Komi koom pheej yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias Federation, ib feem ntawm Northwestern Federal District.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Thaj chaw nyob hauv Europe ntawm lub tebchaws, nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, sab hnub poob ntawm Urals. Thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws yog 416.8 txhiab sq. km. Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws yog Syktyvkar - lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws, Vorkuta, Sosnogorsk, Inta, Ukhta, Vuktyl, Usinsk thiab Pechora. Cov koom pheej Komi ciam teb rau ntawm Yamalo-Nenets, Nenets thiab Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, Arkhangelsk, Kirov thiab Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam, thiab Perm Territory.
72% ntawm thaj av thaj chaw yog npog los ntawm hav zoov. Lub roob Ural stretch raws ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Komi koom pheej. Lwm qhov kev kawm yog swamps, tundra nrog reindeer pastures thiab hav zoov tundra. Muaj ob tug dej loj ntawm no: Vychegda thiab Pechora. Cov koom pheej Komi yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub pas dej tob.
Lub Tebchaws Komi yog nyob rau thaj tsam huab cua sov thiab subarctic, yog li muaj qhov ntev, lub caij ntuj no txias, thiab lub caij ntuj sov, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, txias thiab luv. Muaj kev hloov pauv sai sai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias atmospheric siab, cyclones,dej nag hnyav.
Kev kawm yog nyob hauv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 130 haiv neeg! 65% ntawm lawv yog Russians. Hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg Komi, lawv 24%. Belarusians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Komi-Izhma, Chuvash, Mari, Bashkirs, Mordovians, Udmurts, Nenets, Komi-Permyaks thiab lwm yam kuj nyob ntawm no.
History
Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, thaj chaw yog ib feem ntawm Novgorod koom pheej, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau lub xeev Muscovite. Furs yog thawj zaug xa tawm los ntawm no, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov roj pib muab rho tawm ze ntawm tus dej Ukhta. Vim muaj huab cua hnyav heev, muaj tsawg tus neeg nyob hauv thaj av ntawd.
Nyob rau thaum ntxov 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, thee tau pom nyob rau hauv Komi koom pheej, tab sis nws tau pib mined thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim los thauj cov ntoo, roj thiab thee.
Tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR hauv 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev kub ntxhov tau pib hauv kev lag luam ntawm tebchaws.
Natural resources
Cov peev txheej ntxhia ntawm Komi koom pheej ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau lub tebchaws. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj av muaj ib lub pas dej loj loj, lub xeev roj thiab roj thiab roj shale bass - lub teb chaws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv roj thiab lub zog kev pab cuam.
Cov ntsiab lus muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob loj thiab cov shale, peat, ferrous thiab non-ferrous hlau, tsis tshua muaj, tawg thiab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb hlau, hlau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab pob zeb diamond. Titanium, manganese, chromite thiab aluminium ores yog ntau.
Non-metallic minerals ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi yuav siv tau raws li mining, tshuaj, mining,piezo-optical thiab quartz raw khoom. Muaj cov khoom siv rau metallurgy, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, pob zeb semi-precious thiab ntxhia siv raw cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev lag luam ntoo yog tsim heev hauv tebchaws. Thaj tsam ntawm tag nrho cov hav zoov yog 38.9 lab hectares. Kuj tseem muaj ntau cov ntxhia, dej tshiab thiab kev lag luam hauv av hauv Komi koom pheej.
YCombustible minerals
Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Komi koom pheej yog fossil fuels. Tshwj xeeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los faib cov coal bearing deposits. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Pechora thee phiab. Muaj 213 billion tons ntawm geological reserves ntawm thee, uas tsuas yog 9 billion tau tshawb pom.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Nenets Autonomous Okrug thiab Komi yog Timan-Pechora roj thiab roj xeev, 60% ntawm nws cov peev txheej yog roj. Nws cov geological reserves yog 4 billion tons. Tseem muaj yuav luag 3 trillion m3 hydrocarbon gases.
On Timan, nyob ze ntawm lub zos Nyamed hauv lub phiab ntawm tus dej Izhma, muaj kev lag luam tso nyiaj ntawm asph altites - khoom ntuj bitumen. Nws yog ib yam khoom ntawm ib tug muaj zog hypergeneous hloov ntawm cov roj nyob ze lub ntiaj teb nto. Asph altites sib sau ze ntawm cov roj outcrops nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm reservoir deposits. Timanskoye teb yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia.
Peat yog ib pob zeb sedimentary tsim los ntawm tsub zuj zuj ntawm undecomposed nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv ib tug swamp. Peat bogs ua ntau tshaj 10% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom pheej, vim hais tiasmuaj ntau reserves ntawm peat - txog 1 billion tons.
Roj shale deposit - plaub lub phiab: Bolshezemelsky, Izhemsky, Yarengsky thiab Sysolsky. Roj shales yog sedimentary minerals, muaj cov organic teeb meem thiab ntxhia (siliceous, av nplaum, thiab lwm yam) qhov chaw.
mining thiab chemical raw khoom
Minerals ntawm koom pheej ntawm Komi kuj sawv cev los ntawm cov mining thiab tshuaj raw khoom. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, phosphorites. Lawv tab tom tsim nyob rau hauv Pai-Khoi, Polar Urals, Timan, thiab nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm tus Vym thiab Sysola dej ntws.
