14' sab qaum teblatitude; 133° 24 'Est. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom no ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Russia hauv qab no.
thaj chaw huab cua yog monsoonal. Lub caij ntuj no yog daus thiab txias, thaum lub caij ntuj sov sov thiab los nag. Kwv yees li 95% ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia yog nyob hauv hav zoov. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm spiky yew nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Far East tau khaws cia ntawm nws thaj chaw.
History of the reserve at the end of the ntiaj teb
Lub npe tag nrho ntawm thaj chaw no yog Lazovsky State Nature Reserve muaj npe tom qab. L. G. Kaplanova. Nws tau raug muab tso rau qeb siab tshaj IUCN - 1a (kev nruj nruj, kev tiv thaiv tag nrho).
Lazovsky xwm cia yog ib qho qub tshaj plaws hauv Primorye. Nws tau tsim muaj rov qab rau xyoo 1935 nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kawm kom ntxaws txog cov coniferous, broad-leaved thiab liana hav zoov ntawm sab qab teb Sikhote-Alin. Niaj hnub no lub cia muaj lub npe ntawm Lev Georgievich Kaplanov, ib tug naas ej Soviet zoologist thiab kws sau paj lug. Nws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw khaws cia los ntawm 1941 txog 1943. Nws kawm txog kev faib thiab kev ua neej ntawm tus Tsov thiab Amur goral.
Thaum tsov rog, cov neeg yos hav zoov tau pib ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw cia, uas Kaplanov nquag tawm tsam. Nco ntsoov, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tuag ntawm lawv txhais tes thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943.
Feem ntau, tus nqi ntawm thaj chaw no tau sau tseg los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb hauv nruab nrab xyoo pua 19th. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim thiab tsim thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm no tau qeeb heev. Lazovsky xwm cia tau txais nws txoj kev ywj pheej nkaus xwb hauv xyoo 1940 (ua ntej nws tsuas yog ib ceg ntawm Sikhote-Alinsky), thiab lub npe tam sim no.- peb xyoos tom qab.
Lub uniqueness ntawm natural complexes
Txog 20% ntawm txhua tus tsov hauv Primorye nyob hauv Lazovsky Reserve. Txhua xyoo, yim mus rau kaum rau tus neeg laus tau sau npe nyob hauv nws thaj tsam. Tab sis qhov kev cia siab no muaj txiaj ntsig tsis yog rau cov kab txaij xwb. Ntau lwm yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag muaj nuj nqis kuj nyob ntawm no. Ntawm lawv yog Far Eastern tsov txaij, Himalayan dais, Amur goral, loj heev shrew, Amur velvet, aralia, Manchurian walnut thiab lwm yam.
Lub ntiaj teb noog ntawm Lazovsky Reserve ntaus nrog nws ntau haiv neeg. Bustard, gyrfalcon, dawb-naped crane, mandarin duck, peregrine falcon, ntses plas, crested dav dawb hau, dub stork - qhov no tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov noog uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm no.
Lazovsky State Reserve yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws hauv Primorsky Krai. Nws tiv thaiv cov toj roob hauv pes tshwj xeeb - hav zoov Ussuri, uas tsis muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom tsim tau thiab muaj ntau haiv neeg hauv thaj chaw huab cua ntawm Eurasia. Ntxiv nrog rau cov hav zoov tshwj xeeb, cov ciam teb nyiam nrog nws cov toj roob hauv pes thiab zoo nkauj hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv nrog cov pob tsuas thiab pob zeb txawv txawv.
Lazovsky xwm cia: tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag
Muaj tag nrho 58 hom tsiaj nyob hauv thaj chaw cia. Ntau yam ntawm lawv yog cov tsis tshua muaj thiab txaus ntshai. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig "cov neeg nyob hauv" ntawm Lazovsky Reserve yog cov mos lwj sika, Amur goral thiab Amur tsov. Tag nrho cov no tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia.
dav sawv cev hauvLub fauna ntawm lub cia muaj xws li kab (txog 3000 hom) thiab noog (344 hom). Muaj 18 hom ntses pob txha nyob hauv tus dej. Ntawm no, ob hom yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv - lentil thiab Sakhalin sturgeon.
