USSR thiab Asmeskas yog ob lub ntiaj teb superpowers uas tau sib tw ua tus thawj coj hauv txhua yam los ntawm lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog mus txog thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam no yog kev lag luam. Tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb heev tau muab rau GDP ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas. Kev sib piv ntawm cov ntsuas no yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog hauv kev tshaj tawm ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyiaj txiag no, peb tuaj yeem tam sim no, dhau ntawm daim ntaub thaiv ntawm xyoo dhau los, rov qab kho lub xeev tiag tiag hauv cov tebchaws uas tab tom kawm. Yog li, GDP ntawm USSR thiab Tebchaws Meskas yog dab tsi thaum lub sijhawm lawv sib tw?
Lub tswvyim ntawm cov khoom lag luam tag nrho
Tab sis ua ntej peb txheeb xyuas GDP ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas, cia peb tshawb xyuas seb lub tswv yim no yog dab tsi thiab hom twg muaj nyob.
Gross domestic product (GDP) yog tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov khoom thiab cov kev pab cuam uas tsim nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev los yog cheeb tsam. Yog tias peb faib tag nrho GDP los ntawm cov pej xeem nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw uas nws nyob, ces peb tau txais cov khoom lag luam tag nrho ib tus neeg.
Cov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj: npe thiab kev yuav khoom lub zog sib luag. Cov khoom nominal tag nrho yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws txiaj, los yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub txiaj ntawm ib yam dab tsilwm lub teb chaws ntawm tus nqi taag. Thaum xam GDP ntawm kev yuav lub hwj chim sib npaug, qhov piv ntawm cov nyiaj rau ib leeg ntawm kev yuav lub hwj chim nrog rau ib yam khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam raug muab rau hauv tus account.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov ntsuas kev lag luam ua ntej Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas poob rau lub sijhawm tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, rau qhov ua tiav nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los saib seb lawv GDP hloov pauv li cas hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th..
Lub sijhawm ua ntej tsov rog nyuaj heev rau kev lag luam ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, lub sij hawm no, lub teb chaws tau rebuilt tom qab tsov rog Civil tsov rog, uas ua rau, ntawm lwm yam, ob lub sij hawm muaj kev tshaib kev nqhis nyob rau hauv 1922 thiab 1932-1933, thiab lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv 1929-1932 tau ntsib ib lub sij hawm ntawm nws. keeb kwm hu ua Kev Nyuaj Siab Loj.
Feem ntau, kev lag luam ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet poob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog US GDP tam sim tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog xyoo 1922. Rov qab thaum ntawd, GDP hauv tebchaws tsuas yog kwv yees li 13% ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej, lub USSR tau pib txo cov backlog sai sai. Los ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog ua ntej xyoo 1940, GDP ntawm USSR tau sib npaug li $ 417 billion nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Asmeskas txiaj, uas twb yog 44% ntawm US daim duab. Ntawd yog, cov neeg Amelikas lub sijhawm ntawd muaj cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb txog $ 950 billion.
Tab sis kev tsov rog tshwm sim ua rau kev lag luam ntawm USSR mob ntau dua li Asmeskas. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm simncaj qha rau thaj tsam ntawm Soviet Union, thiab Tebchaws Meskas tsuas yog tawm tsam txawv teb chaws. Thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, USSR's GDP tsuas yog kwv yees li 17% ntawm Asmeskas cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb. Tab sis, dua, tom qab kev rov qab los ntawm kev tsim khoom pib, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev lag luam ntawm ob lub xeev tau pib txo qis.
PIB 1950-1970
Hauv xyoo 1950, feem ntawm USSR hauv ntiaj teb GDP yog 9.6%. Qhov no yog 35% ntawm US GDP, qis dua qib ua ntej ua tsov rog, tab sis tseem ntau dua li thawj xyoo tom qab tsov rog.
Nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom lag luam tag nrho ntawm ob lub tebchaws loj, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog USSR thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas, tau nce zuj zus, txawm tias tsis tau nrawm npaum li yav dhau los. Los ntawm 1970, lub Soviet GDP yog kwv yees li 40% ntawm lub tebchaws United States, uas twb heev impressive.
GDP ntawm USSR tom qab xyoo 1970
Txhua yam peb xav paub txog lub xeev kev lag luam ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas tom qab xyoo 1970 txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej ntawm Soviet Union, thaum kev sib tw ntawm lawv mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, rau lub sijhawm no, peb xav txog GDP ntawm USSR los ntawm xyoo. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav ua tib yam nrog cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws Meskas. Zoo, nyob rau theem kawg, cia peb piv cov txiaj ntsig no.