Ntshav ntau lawm hauv cheeb tsam txij li xyoo pua 12th. Kev lag luam khaws cia ntawm pob zeb thiab potash ntsev deposits nyob ze ntawm lub zos Seregovo thiab cov nyiaj rau 2.7 billion tons. Txhua xyoo, kwv yees li 6,000 tons ntawm cov ntsev noj tau los ntawm nws.
Hauv Komi koom pheej muaj ob qhov tso nyiaj ntawm barite - ntuj barium sulfate. Cov nyiaj khaws cia ntawm Khoilinskoye tso nyiaj yuav luag 40 lab tons, nws nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Vorkuta. Palninskoye teb muaj me me reserves - nyob ib ncig ntawm 17 lab tons.
Ib qho me me ntawm cov neeg muaj leej faj tau pom nyob rau ntawm Northern Keltma River nyob rau yav qab teb Timan.
Mining raw khoom
Nyob hauv lub xeev Ural-Novaya Zemlya, cov pob zeb loj ntawm fluorite paub - calcium fluoride, pob zeb pob tshab lossis pob zeb nrog lub iav ci thiab ntau xim. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav deposits yog Amderma, qhov seem reserves nyob rau hauv nws yog ntau tshaj 1.5 lab tons.
Txoj kev pob zeb siv lead ua nyob rau hauv roobSubpolar Urals tau pom nyob rau hauv 1927. Raws li piezo-optical raw khoom, siv lead ua tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s. Nyob rau sab qaum teb Timan, cov pob zeb me me ntawm cov siv lead ua muaj nyob hauv agate tonsils.
Natural stone materials
Cov ntaub ntawv pob zeb ntuj muaj nyob hauv thaj av, xws li limestone thiab dolomite - magnesium thiab calcium carbonates. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob yog Belgopskoye. Nws nyob hauv thaj av Ukhta, nws cov peev txheej muaj ntau dua 15 lab m3.
Gypsum yog cov khoom siv pob zeb ntuj, cov ntxhia los ntawm cov chav kawm sulphate, uas yog mined ntawm ob qhov tso nyiaj. Ntawm Ust-Tsilemsky, nws cov peev txheej yog 70 lab tons, ntawm Izhma - ntau dua 150 lab tons.
Lub Tebchaws Komi yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv sandstones, quartzite thiab crystalline pob zeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Pechora muaj Voyskoye deposits, uas muaj loj reserves ntawm quartz iav sandstones.
Gemstone raw khoom
Ib pawg ntxiv ntawm cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws yog txiav pob zeb. Cov no suav nrog, piv txwv li, rubies, prehnites, quartz, amber thiab garnets. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ntau yam ntawm quartz muaj nyob rau hauv Subpolar Urals, rubies hauv Polar Urals, thiab prehnites, txhuas thiab calcium silicates nyob rau sab qaum teb Timan.
pob zeb zoo nkauj muaj xws li marble, agate, jade, serpentinite, jadeite thiab jasper. Agate reserves tau tshawb fawb hauv Timan thiab Polar Urals, thiab jasper hauv Pai-Khoi. Hauv Polar thiab Subpolar Urals koj tuaj yeem pom cov pob zeb marble: grey - zentawm Seida-Labytnangi railway, daj thiab grey - nyob rau sab qab teb Timan thiab ze ntawm Khalmer-Yu chaw nres tsheb. Serpentinites tau pom nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm Bolshoi Patok, Vangyr thiab Kosyu dej nyob rau hauv lub Subpolar Urals, thaum jadeite thiab jade deposits tau pom nyob rau hauv lub Polar Urals.
Cov peev txheej Mineral ntawm Koom pheej ntawm Komi tau sawv cev txawm tias yog pob zeb diamond. Ntawm no lawv pom nyob rau hauv Devonian thiab paleo placers, tsawg dua nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab Middle Timan nyob rau hauv niaj hnub placers, tsis tshua pom muaj nyob rau hauv Northern Urals.
Ore minerals
Lub cheeb tsam muaj ntau qhov tso nyiaj ntawm titanium ore, kwv yees li 30% ntawm tag nrho cov peev ntawm CIS lub teb chaws. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav ntau tshaj plaws yog Yaregskoye. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm leucoxene ntawm no yog 20-30%.
Aluminium ores muaj nyob rau hauv Komi koom pheej. Ib lub xeev loj bauxite-cov kabmob tau pom nyob rau hauv Middle thiab South Timan ob peb xyoos dhau los.
kub ores feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv Polar thiab Subpolar Urals, nrog rau hauv Timan. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws yog cov chaw tsim khoom kub ntawm Timan nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus dej Tsilma, Nivshera thiab Pizhma thiab hauv Kozhym dej phwj.
Zoo kawg
Lub Komi koom pheej muaj cov roj, roj thiab thee. Vim lub ntim ntawm combustible minerals, lub cheeb tsam tuaj yeem hu ua lub hauv paus roj tseem ceeb ntawm North ntawm European ib feem ntawm Russia. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, hav zoov thiab dej muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus.
