Siberian lemming: piav qhia, yug me nyuam, khoom noj khoom haus

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Siberian lemming: piav qhia, yug me nyuam, khoom noj khoom haus
Siberian lemming: piav qhia, yug me nyuam, khoom noj khoom haus

Video: Siberian lemming: piav qhia, yug me nyuam, khoom noj khoom haus

Video: Siberian lemming: piav qhia, yug me nyuam, khoom noj khoom haus
Video: Fearless attack lemming - World's Weirdest Events: Episode 2 - BBC Two 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lemmings yog cov nas me uas nyob hauv hav zoov-tundra thiab tundra ntawm North America thiab Eurasia. Muaj ob peb hom tsiaj no. Yog li, Siberian lemming muaj ntau nyob rau hauv Kamchatka thiab ntau Arctic Islands tuaj, raws Arctic tundra.

Nyob hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsiaj no: lawv noj dab tsi, lawv zoo li cas, nyob thiab yug me nyuam.

siberian lemming
siberian lemming

Kev faib tawm

Qhov lemming no nyob hauv tundra ntawm Eurasia los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Northern Dvina thiab Onega mus rau qis dua ntawm Kolyma. Nws kuj nyob hauv cov Islands tuaj xws li Bely, Vaigach, Novosibirsk, Wrangel. Yeej, sab qab teb ciam teb ntawm ntau yam coincides nrog rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub hav zoov-tundra. Cov neeg nyob ib leeg tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv swampy taiga ntawm Kolyma Lowland.

Geographic variability

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov ntawv hauv av loj tau pom qhov loj me me nyob ntawm qhov kev taw qhia. Yog li ntawd, lub lemming nyob rau hauv lub tundra nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob nyob qhov loj tshaj plaws, txo nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj kev taw qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xim xim av-buffy hloov xim los ntawm cov xim dub txuas mus rau sab plhu, sab, thiab sab qis ntawm lub cev, thaum tsaus nti dorsal stripe ploj mus. Lub caij ntuj no xim hloov grey thiabbrightens. Hauv cov tsiaj ntawm New Siberian Islands tuaj, nws yuav luag dawb huv. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov ntaub ntawv cov kob loj dua li cov av loj.

lwm yam photo
lwm yam photo

Zoo

Lemming yog ib tug tsiaj uas yog ib tug luv luv-tailed nas: nws lub cev ntev mus txog 18 cm, thiab nws tus Tsov tus tw yog mus txog 17 hli. Nws nce mus txog qhov hnyav ntawm 130 g, thaum txiv neej yog 10% hnyav dua li poj niam. Lub suab nrov ntawm tus tsiaj yog liab-daj nrog me ntsis admixture ntawm brownish thiab grey tones. Ib txoj kab nyias dub khiav raws tus txha nraub qaum los ntawm lub qhov ntswg mus rau tus Tsov tus tw. Sab thiab ob sab plhu ntawm ib qho ntxoov ntxoo rusty; fawn-dawb lub plab, qee zaus nrog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm daj. Muaj cov kab txaij tsaus nti hauv thaj chaw pob ntseg thiab qhov muag.

Ib qhov chaw dub ntawm lub pob tw yog qhov raug rau tsiaj los ntawm. Wrangel thiab New Siberian Islands tuaj. Lub caij ntuj no pluab yog dimmer thiab sib dua li lub caij ntuj sov, qee zaus yuav luag dawb, nrog rau nyias kab txaij nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub teeb xim av xim av. Mainland subspecies yog me ntsis me dua mainland sawv daws yuav; maj mam ploj ntawm lub sawb thiab qhov txo qis hauv qhov loj yog pom nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Tus lej diploid ntawm chromosomes yog 50.

Reproduction

Siberian lemming yog qhov loj heev. Yog li, tus poj niam cuam 3 mus rau 5 cubs 6 zaug hauv ib xyoos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv muab ntau yooj yim hauv cov lej loj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj ib tug tsis muaj zaub mov, tom qab uas cov tsiaj ua loj tsiv teb tsaws, thaum tsiv nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj txoj kab, zoo li locusts, thiab devouring txhua yam lawv muaj peev xwm gnaw.

lemming nyob rau hauv lub tundra
lemming nyob rau hauv lub tundra

lemmings noj dab tsi?

