Niaj hnub nimno nroog architecture raws li kev tshawb fawb thiab kos duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:00

Lub nroog niaj hnub niaj hnub tab tom hloov kho nrog kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua ntawm nroog kab lis kev cai, kev lag luam, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom tsim khoom hauv zej zog. Kev vam meej thiab thev naus laus zis nrawm nrawm thiab txhawb kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov nroog qub thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshiab.

Lub nroog architecture: qee cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Kev tsim kho hauv nroog yog tsim los nthuav cov kev tsim kho vaj tsev thiab chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg, los tsim cov vaj tsev tshiab. Nws lwm yam, tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los khaws cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub nroog, tswj hwm nws qhov chaw qub.

Lub nroog niaj hnub no suav nrog kev tsim kho vaj tse. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los tsim thiab txhim kho kev ua neej nyob rau pej xeem, khaws cia tej yam ntuj tso nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam.

Ntau lub nroog tom qab-Soviet tau tsim ua raws li tus qauv tsim thiab yog li tseem muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws. Monotonous Soviet vaj tse tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua lub tebchaws CIS, tsis yog Kazakhstan, Armenia lossis Russia. Tab sis muaj ib lub nroog nrog nwsNtau txhiab thiab txhiab tus neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb npau suav ntsib qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws - qhov no yog Moscow.

Architecture ntawm lub nroog Moscow

Moscow yog "qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb", nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj ncig txhua xyoo. Moscow architecture tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib hom keeb kwm keeb kwm uas khaws cov yeej thiab kev swb, kev tu siab thiab kev xyiv fab ntawm tag nrho lub neej ntev ntawm lub peev. tau tshwm sim ntau pua xyoo. Tag nrho cov xwm txheej tshwm sim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm theem ntawm lub teb chaws, ib txoj kev los yog lwm yam, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tsos ntawm peb lub nroog. Lub xyoo pua 15th imprinted nws tus kheej mus ntev nrog lub pob zeb architecture ntawm Assumption Cathedral thiab lub Kremlin. Kev kav ntawm Catherine lub Great tau nco txog thaum yug los ntawm classicism - Senate, Bolshoi Theatre, Pashkov Tsev thiab Tsaritsyno Travel Palace.

Tom qab kev tsov rog Patriotic xyoo 1812, lub peev tau rov tsim dua. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm, Igumnov lub tsev tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, Art Nouveau tau tshwm sim, nws cov piv txwv yog National, Metropol, Yaroslavl Chaw nres tsheb cov chaw ntiav pw. Lub xyoo pua 21st tau ua rau muaj kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub, nrog nws cov skyscrapers, iav facades, khw chaw thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm siab, uas nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ntxiv rau ntau lub koom haum architectural ntawm Moscow.

Modern architecture as art

Lub nroog niaj hnub no koom nrog kev tsim cov chaw nyob sab nraud ntawm tib neeg los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab kev saib xyuas cov vaj tsev qub. Daim duab no suav nrog peb yam tseem ceeb:

• Kev Npaj Hauv Nroog - kev tsim thiab tsim kho vaj tse.
• Architecture ntawm peb-dimensional qauv - tsim cov tsev nyob thiab pej xeem, cov tuam txhab lag luam.
• Landscape architecture - npaj ntawm squares, chaw ua si, pej xeem vaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw tsim khoom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob hauv. Nrog rau lwm yam, nws pab txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev xav.

Tshuaj nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture

Nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws, lub architecture ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub hu ua txawv. Peb hu nws "modern", nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees "art nouveau", nyob rau hauv Fabkis "art nouveau". Art Nouveau, raws li kev tsim vaj tsev, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 19th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tawm tsam tawm tsam tsim, archaic zoo li ntawm cov tsev. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho nyob rau hauv cov style no, steel, pob zeb, iav, thiab tom qab ntawd yas thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv technology pib siv rau thawj zaug. Qhov style no txawv tsis yog los ntawm kev zoo nkauj sab nraud thiab kev xav ua haujlwm. Tom ntej no tom qab modernity, nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, constructivism tau tsim, uas absorbed "sul" ntawm lub yeej proletariat. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua haujlwm rau kev tsim khoom tshiab. Thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho, cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog siv. Raws li cov kev tsim kho vaj tse, tsis yog tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag thiab cov chaw tsim khoom tsim, tab sis kuj yog cov tsev nyob, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, cov koom haum.

Qhov kawg ntawm 40s tau cim los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov sib txawv me me hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, uas tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1960. Txoj kev ntseeg ntawm cov minimalist yog "Tsis muaj dab tsisuperfluous!" Lub tsev ntawm lub sij hawm no yog laconic, lawv tsis muaj décor thiab lwm yam tshaj. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv minimalist yog kev tshawb nrhiav qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev faib ua feem, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev ua haujlwm, hauv kev nkag siab ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub architecture tsis tau tso tseg. Minimalism tsis ntev los no tau dhau los lawm, thiab nws tau hloov los ntawm niaj hnub hi-tech style, uas tau ntau xyoo tau dhau los ua kev tsim kho hauv nroog.

Hi-tech - lub nroog niaj hnub

Qhov tsim ntawm lub tswv yim no tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas nrog cov txiv neej niaj hnub. Hlau, iav, ultra-niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv, monolithic cov ntaub ntawv, lub zog thiab lub zog embodied nyob rau hauv lub tsev - qhov no yog lub high-tech style. Nws suav nrog peb sub-directions: industrial, bionic thiab geometric high-tech.

Kev taw qhia kev lag luam yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm hom kev tsim qauv ncaj ncees. Nws flaunts txhua qhov kev sib txuas lus, kev sib txuas, sib tshooj, tsim kho kom zoo nkauj thiab ua haujlwm raws li lawv.

Geometric high-tech yog ntau yam duab geometric, kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws thiab txawv txawv.

Bionic hi-tech yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm cov tsiaj qus, kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov tsev thiab cov tsev nrog kev pab cuam ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kab yam ntxwv ntawm cov xwm txheej.