Qhov twg yog tus dej Yenisei. Yenisei River: qhov chaw thiab qhov ncauj

Cov txheej txheem:

Qhov twg yog tus dej Yenisei. Yenisei River: qhov chaw thiab qhov ncauj
Qhov twg yog tus dej Yenisei. Yenisei River: qhov chaw thiab qhov ncauj

Video: Qhov twg yog tus dej Yenisei. Yenisei River: qhov chaw thiab qhov ncauj

Video: Qhov twg yog tus dej Yenisei. Yenisei River: qhov chaw thiab qhov ncauj
Video: Tus dej dag koj ntws qhov twg lo rau peb teb chaw 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lub Yenisei muaj zog nqa nws cov dej mus rau hauv Hiav Txwv Kara (sab ntug hiav txwv Arctic). Cov ntaub ntawv raug cai (State Register of Water Bodies) tsim: lub hauv paus ntawm Yenisei River yog qhov sib txuam ntawm Me thiab Loj Yenisei. Tab sis tsis yog txhua tus geography pom zoo rau qhov no. Teb cov lus nug "Qhov twg yog lub hauv paus ntawm Yenisei River?", lawv qhia lwm qhov chaw ntawm daim duab qhia chaw, muab lwm cov qauv rau kev ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm tus dej thiab, vim li ntawd, lwm yam hydrological yam ntxwv.

Qee yam ntawm Yenisei

Yenisei dej. Qhov ncauj thiab qhov ncauj
Yenisei dej. Qhov ncauj thiab qhov ncauj

Hais txog hydrogeological ntsuas ntawm cov dej ntau, Yenisei yog tus thawj coj ntawm 5 tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.

Indicators Unit rev. Yenisei Lena Ob Cupid Volga
cube km 624 488 400 350 250
Kev noj nruab nrab cube m/s 19870 16300 12600 11400 8060
thaj chaw Catchment thous. sq. km 2580 2490 2990 1855 1360
Course length thous. km 3487 3448 3650 2824 3531

Lwm yam

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tsis pom zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug cai thiab coj mus rau lwm qhov chaw raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Yenisei River, sib cav tias qhov chaw ntawm tus dej pib los ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj qhov dej tsis tu ncua kom pom tseeb. Nws tuaj yeem yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, cov kwj dej ntws los ntawm qhov dej ntws, lub pas dej lossis los ntawm hauv qab dej khov.

Qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River
Qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River

Lub rooj qhia tau hais tias qhov ntev ntawm cov dej tau lees paub. Rau Yenisei, Lena, Amur thiab Ob, qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov tributaries loj nyob rau sab saud yog coj los ua lawv qhov pib. Piv txwv li, qee cov kws paub txog thaj chaw xav tias Irtysh River yog qhov chaw ntawm Ob. Tom qab ntawd peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov ntev ntawm Ob ntawm 5410 km. Thaum pib ntawm Katun ua qhov chaw ntawm Ob, peb tau 4338 km. Raws li tuaj yeem pom, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob qho tib si sib txawv yuav txawv ntawm cov nom tswv, nyob ntawm seb qhov twg yog xoom thaum ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm cov dej ntws. Piv txwv nrog kev ntsuas ntawm Cupid qhov ntev yog qhov zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev dej sau npe, qhov ntev qhia - 2824 km - yog txiav txim los ntawm lub confluence ntawm lub Shilka nrog lub Argun, thiab yog hais tias cov kilometers raug suav los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub Argun, ces qhov ntev ntawm lub Amur yog 4440 km. Qhov tseeb qhov chaw ntawm Lena pib ntawm altitude nrog ib tug cim ntawm 1680 m, thiab nyob rau hauv official cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug taw tes nrog ib tug ntsug cim ntawm 1480 m, yog li ntawd, qhov ntev ntawm lub Lena nyob rau hauv av yog me ntsis ntau tshaj 3448 km.

kwv yees kwv yees

Cia peb suav qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev dej raws li txoj cai no, siv qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 605 km raws li lub hauv paus ntawm Yenisei River, siv cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov ntev ntawm Bolshoy Yenisei River. Nws ntev dua Me (563 km). Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, koj tau txais 4092 km - thiab qhov no yog qhov ntev ntawm Yenisei raws li "Lavxias teb sab" version.

Tab sis muaj "Mongolian" txoj kev xav, raws li qhov ntev ntawm Me Yenisei, suav nrog cov dej ntws ntws mus rau hauv nws qhov siab, yog 615 km. Tom qab ntawd qhov ntev ntawm Yenisei yog 5002 km.

