Qhov tseem ceeb categorical yog qeb tseem ceeb ntawm Kant's ethics

Qhov tseem ceeb categorical yog qeb tseem ceeb ntawm Kant's ethics
Qhov tseem ceeb categorical yog qeb tseem ceeb ntawm Kant's ethics

Video: Qhov tseem ceeb categorical yog qeb tseem ceeb ntawm Kant's ethics

Video: Qhov tseem ceeb categorical yog qeb tseem ceeb ntawm Kant's ethics
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Immanuel Kant yog ib tug kws tshawb fawb German ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, uas nws cov haujlwm tau hloov pauv qhov kev xav uas twb muaj lawm ntawm kev paub thiab kev cai lij choj, kev coj ncaj ncees thiab kev zoo nkauj, nrog rau cov tswv yim hais txog txiv neej. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws philosophical ethical theory yog lub categorical imperative.

Nws tau tshwm sim hauv nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev xav "Kev Txhaum Cai ntawm Kev Tsim Nyog". Kant thuam kev coj ncaj ncees, uas yog ua raws li kev xav tau thiab cov kev cai ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nrhiav kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus kheej thiab kev zoo siab, kev xav thiab ntau yam kev xav. Nws suav hais tias kev coj ncaj ncees yog qhov cuav, vim tus neeg uas tau ua lag luam kom zoo tag nrho thiab vam meej vim qhov no, txawm li cas los xij, yuav ua tsis ncaj ncees kiag li.

Kant's categorical imperative (los ntawm Latin "imperativus" - imperative) yog lub siab nyiam uas xav tau qhov zoo rau nws tus kheej, thiab tsis yog rau lwm yam, thiab muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm nws tus kheej. Kant tshaj tawm tias ib tug neeg yuav tsum ua raws li nws txoj kev ua yuav dhau los ua txoj cai rau tib neeg. Tsuas yog ib lub luag haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm kev ncaj ncees rau nws tus kheej lub siab ua rau ib tug coj ncaj ncees. Txhua lub sijhawm thiabCov kev xav tau ntiag tug thiab kev txaus siab. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm kev cai lij choj nyob rau hauv uas nws tsis yog sab nraud, tab sis yog kev quab yuam sab hauv, "kev quab yuam tus kheej dawb."

categorical tseem ceeb
categorical tseem ceeb

Yog lub luag haujlwm sab nraud yog kev ua raws li txoj cai ntawm lub xeev thiab ua raws li cov cai ntawm xwm, ces tsuas yog "kev cai lij choj sab hauv" tseem ceeb rau kev ncaj ncees.

Kant qhov kev coj ncaj ncees yog categorical, uncompromising thiab kiag li. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev ncaj ncees yuav tsum tau ua raws li niaj hnub, ib txwm thiab txhua qhov chaw, tsis hais qhov xwm txheej twg. Txoj cai tswj hwm kev ncaj ncees rau Kant yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho los ntawm lwm lub hom phiaj. Yog hais tias yav dhau los pragmatic ethics tau taw qhia rau qhov tshwm sim, ntawm cov txiaj ntsig uas qhov no lossis qhov kev txiav txim yuav coj, ces Kant hu rau qhov tsis lees paub tag nrho ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus kws tshawb fawb xav tau txoj kev xav nruj thiab tsis suav nrog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov phem lossis ib qho nruab nrab ntawm lawv: tsis yog hauv cov cim lossis hauv kev ua yuav muaj duality, ciam teb ntawm kev tsim txiaj thiab lwm yam yuav tsum yog qhov tseeb, meej., ruaj khov.

Kantian categorical tseem ceeb
Kantian categorical tseem ceeb

Kev coj ncaj ncees hauv Kant txuas nrog lub tswv yim ntawm Vajtswv, thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg yog nyob ze rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev ntseeg: ib haiv neeg uas kev coj ncaj ncees dominates sensual lub neej yog siab tshaj, los ntawm qhov kev xav. ntawm kev ntseeg, theem ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob. Kant muab cov ntawv zoo tshaj plaws empirically illustrative forms. Hauv nws qhov kev xav txog kev coj ncaj ncees, nrog rau cov qauv hauv lub xeev, nws tsim lub tswv yim ntawm "nyob mus ib txhiskev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb", uas yog raws li kev lag luam tsis tsim nyog ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab nws txoj cai txwv.

Kant qhov tseem ceeb
Kant qhov tseem ceeb

Georg Hegel, tus kws tshawb fawb German ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thuam hnyav rau qhov tseem ceeb, pom nws qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov tseeb tias nws tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus: lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua rau lub luag haujlwm, thiab dab tsi. lub luag haujlwm no tsis paub. Hauv Kantian system, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb thiab txhais nws li cas.

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