Lawv feem ntau nojsedge, qee zaum twigs ntawm shrubs. Qee lub sij hawm, lawv kuj noj berries, kab, thiab gnaw ntawm mos lwj antlers poob los ntawm cov tsiaj ua ntej. Yog tias koj pom dab tsi lemmings noj nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias qee zaum lawv gnaw moss thiab moss hauv thaj tsam li ib 'meter' thiab ib nrab. Thaum cov daus yog me me, lawv feem ntau tuaj rau saum npoo av.

Kev ua neej

Ua ke nrog nqaim-skulled voles thiab ungulate lemmings, nws yog ib hom nas uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv tundra. Nws ncav cuag nws qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv polygonal, hummocky thiab ca tundra nrog ib tug zoo-tsim sedge-moss npog. Muaj ib tug lemming, daim duab uas yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, nyob rau hauv lub kwj ntawm lub pas dej thiab dej ntws, nyob rau hauv lub low-roob thiab foothill sedge-shrub tundra, nyob rau hauv wetlands. Nkag mus los ntawm cov swamps mus rau thaj tsam hav zoov.

Yam yuav tsum tau ua rau cov tsiaj nyob hauv tsev yog qhov muaj zaub mov thiab qhov chaw yooj yim rau kev tsim cov qhov (peat thiab av mounds, moss thiab sphagnum hauv ncoo). Nyob rau hauv lub polygonal tundra (nrog ib tug microrelief nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm loj polygons, uas yog tawg los ntawm Frost tawg), lub lemming (ib daim duab ntawm tus tsiaj yuav saib tau nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) nyob rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb ntawm peat txheej, thaum siv lawv. kom nrawm nrawm.

lemmings noj dab tsi
lemmings noj dab tsi

Ib yam ntxwv ntawm txoj kev ua neej ntawm cov tsiaj yog nyob hauv qab daus feem ntau ntawm lub xyoo. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, lawv raug khi rau ntau qhov chaw nrog cov daus npog ntawm 0.5-1 m: kwj txaj, ntug dej hiav txwv, qhuav tundra pas dej, thiab swampy lowlands. Lawv ua cov kab hauv qab daus, tsim cov zes kheej kheejlos ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag rags thiab khawb snow Chambers. Thaum lub caij ntuj no, Siberian lemming nyob muaj neeg coob coob.

Thaum cov daus yaj, dej nyab cov tsiaj txhu, thiab lawv tsiv mus rau thaj chaw thawed, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub caij ntuj sov. Nyob ntawd, cov burrows yooj yim yog khawb rau ntawm qhov siab me. Lawv kuj nyob ntau yam vaj tse ntuj tsim. Cov kab hauv av tau muab tso rau hauv qab qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv cov poj niam laus nyob rau hauv lub caij snowless, ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws yog zoo qhia; Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus cov txiv neej taug kev hauv thaj chaw tsis yooj yim, nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw nyob ib ntus.

Ntaus

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tsiaj txhu txawv heev: qee zaum lawv yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem ntsib, ib ntus (ib zaug txhua 5 xyoos) cov tsiaj scurry ncig, tsis ntshai tib neeg, thiab hnyav heev. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo no, tus naj npawb ntawm ungulate lemmings kuj nce nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw, thaum lub bank voles nyob rau hauv hav zoov.

yam tsiaj
yam tsiaj

Siberian lemming lub sij hawm no dej nyab lub roob hav thiab cov zos, qee zaum sim ua luam dej hla bays thiab dej ntws thiab ua rau tuag en masse. Nrog cov neeg coob coob, cov nas tsuag tsis nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam thiab ua phem rau ib leeg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, kev tsiv teb tsaws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, txawm hais tias txhua qhov lemming yeej txav ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tsuas yog kev cuam tshuam sab nraud qee zaum ua rau lawv sib sau ua ke.

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