Nceb txawv txav: duab thiab npe

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Cov nceb tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus, noj tau, ua khawv koob, zoo nkauj kawg, thiab tsis paub meej. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav saib cov nceb txawv txawv tshaj plaws. Cov duab nrog lub npe tseem yuav nthuav tawm.

Panellus stipticus (panellus)

hom kab no yog ib txwm nyob rau Europe, Australia, North America thiab Asia. Xws li cov nceb txawv txawv tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv pawg ntawm stumps, cav thiab ntoo trunks, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm birches, beeches thiab oaks.

Lactarius indigo (blue milkweed)

Ib hom nceb zoo nkauj uas loj hlob nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm North America, ntxiv rau, hauv Asia thiab Central America. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv av nyob rau hauv coniferous thiab deciduous hav zoov. Cov nceb tshiab muaj xim xiav tsaus, thaum cov nceb qub muaj xim daj ntseg. Cov mis nyuj uas cov nceb txawv txawv secrete thaum tawg los yog txiav kuj yog xim xiav. Lub hau ntawm txoj kab uas hla mus txog 15 cm, ceg yog mus txog 8 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, thiab mus txog rau 2.5 cm nyob rau hauv thickness, lub nceb yog noj. Nws yog muag hauv khw hauv Mexico, Tuam Tshoj thiab Guatemala.

Tremella mesenterica (txiv kab ntxwv tshee)

Cov nceb no loj hlob ntau dua ntawm cov ntoo tuag, nrog rau ntawm lawv cov ceg ntoo. Txiv kab ntxwv-daj gelatinous lub cev muaj ib tug sinuous nto uas yuav nplua thiab nplaum thaum nws los nag. Cov nceb txawv txawv no loj hlob hauv cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov tawv ntoo thiab tshwm thaum los nag. Tom qab cov nag dhau los, nws qhuav, tig mus rau hauv ib qho wrinkled lossis nyias zaj duab xis, tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm cov dej noo. Nws tau dav faib rau hauv hav zoov sib xyaw, thaj chaw kub thiab txias, suav nrog Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, South thiab North America. Cov nceb tuaj yeem siv ua zaub mov, tab sis nws tsis qab.

Clavaria zollingeri (xim av daj clavaria)

Ntawm no yog qhov zoo sib xws. Cov nceb txawv txawv no muaj lub cev pinkish-lilac lossis liab doog lub cev uas loj hlob mus txog 10 cm siab thiab mus txog 7 cm dav. Nws yog hom saprobic uas absorbs cov as-ham los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Feem ntau loj hlob hauv av.

Rhodotus palmatus (rhodotus)

Xav txog cov nceb txawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais qhov no. Nws yog tib tug tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg Physalacriaceae. Me ntsis dav. Nws tau sau nyob rau hauv North Africa, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm North America thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, ntawm no nws cov lej tau poob sai heev. Nws tsuas yog loj hlob ntawm cav thiab stumps ntawm cov ntoo tawv tawv. Cov neeg laus muaj qhov txawv ntawm "venous" yam ntxwvnto thiab pinkish xim.

Geastrum saccatum

Loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo lwj hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America. Mushroom pickers xav tias nws tsis tsim nyog rau zaub mov vim nws iab saj. Qhov no yog hom hom, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov nqi hauv lub Yim Hli. Nws ntseeg tau tias lub qhov, nyob rau ntawm txheej txheej ntawm nws lub cev, muaj lub hnub qub zoo li zoo li vim yog kev sau ntawm calcium oxalate, uas tshwm sim ua ntej nws qhib. Cov nceb no hauv Brazil hu ua "lub hnub qub ntawm lub ntiaj teb."

Aseroe rubra (sea anemone)

Lub hiav txwv anemone yog qhov ntau thiab pom tau zoo vim yog cov duab ntawm cov ntses hnub qub thiab nws cov ntxhiab tsw tsw ntxhiab tsw. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv hav zoov hauv pem teb hauv lub vaj, zoo li lub hnub qub ci liab, npog nrog cov xim av xim av rau saum, thiab muaj qia dawb. Txaus ntshai yoov.

