Tick habitats. Encephalitis zuam: chaw nyob

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Tsis ntev los no, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg yws txog zuam tom. Thiab nws yog qhov zoo yog tias qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov arthropod no ua tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim. Tab sis feem ntau nws tshwm sim tias ib tug neeg kis tus kab mob hnyav, yog li cov zuam raug kho nrog ceev faj. Thiab yog tias koj dheev tshwm sim los ua ib tus neeg raug tsim txom ntawm cov kab no, koj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob sai. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov chaw nyob ntawm zuam, nrog rau txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv lawv.

Ntxhais neeg tuag taus

Nyob hauv ntiaj teb fauna muaj tsawg kawg yog 40 txhiab hom zuam, ntawm cov uas kawm tsis zoo, thiab cov pab pawg tshiab kuj tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog cov tsev neeg ntau haiv neeg ntawm arthropods uas tau nyob hauv peb lub ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, lawv noj cov av fungi, cov nroj tsuag seem thiab me me arthropods. Qee cov zuam tau yoog rau cov ntshav ntawm cov tsiaj. Lawv hu ua parasites. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog ixodid, suav nrog 680 hom. Muaj cov chaw nyob rau cov zuam ntawm pawg ixodid ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, suav nrog Antarctica.

Dab tsi txaus ntshai arthropod tom

Ixodes hom kab mob parasites yog tus nqa ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob:

- zuam-borne encephalitis;

- zuam-borne typhus;

- tularemia;

- zuam-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease);

- Q fever;

- mob npaws mob npaws;

- ehrlichiosis;

- hemorrhagic fever.

Ntawm cov kab mob no, ob hom zuam yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kis mob: taiga thiab European hav zoov. Lawv yog cov loj heev ntawm ntau hom.

Thaum zuam tshwm

Thaum pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg laus yog pom thaum cov av sov txog 5-7 degrees Celsius, qhov pib lub sijhawm no poob rau thaum pib lossis nruab nrab Lub Plaub Hlis, nyob ntawm huab cua. Tus naj npawb ntawm zuam pib nce sai thiab nce mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, tseem tshuav siab kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab - kawg ntawm Lub Rau Hli. Ntxiv dua thiab, nyob ntawm huab cua. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov as-ham tau muab pov tseg, thiab cov mites pib tuag sai sai. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj qee tus neeg tuaj yeem pom txawm tias txog thaum lub Cuaj Hli kawg.

How ticks attack

Parasite pw tos lawv cov tsiaj, nyob rau hauv cov nyom los yog zaum ntawm ceg los yog sticks. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov chaw nyob zuam nyiam, koj tuaj yeem zam lawv qhov kev tawm tsam. Lawv tsis yog txawb heev thiab npog qhov deb tsis tshaj 10 meters hauv lawv lub neej.

Thaum cov tsiaj nyaum los ze, cov zuam coj lub cev tos: zoo li ntawm ob txhais ceg pem hauv ntejolfactory organs nyob, ces lawv rub tawm thiab tsav lawv los ntawm ib sab mus rau sab, txiav txim siab cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw. Lub sijhawm thaum tus neeg lossis tsiaj hla dhau, cov neeg nqus ntshav tau nthuav tawm ob txhais ceg pem hauv ntej, nruab nrog claws thiab nqus, thiab khi rau tus neeg raug tsim txom.

Yuav ua li cas tom qab kev tawm tsam

Tom qab muaj "tus tswv", cov kab mob tab tom nrhiav rau qhov chaw nkag siab tshaj plaws. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev txog 40 feeb. Yog li ntawd, txawm tias tus zuam twb nyob rau ntawm ib tug neeg, nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom thiab tshem tawm ua ntej nqus. Tau txais cov khaub ncaws, arthropods pib nrhiav kev nkag mus rau lub cev, uas lawv nkag mus rau hauv hnab ris thiab seams. Raws li rau tib neeg, feem ntau cov zuam nyiam nyob hauv cov tawv taub hau, ze ntawm auricles, ntawm caj dab, hauv caj dab, ntawm lub hauv siab, nraub qaum thiab hauv pliaj. Tsiaj txhu feem ntau raug tom hauv caj dab lossis lub taub hau, qhov twg nws nyuaj rau ncav cuag lawv nrog cov hniav.

Thaum tom, zuam txhaj tshuaj loog. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsis xav tias nws raug tawm tsam.

Nrhiav qhov chaw pub, zuam hlais ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog lawv cov proboscises thiab, ncav cuag cov hlab ntsha, pib nqus ntshav. Thawj qhov tawg ntawm cov qaub ncaug uas ua rau lub qhov ncauj mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab cov proboscis lub nraub qaum-ntsib serrations pab kom ruaj ntseg rau hauv qhov chaw.

