Monument "Millennium ntawm Russia" hauv Novgorod

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Raws li cov pov thawj los ntawm keeb kwm, Novgorodians thiab lawv cov neeg nyob ze tau caw Varangians los tswj Russia. Nws yog Rurik uas nyob rau hauv 862 los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Novgorod tus thawj tswj hwm. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub xeev Lavxias tau tsim.

Russian keeb kwm hauv bronze

Nws tau txiav txim siab ua kev zoo siab rau Millennium ntawm Russia ntawm qhov loj. Emperor Alexander II xav kom perpetuate lub feat ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub huabtais nrog ib tug monumental lub tsev, txawm hais tias lub tswv yim nws tus kheej mus rau lub taub hau ntawm Ministry ntawm Sab hauv, Lansky. Lub txhiab xyoo ntawm Russia yuav tsum tau ntes nyob rau hauv bas-reliefs thiab dluab ntawm tseem ceeb statesmen thiab heroes ntawm lub Fatherland, uas tau ua ntau heev rau nws txoj kev vam meej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem hais yam tsis muaj exaggeration tias lub monument yog cov cuab yeej ntawm txhua tus neeg.

Kev npaj rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm hnub tseem ceeb xws li lub xyoo txhiab xyoo ntawm Russia tau meej meej. Tom qab tsoomfwv tau pom zoo tsim lub monument, kev sau nyiaj pub dawb tau pib.

Nws tau txiav txim siab txhim tsa lub monument hauv GreatNovgorod. Xyoo txhiab xyoo ntawm Russia yuav tsum ua lub cim rau lub nroog tshwj xeeb no.

YVim li cas Veliky Novgorod

Lub nroog ntawm tus dej Volkhov tau raug xaiv los ua qhov chaw rau kev txhim kho ntawm ib lub monument rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm ib txhiab xyoo ntawm Russia, tsis yog los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Tsis yog Belokamennaya lossis Northern capital tsis haum rau lub luag haujlwm no. Vim li cas Veliky Novgorod? Lub Millennium ntawm Russia monument yuav tsum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub nroog txiav txim los ntawm Rurik. Nws yog nyob ntawm no tias Lavxias teb sab xeev tau yug los, thiab nws yog thaj av Novgorod uas suav tias yog "lub txaj ntawm txhua lub tebchaws Lavxias." Qhov no tau rov qab los ntawm Alexander II, hais lus nrog kev txais tos zoo rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Novgorod nobility.

Pob pub dawb

Lub sijhawm xyoo 1857 txog 1862, kwv yees li 150,000 rubles tau sau rau kev tsim kho lub monument. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tseeb tias lub xyoo txhiab xyoo ntawm Russia tsis tuaj yeem tsim nrog cov nyiaj no, thiab tom qab ntawd tsoomfwv tau siv nyiaj ntxiv 350,000 rubles rau ob xyoos los ua qhov project.

Kev npaj

Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1859, kev sib tw tau pib, cov neeg tuaj koom tuaj yeem xa lawv tus kheej kos duab ntawm lub monument.

Lub Millennium ntawm Russia monument tau nthuav tawm hauv tsib caug-peb versions. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev xaiv tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov project ntawm sculptor Mikeshin. Mikhail Osipovich tau raug qhia kom sau cov npe ntawm cov neeg loj tshaj plaws ntawm Russia, uas nws lub cim xeeb yuav raug immortalized nyob rau hauv lub monument.

List

Nkauj ntawm cov npe ntawm cov phab ej ntawm Fatherland, uas lub monument yuav tsum tau qhuas"Millennium ntawm Russia" nyob rau hauv Novgorod, yog debatable. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig nws, vim qhov kev hloov pauv tau rov ua dua rau cov npe ntawm cov nom tswv zoo thiab cov neeg nyiam ntawm lub tebchaws. Qee cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis ntseeg tias cov nuj nqis xws li Mikhail Kutuzov, Gavrila Derzhavin, Mikhail Lermontov, Vasily Zhukovsky puas tsim nyog rau kev ua neej nyob. Fedor Ushakov, Alexei Koltsov, Nikolai Gogol tau ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv, tab sis tom qab tshem tawm. Tus neeg xaiv tsa ntawm Tsar Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tau raug tsis lees paub yam tsis muaj kev sib tham ntau, txij li thaum xyoo pua 19 nws tau raug suav hais tias yog ib tus neeg ua phem tiag tiag thiab despot.

thawj lub pob zeb ntawm Millennium ntawm Russia monument nyob rau hauv Novgorod tau muab tso rau lub Tsib Hlis 28, 1861 ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kremlin hauv zos.