Polyporus squamosus (scaly tinder fungus)

Ntawm no oddly zoo li tus nceb yog ib hom dav dav uas loj hlob hauv Europe, Australia, North America thiab Asia. Lawv ua rau dawb rot ntawm ntoo. "Dryad Saddle" yog nws lwm lub npe, uas yog hais txog cov dryads los ntawm Greek mythology uas tuaj yeem caij cov nceb no.

YClavulinopsis corallinorosacea (coral fungus)

Npauj npaim hu tau zoo heev vim nws zoo ib yam li hiav txwv coral. Lawv yog txiv kab ntxwv ci,liab los yog daj. Lawv feem ntau loj hlob hauv hav zoov qub. Tib lub sijhawm, qee cov coral fungi yog symbiotic, thaum lwm tus yog saprotrophic lossis parasitic.

Amanita caesarea (Caesar nceb)

Cov no yog cov nceb noj tau txawv txawv heev nyob rau North America thiab Southern Europe. Lawv tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv 1772 los ntawm Giovanni Antonio Scopoli. Cov nceb muaj lub ci txiv kab ntxwv cap, spore-cov kabmob daj daim hlau thiab ib ceg. Nws nyiam cov neeg Loos thaum ub heev, hu nws tias "Boletus."

Lycoperdon umbrinum (xim av puffball)

hom kab mob no loj hlob hauv North America, Europe thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nws tsis muaj lub hau qhib. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim hauv nws, nyob rau hauv lub cev elastic spherical. Spores, maturing, tsim ib tug gleba nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub cev, uas muaj ib tug yam ntxwv zoo nkauj thiab xim.

Mycena interrupta (Mycena)

Thaum kuaj cov nceb txawv txawv tshaj plaws, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais txog mycene. Nws loj hlob hauv New Zealand, New Caledonia, Australia thiab Chile. Lub kaus mom nce mus txog 2 cm. Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub nceb tshwm, lawv muaj ib tug spherical zoo, thaum expanding raws li lawv mature. Cov kaus mom zoo li nplua thiab nplaum.

Morchella conica (conical morel)

Cov no yog cov nceb noj tau txawv txawv, nco txog qhov saum toj ntawm lub honeycomb. Lawv muaj ib tug network ntawm wavy strips uas muaj kab noj hniav me me ntawm lawv. Morel conical yog txaus siab heev los ntawm gourmets, nyob rau hauv Fabkis cuisine tshwj xeeb. Nws yog nrov heev ntawm cov nceb pickers vim nws saj qab ntxiag.

Xanthoria elegans

Cov nceb no tsuas yog cog rau ntawm pob zeb, ze rau cov nas burrows lossis noog perches. Nws yog lichen hauv qhov xwm txheej. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov lichens ntxov tshaj plaws siv hauv kev sib tham pob zeb nto. Nws loj hlob qeeb heev (0.5 hli ib xyoos), tom qab 10 xyoo nws txoj kev loj hlob qeeb dua.

Amanita muscaria (Amanita muscaria)

Cov yoov nto moo agaric yog ib qho kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lom basidiomycete. Lub kaus mom liab nrog cov dots dawb tawg tawm ntawm nws - leej twg tsis tau pom ya agaric? Nws yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov nceb nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Xws li cov nceb txawv txawv loj hlob hauv Transbaikalia, nrog rau thoob plaws sab qaum teb Hemisphere. Txawm hais tias yoov agaric suav hais tias yog tshuaj lom, tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb tias muaj kev lom, thaum qee qhov ntawm North America, Asia thiab Europe feem ntau noj tom qab blanching. Nws muaj cov nyhuv hallucinogenic, vim nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog muscimol. Nws yog siv los ua ib qho entheogen los ntawm qee tus Siberians, thiab hauv cov kab lis kev cai no nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg.

Gyromitra esculenta (false morel)

Nws zoo ib yam li lub paj hlwb, tsuas yog xim av lossis ntshav tsaus. Nws tseem hu ua "steak" vim hais tias, thaum npaj kom zoo, nwsyog delicacy. Yog tias koj tsis muaj peev xwm ua cov nceb no, ces cov zaub mov no tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Nws yog tshuaj lom thaum nyoos thiab yuav tsum tau steamed ua ntej siv hauv daim ntawv qhia.

