Dab neeg txaus ntshai heev yog cov lus nug seb nab puas muaj tshuaj lom, yuav ua li cas cais lawv ntawm vipers. Tab sis cov tsiaj reptiles ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm scaly nab muaj cov cwj pwm ntxim nyiam, txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej, thiab kev noj haus. Tsev neeg nab muaj ntau heev. Muaj ntau tshaj 1500 hom ntawm lawv. Cov nab nyob hauv txhua lub tebchaws tshwj tsis yog Antarctica, lawv nyob hauv ntau lub biotopes, suav nrog cov suab puam. Cov kiv cua ntawm tsev terrariums zoo siab los yug cov tsiaj reptiles. Snakes yog unpretentious, thiab kev saib xyuas rau lawv yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Nws yog terrariumists uas txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws txog cov lus nug ntawm thaum twg thiab qhov twg nab nteg lawv cov qe, yuav ua li cas kom tau txais cov xeeb ntxwv noj qab haus huv. Cia peb tshawb xyuas qhov teeb meem no.
Nyob nab
Raws li tau hais lawm, qhov no yog tsev neeg loj heev. Nws muab faib ua peb pawg: tiag tiag, cuav nab thiab nab nrog copperheads. Xav txog thawj lub genus Natrix. Cov no yog nab tiag. Kuj tseem muaj ntau pua hom. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog Natrix natrix, lossis ib qho. Nws muaj nyob thoob plaws Europe (tshwj tsis yog Far North). Nws yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no uas peb tsim ib lub tswv yim ntawm \u200b\u200b nws yog dab tsi tiag. Daim duab ntawm tus nab me me nrog daj "pob ntseg" ua haujlwm ua "identikit" rau tag nrho tsev neeg. Kev xav yuam kev! Muaj ntau hom nab uas tsis muaj xim daj - piv txwv li, Natris tesselata, uas nyob hauv lub pas dej ntawm Western Europe, Moldova thiab Ukraine. Tsis hais nab, es nab loj, thiab copperheads. Tab sis lawv kuj yog cov nab. Ntsib nrog cov tsev neeg sib txawv no thiab hom kab mob lom. Nws tsuas yog tias lawv qhov zais cia tsis muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg thiab, qhov phem tshaj plaws, tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua rau o ntawm qhov chaw tom.
Yuav ua li cas qhia ib tug nab los ntawm ib tug viper
Ob lub txiv kab ntxwv ci los yog xim daj ntawm ob sab ntawm lub taub hau tsis yog qhov cim tshwj xeeb xwb. Hauv cov nab, tsawg kawg yog nab tiag, nrog rau qee qhov cuav, cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog puag ncig. Whereas nyob rau hauv vipers - slit-zoo li, vertically nyob. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov sib txawv no yog txoj cai nkaus xwb hauv peb lub tebchaws. Nyob rau hauv lub tropics, muaj nab nrog slit-zoo li cov menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov xim ntawm viper - dub lossis grey tsaus - tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab nraub qaum thiab sab ntawm nws cov khoom tsis yog venomous. Yog li cas hom nab muaj nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws? Natrix yog qhov dav tshaj plaws nyob rau sab Europe ntawm Russia. Sab qaum teb ciam teb ntawm nws thaj tsam yog latitude ntawm Vologda. Ib qho dej yog ntau dua thermophilic. Hauv peb lub tebchaws, nws pom tsuas yog nyob rau sab qab teb Volga thaj av, Kuban thiab Don. Thiab, thaum kawg, Rhabdophis tigrina, tsov nab, muaj nyob hauv Primorsky Krai. Cov hom no tsim nyog tau txais kev hais tshwj xeeb. Qhov no yog ib tug conditionally poisonous nab ntev 110 centimeters. Yogyog hais tias nws tom ib tus neeg uas muaj cov hniav luv luv, ces cov qhov txhab me me thiab tsis muaj cov tsos mob lom. Tab sis tso ib tug ntiv tes rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm ib tug tsov nab tsis pom zoo - nyob rau hauv lub literal siab. Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm nws caj pas (nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv) kuj muaj tshuaj lom cov hniav. Qhov zais cia ua rau muaj tshuaj lom uas hnyav npaum li tus viper tom.