Top Tier

Tau kawg, txhua tus xav tsis thoob los ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov loj ntawm Millennium of Russia monument. Veliky Novgorod tau tuaj xyuas txhua xyoo los ntawm ntau txhiab tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj yeem pom qhov cim tshwj xeeb no. Nws suav nrog ntau pawg bronze. Ob daim duab ntawm lub pob saum toj sawv cev rau tag nrho Fatherland: ib tug poj niam hnav khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub teb chaws yog txhos caug thiab tuav lub xeev cim. Nyob ze yog ib tug tim tswv nrog ib tug ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, uas yog personification ntawm Orthodoxy. Ntawm ko taw ntawm pawg no yog lub pob loj. Nws symbolizes autocracy.

Tib nrab

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub monument muaj rau sculptural pawg ua los ntawm tooj dag. Lawv yog ib qho kev xav txog ntawm rau qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm Lavxias.

Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm qib, peb pom tag nrho-ntev thawj tus tub huabtais Lavxias - Rurik, nws lub xub pwg nyom tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tawv nqaij tsiaj. Tus thawj tuav tuav rab ntaj ntawm nws sab laug tes, thiab daim ntaub thaiv npog ntawm nws sab xis.

Ntawm sab xis ntawm Rurik sawv ntawm Grand Duke ntawm Kyiv Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, nyob rau hauv nws sab tes xis yog tus ntoo khaub lig, thiab nyob rau hauv nws sab laug yog ib phau ntawv. Nyob rau sab xis ntawm Vladimir yog ib tug poj niam uas coj ib tug me nyuam rau kev cai raus dej, thiab rau sab laug ntawm tus huab tais, ib tug txiv neej cuam ib tug tawg duab ntawm pagan vajtswv Perun. Tag nrho pawg no yog nyob rau lub sijhawm uas Russia tau ua kev cai raus dej.

Nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub monument yog lub ntsej muag majestic ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Dmitry Donskoy, uas hnav ris tsho ntawm cov tub rog - lub kaus mom hlau thiab cov xaim xaim. Tus tub huabtais txhais ceg so ntawm tus swb Tatar, ntawm nws sab laug tes nws tuav ib tug bunchuk, thiab nyob rau hauv nws sab xis - lub club.

Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub monument, tsib daim duab sawv tawm, uas qhia txog kev yeej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub teb chaws thaum tsim ib lub xeev centralized. Hauv nruab nrab koj tuaj yeem pom tus tub huabtais Ivan III.

Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub monument yog statesmen thiab heroes uas tau ua txhua yam ua tau los rhuav tshem Polish invaders thiab restore kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov lus txib nyob rau hauv Russia. Hauv pem hauv ntej yog cov duab ntawm Dmitry Pozharsky thiab Kozma Minin.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm theem nrab, Emperor Peter the Great tau piav qhia hauv ntshav thiab nrog tus scepter hauv nws txhais tes. Nws daim duab yog taw rau pem hauv ntej, ntawm tus taw ntawm tus huab tais yog ib tug Swede nrog ib tug torn chij.

qis qis

Nyob hauv qib qistus sculptor faib tag nrho cov duab keeb kwm rau hauv plaub pawg: "Statemen", "Cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws kos duab", "Enlighteners", "Cov tub rog thiab cov phab ej".

Ntawm cov phab ej, ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ntawm Martha Boretskaya, uas yog tus poj ntsuam ntawm Novgorod posadnik. Muaj lub tswb nrov nrov ntawm tus taw ntawm Martha lub Posadnitsa, lub cim ntawm kev poob kev ywj pheej los ntawm Novgorod Republic.

Lub monument ciaj sia tom qab xyoo 1917

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, cov Bolsheviks tsis tau rhuav tshem lub Millennium ntawm Russia monument nyob rau hauv Novgorod, txawm hais tias lub Soviet xovxwm txiav txim siab nws "kev nom kev tswv thiab kev ua phem."

Nws tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ntseeg, thaum tag nrho cov tub ceev xwm tau tsom mus rau kev plundering Novgorod diocese. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub caij ua koob tsheej nco txog hnub so, lub monument tau npog nrog plywood.

Lub monument tsis raug rhuav tshem thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj

Lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Loj Loj, thaum cov neeg German ntes Novgorod, ib tus thawj coj German xav ua tub rog tawm ntawm lub xyoo txhiab ntawm Russia monument. Txawm li cas los xij, cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tsis tau ua tiav: lub monument tsuas yog ib nrab rhuav tshem, tom qab ntawd lub nroog tau dim.