Trametes versicolor

Peb txuas ntxiv mus kawm cov nceb txawv txawv, cov duab nrog cov npe uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no. Trametes ntau xim loj hlob nyob txhua qhov chaw. Nws loj hlob tsuas yog nyob rau hauv trunks ntawm cov ntoo tuag thiab yog tshwj xeeb rau nws ci, muaj yeeb yuj kab txaij. Hauv kev nkag siab ib txwm, nws yog inedible, txawm hais tias nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv classical suav tshuaj. Tsis ntev tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb pom tau tias cov tshuaj muaj nyob hauv cov kab mob no txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv kev kho mob oncology.

Hericium erinaceus (Lionberry)

Npauj npaim no tseem hu ua " tsov ntxhuav lub mane", "bearded tooth" thiab "liab taub hau". Tab sis thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tsis muaj kev koom tes nrog cov fungus. Nws loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo, tab sis thaum siav, nws zoo li cov nqaij nruab deg hauv kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim. Cov nceb tsis tsuas yog qab qab heev, tab sis kuj yog siv hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj classic, txo cov ntshav qabzib thiab muaj cov khoom zoo antioxidant.

Entoloma hochstetteri (lub ntuj xiav nceb)

Cov nceb txawv txawv, cov duab uas muaj nyob hauv kab lus, suav nrog ntuj xiav hauv lawv cov npe. Covcov nceb nyob hauv Is Nrias teb thiab hauv hav zoov ntawm New Zealand. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tshuaj lom, txawm hais tias nws cov tshuaj toxicity tsis to taub. Cov fungus tau txais nws cov xim xiav tshwj xeeb vim cov xim azulin, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev fruiting. Nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam marine invertebrates.

Chorioactis (dab ntxwg nyoog cigar)

Lub hnub qub-zoo li nceb, hu ua "dab ntxwg nyoog luam yeeb", suav hais tias yog ib qho tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tseem hu ua "Star of Texas" thiab pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeev no, nyob rau hauv 2 thaj chaw deb ntawm Nyiv thiab nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm Nara. Yog tias peb xav txog cov nceb ntawm ib qho txawv txawv, ces qhov no yog ib qho chaw tsim nyog ntawm daim ntawv teev npe. Nws yog ib lub cigar-zoo li xim av capsule uas siv cov duab ntawm lub hnub qub thaum qhib kom tso nws cov spores. Amazing fact: nws yog ib tug nceb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas ua ib tug whistling suab thaum tso nws spores.

Mutinus caninus (dog mutinus)

Tus nceb no hu ua "dog mutinus". Nws zoo li ib tug phallus-puab slender hav zoov nceb nrog ib tug tsaus nti. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv pawg me nyob rau hauv ib tug deciduous heap los yog ntoo hmoov av, nws muaj peev xwm pom nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab lub caij ntuj sov nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj North America thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Hom fungus no tsis haum rau zaub mov.

Nidulariaceae (noog lub zes)

Nyob hauv kab lus no, peb tau saib cov nceb txawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais qhov nodaim ntawv. Cov noog lub zes yog ib pawg me me ntawm cov pwm uas feem ntau pom hauv New Zealand. Lawv tshuav lawv lub npe rau lawv cov tsos, uas zoo li lub zes nrog me noog qe. Daim ntawv no yog siv los ntawm cov fungus kom kis tau nws cov spores - cov dej los nag tau squirted tawm nyob rau hauv siab nrog rau cov spores ntawm qhov deb txog li 1 meter.

Hydnellum peckii (los ntshav hniav)

Cov nceb txawv txawv hauv ntiaj teb no loj hlob hauv hav zoov coniferous ntawm Asmeskas thiab Europe, nrog rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific. Lawv kuj tsis ntev los no tau pom hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim thiab Iran. Cov nceb muaj qhov txaus ntshai heev - ntawm qhov chaw dawb velvety, tee ntawm cov kua liab lossis liab liab zoo li ntshav tshwm los ntawm nws qhov hws.

Cov nceb tsis muaj tshuaj lom, txawm tias koj tsis tas yuav sim nws, vim nws muaj qhov tsw qab los ntshai tsam cov tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas cov kua dej no thiab pom tias nws muaj atromentin, ib yam khoom uas tiv thaiv kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws thiab ntshav txhaws sai.

Nyob hauv kab lus no, peb tau saib cov nceb txawv txawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog amazing thiab txawm appetizing. Tab sis ceev faj heev thaum noj nceb - qee qhov ntawm lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab ua rau tuag taus.