GDP ntawm USSR rau xyoo 1970 - 1990 hauv lab daus las:
- 1970 - 433,400;
- 1971 - 455,600;
- 1972 - 515,800;
- 1973 - 617,800;
- 1974 - 616,600;
- 1975 - 686,000;
- 1976 - 688,500;
- 1977 - 738,400;
- 1978 - 840100;
- 1979 - 901 600;
- 1980 - 940,000;
- 1981 - 906 900;
- 1982 - 959,900;
- 1983 - 993,000;
- 1984 - 938,300;
- 1985 - 914 100;
- 1986 - 946,900;
- 1987 - 888 300;
- 1988 - 866,900;
- 1989 - 862,000;
- 1990 - 778 400.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, xyoo 1970 tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws USSR yog 433,400 lab daus las. Txog xyoo 1973, nws tau nce mus txog $ 617,800. Xyoo 1980, GDP tau nce mus txog qib 940,000 lab nyiaj daus las, tab sis xyoo tom ntej muaj kev poob qis - 906,900 lab nyiaj daus las, qhov xwm txheej no cuam tshuam nrog kev poob qis hauv ntiaj teb cov nqi roj. Tab sis, peb yuav tsum them tribute rau qhov tseeb hais tias twb nyob rau hauv 1982, GDP resumed kev loj hlob. Xyoo 1983, nws tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws - 993,000 lab nyiaj daus las, qhov no yog tus nqi loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau tag nrho lub neej ntawm Soviet Union.
Tab sis xyoo tom ntej, qhov yuav luag tsis tu ncua pib, uas qhia meej txog lub xeev kev lag luam ntawm USSR ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Tsuas yog ntu ntawm kev loj hlob luv luv tau pom nyob rau xyoo 1986. GDP ntawm USSR xyoo 1990 yog $ 778,400 lab. Nws yog lub thib xya loj tshaj plaws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab tag nrho cov feem ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no cov khoom tag nrho yog 3.4%. Yog li, yog tias piv nrog xyoo 1970, cov khoom lag luam tag nrho tau nce $ 345,000 lab, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, pib txij xyoo 1982, nws poob los ntawm $ 559,600 lab.
Tab sis ntawm no koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account ib qho ntxiv, tus duas, zoo li txhua yam txiaj, yuav raug nce nqi. Yog li ntawd, 778,400 lab nyiaj hauv xyoo 1990, hais txog tus nqi hauv xyoo 1970, yuav sib npaug li 1,092 lab las. Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, qhov no, txij xyoo 1970 txog 1990, peb yuav soj ntsuam qhov nce hauv GDP ntawm 658,600 lab. nyiaj.
Peb suav tias tus nqi ntawm nominal GDP, tab sis yog tias peb tham txog GDP ntawm kev yuav lub hwj chim sib npaug, ces xyoo 1990 nws yog 1971.5 billion las.
tag nrho cov khoom lag luam rau ib tus neeg koom pheej
Tam sim no cia peb saib ntau npaum li cas xyoo 1990 USSR's GDP tau nyob hauv tebchaws, lossis ntau npaum li cas, nyob rau hauv feem pua, txhua qhov kev kawm ntawm Union muab tso rau hauv tag nrho lub txhab nyiaj piggy ntawm cov nyiaj tau los tag nrho.
Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov lauj kaub, tau kawg, tau coj cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws thiab muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws - RSFSR. Nws feem yog 60.33%. Tom qab ntawd tuaj thib ob feem ntau muaj neeg coob thiab peb lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws - Ukraine. Cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm USSR yog 17.8% ntawm tag nrho-Union. Hauv qhov thib peb yog lub tebchaws loj thib ob - Kazakhstan (6.8%).
Lwm cov koom pheej muaj cov ntsuas hauv qab no:
- Belarus - 2.7%.
- Uzbekistan - 2%.
- Azerbaijan - 1.9%.
- Lithuania - 1.7%.
- Georgia - 1.2%.
- Turkmenistan - 1%.
- Latvia – 1%.
- Estonia - 0.7%.
- Moldova - 0.7%.
- Tajikistan - 0.6%.
- Kyrgyzstan - 0.5%.
- Armenia - 0.4%.
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, feem ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm tag nrho-Union GDP yogntau tshaj tag nrho lwm cov koom pheej ua ke. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Ukraine thiab Kazakhstan kuj muaj feem ntau ntawm GDP. Lwm yam kev kawm ntawm USSR - tsawg dua.
Cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb niaj hnub ntawm yav dhau los Soviet koom pheej
Rau daim duab puv npo, cia peb saib GDP ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm lub qub USSR niaj hnub no. Wb txiav txim siab seb qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov qub Soviet koom pheej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tag nrho cov khoom domestic tau hloov.