Poj niam nqus ntshav li 6 hnub, thaum txiv neej xav tau sijhawm noj tsawg dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntim ntawm zuam nce mus rau qhov loj ntawm phalanx ntawm tus ntiv tes me me, thiab qhov hnyav dhau los ua ib puas.lub sij hawm ntau dua li ua ntej nqus.

Yuav ua li cas yog raug zuam tom?

Yog tias koj pom tus kab mob cab hauv koj lub cev, koj yuav tsum xub mus rau tom tsev kho mob. Qhov no ua tiav sai dua, qhov tsawg dua nws yuav kis tus kab mob tic-borne encephalitis. Yog tias tsis tuaj yeem mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd tom qab noj, koj yuav tsum tshem tus neeg nqus ntshav tom koj tus kheej.

Nws yog txwv tsis pub nyem cov zuam tawm, vim yog tias nws tawg, tus kab mob yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntshav sai, thiab cov kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem zam tau. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm cov kab mob cab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog coj cov xov thiab khi ib lub pob kom ze li sai tau rau lub proboscis ntawm bloodsucker, ces maj mam rub tus zuam nrog kev sib hloov. Koj tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no sai sai, vim tias lub taub hau tuaj yeem tawm thiab nyob hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau kho qhov chaw tom nrog cawv thiab tshem tawm lub taub hau nrog ib rab koob tsis muaj menyuam, zoo li lub splinter.

Tom qab cov zuam raug tshem tawm lawm, lub qhov txhab yuav tsum tau kho nrog cawv lossis iodine. Thiab muab cov cab cab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv thiab coj mus rau qhov chaw kuaj mob microscopic diagnostics. Tseem ceeb: nws yuav tsum raug xa mus rau nws qhov chaw muaj sia nyob kom cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas nws.

Tick tom tiv thaiv

Txhawm rau zam kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kab mob cab, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus pom zoo yooj yim thaum mus rau tom hav zoov thiab lwm qhov chaw nyob ntawm zuam. Cov khaub ncaws yuav tsum yog xim xim, vim nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj kom pom cov kab mob ntawm nws. Lub tes tsho ntev thiab lub hood (los yog headpiece) yuav tsum tau. Koj tsis tuaj yeem hnav luv luv thiab nthuav tawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, ris yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov thom khwm. Khau kuj yuav tsum kaw.

Txhua 10-15 feeb koj yuav tsum tau tshuaj xyuas cov khaub ncaws. Tom qab qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov zuam raug tso tseg, kev kuaj xyuas kom meej txog qhov muaj kab mob hauv lub cev yuav tsum tau ua. Co tawm cov khaub ncaws ntawm txoj kev, ua tib zoo comb tawm cov plaub hau, tshuaj xyuas lub caj dab, armpits, auricles thiab inguinal cheeb tsam. Nws yog cov chaw no uas haum tshaj plaws rau nqus ntshav nqus, vim tias daim tawv nqaij nyias nyias.

Zaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb

Kab mob uas muaj tus kab mob encephalitis muaj nyob thoob plaws yuav luag tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm Eurasia, tab sis lawv feem ntau nyob rau sab qab teb, npog nrog hav zoov. Ticks nyiam ya raws, vim qhov no, lawv cov naj npawb yog siab tshaj hauv qhov chaw zoo moistened. Nws tuaj yeem yog hav zoov deciduous lossis sib xyaw. Ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo me ntsis, ntub lossis nrog cov nyom tuab.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob muaj nyob hauv hav zoov hav zoov, ntug dej, ntawm ntug dej hav zoov lossis ntawm cov nyom hav zoov. Qhov chaw nrov tshaj plaws rau cov zuam yog txoj hauv kev hav zoov, nyob rau sab ntawm cov nyom overgrowth stretches. Nws tsis tsim nyog cia siab tias cov nyom thiab hav dej tau raug tso tseg yam tsis muaj cov kab mob no. Tseem muaj ntau.

Muaj kev ntseeg yuam kev tias cov zuam encephalitic tuaj yeem tawm tsam los ntawm cov ntoo, xws li birches. Peb twb tau tham txog nws qhov chaw nyob, peb yuav tsis rov ua dua. Yog lawm, kab mob kuj pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov birch, tab sis lawv dhia tsis tau. Tau txais ib tus neeg, tus zuam nkag mus rau cov khaub ncaws, thiab feem ntautwb pom ntawm lub taub hau lawm. Yog li ntawd, zoo li nws poob saum toj no.

Thaum kawg, cia peb tham txog qhov twg hauv peb lub tebchaws no tus kab mob no feem ntau "tua". Qhov chaw nyob ntawm zuam nyob rau hauv Russia yog European ib feem, Siberia thiab Far East. Qhov feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob encephalitic hauv cheeb tsam sib txawv yog txawv. Yog li, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ntawm lawv, tsuas yog ob peb feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm zuam raug kaw.