Qhov twg yog qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River
Qhov twg yog qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River

Qee tus neeg thaj chaw muaj kev xaiv thib peb rau kev suav qhov ntev, sib cav tias qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River yog Selenga River, uas yog los ntawm Mongolia thiab ntws mus rau hauv Lake Baikal. Nws ntev yog 1024 km, thiab nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm 336 kwj thiab dej ntws uas pub lub pas dej. Cov qauv no kuj tseem siv rau hauv lwm cov khoom siv: qhov ntev ntawm Angara River hauv 1779 km, nrog rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Selenga thiab qhov chaw ntawm Angara raws thaj chaw ntawm Lake Baikal. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntxiv cov lus qhia ntev nrog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Yenisei mus rau qhov sib txuam ntawm Angara, qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev dej yog 5075 m. Tab sis cov lus nug tshwm sim: Yog tias Yenisei ces suav tias yog tus dej loj, lossis puas yuav nws. ua ib feem ntawm Angara, ntxiv rau, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lawv qhov sib txuam, Angara channel 2-3 npaug dav dua Yenisei. Lo lus nug thib ob: Baikal puas yuav muaj lub pas dej, lossis puas yog ib feem ntawm Yenisei (Angara)?

Txog qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev dej mus rauncaj qha dependence yog thaj tsam ntawm lub pas dej, uas npog lub Yenisei River. Lub hauv paus thiab lub qhov ncauj tau nruab rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm cov qauv no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lwm yam dej hauv dej (kwv dej, dej ntws tawm thiab txhua xyoo ntws).

Official reference point

Qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River
Qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River

Yog li qhov chaw twg yuav tsum suav tias yog lub hauv paus ntawm Yenisei River? Feem ntau, koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Sau Npe Dej. Nyob rau hauv nws, lub confluence ntawm ob lub roob ntws (loj thiab me Yenisei) nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 3487 km ntawm lub confluence ntawm tus dej mus rau lub Kara Hiav txwv thiab nws qhia tau hais tias tus Yenisei River pib ntawm no. "Wikipedia" qhia lub hauv paus hauv tib nqe lus. Nws cov kev tswj xyuas tau qhia: sab qaum teb latitude 51 degrees. 43 feeb. 47 sec., sab hnub tuaj longitude 94 degrees. 27 feeb. 18 sec. Qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River tau txiav txim siab yog 619.5 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Yenisei dej. Wikipedia. Qhov chaw
Yenisei dej. Wikipedia. Qhov chaw

Altai-Sayan highlands, intermountain basins, Minusinsk phiab - cov av loj no hla los ntawm Yenisei River. Lub hauv paus thiab lub qhov ncauj yog nyob rau hauv xws li hypsometric cim ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto: los ntawm 619.5 m mus rau 0 m (hiav txwv theem). Tag nrho qhov poob yog 619.5 m, thiab qhov nruab nrab txoj kab nqes yog 0.18 m / km. Ntawd yog, rau txhua km ntawm cov channel ntws, nws qhov qis qis yog txo los ntawm 18 cm, piv nrog rau sab sauv.

Txoj kab nqes ntawm tus dej no yuav nrog ib qho kev nqes hav ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo ntawm sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb. Tab sis qhov xwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tau muab rau qhov zoo tagnrho geometry. Yog li ntawd, tus dej Yenisei (lub hauv paus thiab lub qhov ncauj hereinafter nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeemRaws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai), nyob ntawm qhov kev nyem thiab txoj kab nqes ntawm cov av, nws tau muab faib ua 3 ntu - sab saud, nruab nrab thiab qis.

Upper Yenisei

Qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River
Qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River

Nqe no pib qhov twg ntawm tus dej Yenisei. Qhov feem ntawm Upper Yenisei (lub zos lub npe ntawm tus dej yog Ulug-Khem) suav txog 600 km. Nws xaus ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm tus dej Abakan nrog qhov siab ntawm 243.6 m. Qhov siab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Yenisei River yog 619.5 m. Ntawm ntu 188 km ntev, qhov dav ntawm cov channel yog los ntawm 100 mus rau 650 m nrog qhov tob. nyob rau hauv qhov ncav cuag tsawg kawg yog 4 thiab mus txog 12 m, mus txog 1 m ntawm riffles. Qhov nrawm nrawm nrawm nce mus txog 8 m / s, qhov nruab nrab ceev hauv lub caij ntuj sov yog 2-2.5 m / s. Tom qab ntawd pib lub reservoir 290 km ntev, tsim los ntawm 236 m siab Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP dam thaiv cov channel, ob peb kilometers ntawm nws yog ib tug me me reservoir ntawm lub Mainskaya HPP, 21.5 km ntev.

Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Upper Yenisei - 375.9 m. Qhov nruab nrab txoj kab nqes - 0.63 m ib kilometer ntawm cov channel. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev nqes hav yog qhov zoo rau cov dej ntws ntawm lub roob, uas sib haum rau cov xwm txheej ntawm thaj chaw (Sayan Canyon, sab qaum teb ntawm Tuva Basin, nrawm channel, siab ntws).