GDP raws li IMF rau 2015:
- Russia - $1325 billion
- Kazakhstan - $ 173 billion
- Ukraine - $90.5 billion
- Uzbekistan - $ 65.7 billion
- Belarus - $ 54.6 billion
- Azerbaijan - $ 54.0 billion
- Lithuania - $ 41.3 billion
- Turkmenistan - $ 35.7 billion
- Latvia - $27.0 nphom
- Estonia - $ 22.7 billion
- Georgia – $14.0 billion
- Armenia - $ 10.6 billion
- Tajikistan - $ 7.82 billion
- Kyrgyzstan - $ 6.65 billion
- Moldova - $ 6.41 billion
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, Russia tseem yog tus thawj coj tsis ntseeg txog GDP ntawm USSR lub tebchaws. Tam sim no, nws cov khoom lag luam tag nrho yog 1325 billion las, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus nominal yog ntau tshaj li nws tau nyob rau hauv 1990 tag nrho rau lub Soviet Union. Kazakhstan tuaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thib ob, ua ntej ntawm Ukraine. Uzbekistan thiab Belarus kuj hloov chaw. Azerbaijan thiab Lithuania tseem nyob hauv tib qhov chaw uas lawv nyob hauv lub sijhawm Soviet. Tab sis Georgia pom tau tias swb, cia Turkmenistan, Latvia thiab Estonia mus ua ntej. Moldova tau poob mus rau qhov chaw kawg ntawm cov tebchaws tom qab-Soviet. Thiab nws ncorau pem hauv ntej, Armenia, uas yog kawg nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm GDP, raws li zoo raws li Tajikistan thiab Kyrgyzstan.
US GDP ntawm 1970 txog 1990
Tam sim no cia peb saib cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws Asmeskas thoob plaws lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm USSR los ntawm 1970 txog 1990.
US GDP dynamics, mln USD:
- 1970 - 1,075,900.
- 1971 - 1,167,800.
- 1972 - 1,282,400.
- 1973 - 1,428,500.
- 1974 - 1,548,800.
- 1975 - 1,688,900.
- 1976 - 1,877,600.
- 1977 - 2,086,000.
- 1978 - 2,356,600.
- 1979 - 2,632,100.
- 1980 - 2,862,500.
- 1981 - 3,211,000.
- 1982 - 3,345,000.
- 1983 - 3,638,100.
- 1984 - 4,040,700.
- 1985 - 4,346,700.
- 1986 - 4,590,200.
- 1987 - 4,870,200.
- 1988 - 5,252,600.
- 1989 - 5,657,700.
- 1990 - 5,979,600.
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, qhov nominal GDP ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, sib piv rau cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws USSR, tau loj hlob tsis tu ncua los ntawm 1970 txog 1990. Tshaj 20 xyoo, nws tau nce $ 4,903,700 lab
theem tam sim no ntawm Asmeskas kev lag luam
Txij li thaum peb twb tau saib lub xeev tam sim no ntawm theem ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws hauv tebchaws tom qab-Soviet, peb yuav tsum paub tias Tebchaws Meskas ua li cas rau qhov teebmeem no. Raws li IMF, US GDP hauv 2015 yog $ 17,947 billion, ntau dua peb npaug ntawm qhov nws nyob hauv 1990.
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus nqi no yog ob peb zaug ntau dua li GDP ntawm txhua lub tebchaws tom qab-Soviet ua ke, suav nrog Russia.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1970 txog 1990
Yog peb sib piv cov theem GDP ntawm USSR thiab US rau lub sij hawm ntawm 1970 txog 1990, peb yuav pom tias yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub USSR, pib los ntawm 1982, tag nrho cov khoom pib poob, ces. nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nws tsis tu ncua.
Hauv xyoo 1970, tag nrho cov khoom lag luam hauv tebchaws USSR yog 40.3% ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, thiab xyoo 1990 nws tsuas yog 13.0%. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntuj, qhov sib txawv ntawm GDP ntawm ob lub tebchaws mus txog $ 5,201,200 lab
Rau siv: Russia lub GDP tam sim no tsuas yog 7.4% ntawm US GDP. Qhov ntawd yog, hauv qhov no, qhov xwm txheej, piv rau xyoo 1990, tau hnyav zuj zus ntxiv.
Cov lus xaus dav dav ntawm GDP ntawm USSR thiab Asmeskas
Thiab thoob plaws lub tebchaws ntawm USSR, nws cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau qis dua qhov loj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo zoo tshaj plaws rau lub Soviet Union, nws yog hais txog ib nrab ntawm lub US tag nrho cov khoom siv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm phem tshaj plaws, uas yog tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, thiab ua ntej kev sib tsoo ntawm Lub Koom Haum, qib tau nqis mus rau 13%.
Kev sim kom ncav cuag Tebchaws Meskas raws li kev txhim kho kev lag luam tau xaus rau hauv kev ua tsis tiav, thiab thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, USSR tau tso tseg los ua ib lub xeev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, xyoo 1990, qhov xwm txheej nrog qhov piv ntawm GDP ntawm USSR rau GDP ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yog kwv yees li ntawm theem ntawm qhov xwm txheej tom qab Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zaum Ob.
GDP qib ntawm niaj hnub Russia ntau duantau tom qab Asmeskas cov ntsuas ntau dua li nws tau nyob hauv 1990 hauv USSR. Tab sis muaj lub hom phiaj yog vim li cas rau qhov no, txij li tam sim no Russia tsis suav nrog cov koom pheej uas tsim los ntawm Soviet Union thiab kuj tau pab nyiaj txiag ntawm tag nrho GDP.