Nyob qhov twg
Twb, hom tsiaj uas nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw, mus txog rau cov suab puam, txawm li cas los xij "hlub" dej. Nws prefers moist, swampy forests los yog grasslands. Tus nab nyob ze ntawm lub reservoirs, thiab cov nab dej nyob hauv lawv. Tab sis lawv noj prey, thiab ntau dua li, cov tsiaj reptiles nteg lawv cov qe rau hauv av. Tsob ntoo nab muaj nyob rau hauv tropical latitudes. Interestingly, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem nkag mus. Nce toj lub cev, qhov no freezes, noj nyob rau hauv zoo li ib tug ceg, saib noog. Mus down, tus nab cos nce thiab dhia. Hauv kev ya davhlau, nws straightens lub cev, kos hauv plab thiab kis cov tav. Nws hloov tawm ib yam dab tsi zoo li gutter-hang glider, slowing down lub caij nplooj zeeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntoo nab, cov menyuam kawm ntawv kuj yog slit-zoo li, tab sis nyob rau hauv kab rov tav, uas tso cai rau koj mus saib ib tug peb-dimensional duab. Tus nab zoo tib yam, cov lus piav qhia uas peb tau muab, tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm ib thiab ib nrab meters. Nws yog qhov nthuav vim nws tsis txaj muag ntawm tib neeg kev nyob. Poj niam txawm tso qe rau hauv qaib coop.
Yuav noj dab tsi
Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles yog qav, toads, amphibians. Txawm li cas los xij, nws noj dab tsi yog nyob ntawm nws cov biotypes.chaw nyob. Hauv semi-deserts, nws pub rau cov nas me me, qe, thiab kab. Hauv toj siab, nws cov khoom noj muaj xws li lizards thiab txawm nab. Tsob ntoo nab noj geckos, skinks, gaping noog. Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov tsiaj hauv dej yog 60 feem pua cov ntses me. Cov tub hluas nab noj tadpoles, kab, newt larvae. Muaj ntau hom "nqi tshwj xeeb". Piv txwv li, cov nab rog taub hau uas nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia tuaj yeem tau cov qwj tawm ntawm lawv lub plhaub. Lawv lo ob tug hniav pem hauv ntej rau hauv lub cev mos ntawm mollusk thiab pib tig zoo li corkscrew. Qe noj nab nyob thoob plaws teb chaws Africa. Cov no yog cov nab me (75 cm siab tshaj). Tab sis lawv tuaj yeem nqos cov qe qaib. Tus nab tsuas stretches ntawm tus tsiaj zoo li ib tug stocking. Hauv nws txoj hlab pas muaj "tus hniav" - txheej txheem ntawm tus txha nraub qaum uas tho lub qe. Cov kua dej ntws mus rau hauv lub plab, thiab tus nab nplawm tawm lub plhaub flattened.
Ib tug neeg yuav ntsib ib tug nab ntau dua ib tug viper. Tab sis muaj tsawg lub sijhawm los ntes nws, vim tias cov tsiaj reptiles no agile heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv paub tias nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus nrog ib tug neeg lawv tsis muaj dab tsi los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nrog. Koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov nab nrog daj "pob ntseg" ze ntawm tsev, nrog rau hauv haylofts qhov twg nab nteg qe. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov nab nkag mus rau bask ntawm thawed thaj ua rau thaj, ntawm stumps thiab txawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Thaum ntsib nrog tus neeg sib tw loj, nws twb siv lub tswv yim nthuav hu ua "akineza" - kev tuag cuav. Nws hloov tawm nws muaj nws convincingly: lub cev zoo li ib txoj hlua tsis muaj sia, lub qhov muag tau dov, lub qhov ncauj yog convulsively qhib, tus nplaig tau poob tawm. Qee tus neeglawv tseem tuaj yeem tso ob peb tee ntshav tawm ntawm lawv lub qhov ncauj. Rau kev yaum kom zoo dua, muaj ntxhiab tsw zais zais tawm ntawm qhov quav. Tsawg tus neeg yuav muaj lub siab xav khaws ib nrab-decomposed corpse. Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum koj tsiv mus deb txaus, tus creeping "Laxalus" sawv rov los thiab ya mus.