Qee yam ntxwv ntawm Yenisei
Qee yam ntxwv ntawm Yenisei

Yenisei

pib ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Yenisei yog suav tias yog qhov sib txuam ntawm tus dej. Abakan - ntawm 2887 km ntawm lub qhov ncauj nrog lub cim ntawm 243.6 m. Tus dej maj mam poob cov cim ntawm lub roob ua cim. Lub hav yuav dav (txog 5 km), qhov ceev tam sim no txo mus rau 1-2 m / s nyob rau hauv ib tug channel 500 m wide.

Nruab nrab Yenisei pib nrog Krasnoyarskreservoir, qhov ntev yog 388 km nrog qhov nruab nrab dav ntawm 15 km. Lub ciam teb qis ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom tsim khoom yog siab dua lub nroog Krasnoyarsk.

Lub Nruab Nrab Yenisei xaus ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm Angara River ntawm 2137 km ntawm lub qhov ncauj nrog qhov siab ntawm 79 m..

Qhov ntev ntawm Middle Yenisei yog 750 km. Txoj kab nqes ntawm qhov chaw nrog qhov poob ntawm 164.9 m yog 0.22 m - nrog txhua mais ntawm kev txav mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau Hiav Txwv Kara, cov channel " ntog" los ntawm 22 cm.

qis Yenisei

Qhov no yog ntu ntev tshaj plaws nrog qhov ntev ntawm 2137 km - los ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm Angara mus rau lub qhov ncauj ntawm Yenisei hauv kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Sopochnaya Karga. Tom qab lub confluence ntawm lub Lower Tunguska channel ua dav, ncav cuag 5 km. Tam sim no qeeb mus rau 0.2 m / s. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj alignment, tus dej tau muab faib ua 4 lub ntsiab channel, txhua tus uas yog hu ua lub Yenisei, tab sis yog supplemented los ntawm lub ntsiab txhais: Okhotsk, Kamenny, Bolshoi thiab Maly. Tag nrho qhov dav ntawm cov channel yog 50 km. Nruab nrab ntawm cov channel yog cov loj heev Brekhov Islands tuaj, hla qhov uas lawv koom dua rau hauv ib qho channel, tsim Yenisei Bay ntawm ntug hiav txwv Kara. Tus dej muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib lub tiaj tus: txoj kab nqes tsis ntau tshaj 0.04 (txog 4 cm ib kilometer), qhov khiav ceev yog yuav luag imperceptible, surge tshwm sim feem ntau pom - dej ntws ntawm hiav txwv mus rau hauv lub bay.

River Hydrology

Txoj cai ntawm Yenisei River
Txoj cai ntawm Yenisei River

Cov zaub mov ntawm Yenisei yog tov, ib nrab ntawm cov daus. Qhov feem ntawm cov dej nag yog 35%, cov dej hauv av nyob rau sab saud ua rau nws feem ntawm 15%, mus rau qhov qis dua.kev koom tes pub rau tus dej poob qis.

khov, harbiners ntawm uas yog dej khov hauv dej thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg dej khov, pib los ntawm qhov qis mus txog thaum lub Kaum Hli Ntuj, nyob rau nruab nrab mus txog rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis, nyob rau sab sauv - lig Kaum Ib Hlis - Kaum Ob Hlis. Lub caij ntuj no dej ntws tau txo qis.

Caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab stretches, pib ntawm nruab nrab Yenisei txij thaum lub Plaub Hlis kawg. Nyob rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog nws pib me ntsis tom qab. Nyob rau hauv qis nce mus txog - los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub Tsib Hlis mus rau thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub rau hli ntuj. Thaum cov dej khov drifts, congestion yog tsim. Nce qib nce mus txog 7 m hauv kev txuas ntxiv thiab mus txog 16 m hauv cov channel nqaim. Hauv qhov qis qis, qib siab dua - mus txog 28 m (Kureika), tab sis ntawm lub qhov ncauj sib dhos nws poob mus rau 12 m.

Leej Txiv Yenisei nto moo rau dab tsi

Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ntws tag nrho: tus dej yog thawj zaug hauv TOP-5 tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.

Nws ntws los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Asia - lub peev ntawm Tuva, lub nroog Kyzyl.

Delimits Western Siberia nrog Eastern Siberia nrog nws cov channel thiab kwv yees faib cov kev nthuav dav ntawm Russia los ntawm ib nrab.

"Qhov twg ntawm tus dej Yenisei?" - lo lus nug no tseem yog qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov chaw nyob.

Koj tuaj yeem tau los ntawm Mongolia mus rau Hiav Txwv Kara los ntawm rafting raws Selenga, Lake Baikal, Angara thiab Yenisei.

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