Tsis muaj tsawg nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg yog cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov cia. Nws yog sawv cev los ntawm 1200 hom nroj tsuag vascular, 1180 hom fungi thiab xya puas hom mosses thiab lichens. Ib tsob ntoo yew tshwj xeeb tau khaws cia ntawm no, lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo uas ncav cuag 250-300 xyoo. Cov nroj tsuag muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm Lazovsky Reserve:
- Amur linden.
- Manchurian walnut.
- Velvet Amur.
- Suav Schizandra.
- Scalloped ntoo qhib.
- Mongolian ntoo qhib.
Tom ntej no, peb yuav tham ntau ntxiv txog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm cov ciam teb no.
Tigers ntawm Lazovsky Reserve
Tau ntau pua xyoo, tsov nyob rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj raug tua tsis tau xav txog qhov tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, lub formidable predator nyob rau verge ntawm extinction nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no. Txog rau tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw khaws cia tau siv qhov kev pab cuam "Lazovsky Reserve - thaj chaw qauv rau kev txuag thiab nce ntawm tus Tsov."
Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov kws kho tsiaj, nrog rau kev txwv nruj rau kev yos hav zoov Amur tsov, cov tsiaj nyob hauv Far East tau nce ntau. Maj mam, tus kab txaij predator pib rov tsim nws qhov chaw nyob ib txwm muaj. Txhua xyoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub chaw khaws cia ob lossis peb tus tub ntawm Amur tsov, txhua tus tuaj yeem muaj txog 8 tus menyuam.
Raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb ntawm Lazovsky Reserve, lawv muaj cov duab ntawm txhua tus Tsov uas nyob hauv nws thaj chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsiaj nyeg tau paub siv "los ntawm kev pom", vim tias txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Tigers nyob rau hauv cia prey feem ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ungulates, badgers, raccoon aub, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus - ntawm cov qus boars thiab bears. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm tabby miv yog ua nrog kev pab los ntawm cov duab tsis siv neeg thiab cov koob yees duab video.
Amur Goral
Amur lossis sab hnub tuaj goral yog ib hom kab mob artiodactyl uas yog cov tshis subfamily. Kev txuag cov xwm txheej - hom kab mob yooj yim. Cov tsiaj muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia.
Nyob rau hauv tsos, Goral yog tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm antelope thiab ib tug tshis zoo tib yam. Qhov siab ntawm tus tsiaj ntawm withers yog mus txog 75 cm, qhov hnyav tsis ntau tshaj 42 kg. Lub cev ntawm goral yog them nrog tuab grey lossis liab plaub. Cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog lub taub dub tawv tawv ntev 15-18 centimeters.
Amur goral yog pom nyob rau hauv Khabarovsk thiab Primorsky cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv Kauslim Peninsula, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 750 tus neeg nyob hauv Lavxias Far East, feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob hauv kev khaws cia. Hauv Lazovsky Reserve, kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm kev ua kom cov neeg nyiam nyob hauv ib puag ncig.
Dahurian crane
Tus dawb-naped crane yog ib tug noog los ntawm tsev neeg crane, nws thaj tsam txwv rau East Asia. Nws pom nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub Lazovsky xwm cia. Qhov no yog heevCov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog, muaj kev phom sij, muaj npe nyob rau hauv International thiab Russian Red Book. Ornithologists kwv yees tias muaj li ntawm 5,000 dawb-naped cranes nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb.
Tus noog ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 190 centimeters thiab muaj xim txawv txawv. Koj tuaj yeem paub nws los ntawm cov yam ntxwv liab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij liab qab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag. Dawb-naped cranes yog monogamous, uas yog, lawv xaiv ib tug khub rau lawv tus kheej thiab rau lub neej. Cov noog no noj yuav luag txhua yam uas tuaj hla: nplej nplej, nplej, pob kws, rhizomes, kab, ntses thiab txawm cw.
Nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw tiv thaiv xwm txheej hauv tebchaws Russia, txhua qhov xwm txheej raug tsim los rau lawv tuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg so haujlwm. Lub Lazovsky Nature Reserve tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no. Kev ncig xyuas pab pawg, kev ncig xyuas tus kheej thiab ntau yam kev pab cuam ib puag ncig rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus raug teeb tsa thiab ua haujlwm ntawm no txhua xyoo puag ncig.
Xav kom koj so hauv qhov chaw cia tuaj yeem nyob ntawm no ob peb hnub. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj yeem nyob hauv lub tsev nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov ntawm Petrov cordon (tus nqi xauj tsev ib hnub yog 3,000 rubles), ntawm qhov chaw pw hav zoov ntawm Proselochny cordon, nrog rau cov chav so ntawm cov vaj tsev loj. Cov npe ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov kev pabcuam thiab tus nqi tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm Lazovsky Reserve.
Daim ntawv teev cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Plaub txoj kev ncig tebchaws tau tsim nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia. Koj yuav tsum txav mus nruj me ntsis raws txoj kev cim, txwv tsis pub koj yuav ntsib cov tsiaj qus txaus ntshai. sawing ntoo, tearingpaj, tawg ceg thiab ua hluav taws ntawm txoj kev, ntawm chav kawm, yog txwv tsis pub. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov kev taug kev hauv qhov chaw cia:
- Route No. 1. Roob "Vim" thiab "Stone-Brother" (21 km).
- Route No. 2. Huab Roob (11 km).
- Route No. 3. Snezhnaya Roob (12 km).
- Route No. 4. Milogradovka River.
Ntxiv rau txoj kev taug kev ecological, ecocenter thiab lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm xwm ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia, uas tseem yuav txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tuaj xyuas.
Yees Grove
Petrov Island yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw mus xyuas tshaj plaws hauv Lazovsky Reserve. Ntawm no, ntawm thaj chaw me me, ntau lub kaum os Phau Ntawv Liab cov nroj tsuag loj hlob. Cov xim ntawm tag nrho cov tourists yog attracted los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb yew grove. Qee tsob ntoo muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 800 xyoo.
Raws li ib qho version, ib tsob ntoo yew ntawm Petrov Island tau cog rau xyoo pua 8 los ntawm cov tub sab hauv hiav txwv Suav uas khiav tawm hauv Suav teb. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau dhau los ua qhov chaw cult uas muaj kev txi thiab lwm yam kev cai dab qhuas. Ua tsaug rau qhov qhib ntawm cov kob rau txhua qhov cua, cov ntoo ntawm cov ntoo tau txais cov duab txawv txawv tshaj plaws thiab cov qauv.
Ntxiv rau cov yew, lwm hom nroj tsuag ntxim nyiam tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov kob. Piv txwv li, eleutherococcus, ginseng, Suav magnolia vine, Manchurian cedar thiab lwm yam. Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov kob muaj lwm yam khoom tshwj xeeb - hu ua hu nkauj xuab zeb. Cov nplej dawb ntawm cov xuab zeb ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb thiab qhov loj me ua rau lub suab tshwj xeeb thaum ib tus neegces taug kev raws ntug hiav txwv.
Reserve Museum
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Xwm nyob rau hauv Lazovsky Reserve yog qhov chaw nyiam nyob hauv Primorye. Txog li 5,000 tus neeg tuaj xyuas nws txhua xyoo. Lub expositions ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej tau hloov kho tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv tuav cov lus qhuab qhia thematic thiab yav tsaus ntuj rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, kev mus ncig, kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv zos thiab lwm yam xwm txheej.
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas xyoo 1987. Txog rau tam sim no, qhov no yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws kom paub txog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm sab hnub tuaj Primorye. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lazovsky Reserve muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv video loj thiab cov ntaub ntawv nplua nuj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm thaj av no.