Npaj
Cov no yog nab loj ncav cuag ob lossis ntau dua meters ntev. Lawv kuj muaj ob peb lub kaum os. Lawv kuj muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Far East. Hauv thaj av ntawm nab, nab yog cov sprinters zoo heev. Cov neeg me nyiam khiav tawm, tab sis cov loj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua phem rau tib neeg. Txawm hais tias cov nab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, lawv cov hniav loj, zoo li dev tuaj yeem ua rau mob. Tshwj xeeb yog txhoj puab heev yog lub daj-bellied nab, uas yog pom nyob rau hauv Ukraine, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub Transcaucasus thiab nyob rau hauv peb Lower Volga cheeb tsam mus txog rau lub Ural River. Thaum cornered, nws rushes txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag. Tus nab pom tsis poob qab nws hauv kev xav sawv ntsug rau nws tus kheej. Nws thaj chaw yog Central Asia. Thiab tus nab loj tshaj plaws uas tsis yog venomous (tshwj tsis yog, ntawm chav kawm, koj suav pythons thiab boas) yog tus nab qhov muag loj. Nws ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm peb thiab ib nrab meters.
Yees Ceramic
Nov yog ib qho me me. Daim duab qhia tau hais tias tus nab liab lossis xim av tsuas yog 50 cm ntev, uas muaj qhov tsaus me me raws nws nraub qaum. Cov ntses tooj liab nyob hauv clearings thiab hav zoov glades, nyob rau hauv meadows thiab nyob rau hauv steppes. Nws qhov chaw nyob yog los ntawm Scandinavia thiab thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Peb muaj nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Viperophobes mercilessly tua copperheads, confuse lawv nrog tshuaj lom nab. Thiabhauv vain. Copperheads lawv tus kheej noj vipers, thiab qee zaum tua cov neeg laus. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj tshuaj lom. Tab sis nws tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav txias - qhov tom ntawm cov ntses tooj liab tua lizards hauv ib lub vib nas this. Tab sis rau tib neeg, nws tsis muaj teeb meem kiag li. Cov nab cuav ntawm Latin America - mussurans - noj tshwj xeeb rau cov nab muaj lom. Qhov zoo no yog siv los ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb hauv Brazil thiab Argentina. Lawv yug Mussuran los tiv thaiv lawv lub tsev thiab pab tsiaj los ntawm cov nab muaj lom, uas tus nab cuav no noj.
Reproduction
Cov tsiaj reptiles no nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, feem ntau yog lub Plaub Hlis. Terrariumists yuav tsum coj qhov no mus rau hauv tus account. "Wintering" - kev tu tsiaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab +10 degrees rau ib hlis - yuav ua rau kom muaj kev vam meej. Kev sib yuav ua si rau nab tshwm sim yam tsis muaj frills ntau. Tus txiv neej, mus cuag nws tus poj niam loj dua, ua rau nws lub taub hau nrog lub suab nrov. Yog tias nws coj tus cwj pwm tsis zoo, nws los ze nws thiab nias nws lub cev qis tawm tsam nws. Qee zaum cov neeg thov rau ib tug poj niam muaj ntau tshaj li ib tug. Tom qab ntawd cov nab tsim lub npe hu ua "nupial ball". Txiv neej tsis sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv tsuas yog sim thawb tus yeeb ncuab rov qab thiab txuas ntxiv kev sib tw lawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob (piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug terrarium), ob litters ib xyoos yuav ua tau tiav. Yog hais tias lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum ntxov muab txoj hauv kev rau Frost, kev yug me nyuam ntawm uas tsis yog ib txwm raug rau lub sijhawm kawg, tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm tso qe. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug nthuav txheej txheem ntawm incubation tsis tiav tshwm sim. Embryos loj hlob hauv cov qe loj hauv niam lub cev.
Kev cev xeeb tub thiab yug menyuambrood
Kev cev xeeb tub kav ntev li peb lub hlis. Snakes nteg lawv cov qe nyob rau hauv cov khoom dag, tsob ntoo hauv paus, hauv qhov khoob khoob, quav, lossis hauv cov khib nyiab rotting. Tus nab nab nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus poj niam. Ib tug nab mus txog 70 cm ntev nteg txog 10 qe, ntau tshaj ib 'meter' - 15-30. Nyob rau hauv lub plhaub yog ib tug loj yolk surrounded los ntawm ib tug nyias txheej ntawm protein. Cov qe ntawm cov nyom nyom zoo ib yam li cov nquab. Tab sis lawv yog fastened "nyob rau hauv cov hlaws" nrog ib tug gelatinous tshuaj. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub sijhawm thaum cov nab nteg qe thiab thaum cov me nyuam tshwm, peb lub lis piam dhau mus. Cov menyuam yug tshiab yog 15 centimeters ntev, tab sis twb tau ua tiav tag nrho. Lawv noj worms, qwj thiab ntau yam kab. Cov tub ntxhais hluas loj hlob tau yooj yim tamed, noj zaub mov ntawm tes.
